scholarly journals Toxicity Reduction of Euphorbia kansui Stir-Fried with Vinegar Based on Conversion of 3-O-(2′E,4′Z-Decadi-enoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Shi-Kang Zhou ◽  
Kan Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Reduction ◽  
Euphorbia Kansui ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The dried roots of Euphorbia kansui S.L.Liou ex S.B.Ho have long been used to treat edema in China. However, the severe toxicity caused by Euphorbia kansui (EK) has seriously restricted its clinical application. Although EK was processed with vinegar to reduce its toxicity, the detailed mechanisms of attenuation in toxicity of EK stir-fried with vinegar (VEK) have not been well delineated. Diterpenoids are the main toxic ingredients of EK, and changes in these after processing may be the underlying mechanism of toxicity attenuation of VEK. 3-O-(2′E,4′Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (3-O-EZ) is one of the diterpenoids derived from EK, and the content of 3-O-EZ was significantly reduced after processing. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of toxicity reduction of VEK based on the change of 3-O-EZ after processing with vinegar. Based on the chemical structure of 3-O-EZ and the method of processing with vinegar, simulation experiments were carried out to confirm the presence of the product both in EK and VEK and to enrich the product. Then, the difference of peak area of 3-O-EZ and its hydrolysate in EK and VEK were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Furthermore, the toxicity effect of 3-O-EZ and its hydrolysate, as well as the underlying mechanism, on zebrafish embryos were investigated. The findings showed that the diterpenoids (3-O-EZ) in EK can convert into less toxic ingenol in VEK after processing with vinegar; meanwhile, the content of ingenol in VEK was higher than that of EK. More interestingly, the ingenol exhibited less toxicity (acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and organic toxicity) than that of 3-O-EZ, and 3-O-EZ could increase malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduce glutathione (GSH) content; cause embryo oxidative damage by inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and induce inflammation and apoptosis by elevation of IL-2 and IL-8 contents and activation of the caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Thus, this study contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of attenuation in toxicity of VEK, and provides the possibility of safe and rational use of EK in clinics.

Vertical skew due to changes in gravitoinertial force: A possible consequence of otolith asymmetry

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Karmali ◽  
Stefano Ramat ◽  
Mark Shelhamer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Gravitoinertial Force ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

During the alternating enhanced and reduced "gravity" levels of parabolic flight, subjects noted that a horizontally eccentric point target viewed binocularly in darkness seemed to split into two targets with vertical divergence. The amount of perceived divergence seemed to depend on instantaneous g level. This perceptual observation suggested a vertical misalignment of the eyes (vertical skew), dependent on the magnitude of g level sensed by the otoliths. While performing a different experiment during parabolic flight we recorded binocular eye position and analyzed these data to corroborate the behavioral observations. Records were obtained from seven trials in five subjects, containing eye alignment in both 0 g and 1.8 g. The recordings confirm the presence of vertical skew that changed with g level. "Skew-differential" was quantified for each trial as the difference in vertical skew from 0 g to 1.8 g. Mean skew-differential was 1.37°; the largest was 2.57°. Statistical significance was assessed using the student t-test and the more correct and stringent Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). The observed skew is equivalent to a mild strabismus, which is known to result in diplopia. The underlying mechanism may be an asymmetry between the otolith organs on either side, which is centrally compensated in 1 g, but is inappropriately compensated in other gravitational fields. If equivalent amounts of vertical skew were to occur during changes in g level during dynamic phases of flight in high-performance aircraft or space shuttle reentry, the impact on visual fixation might be detrimental to piloting performance.

scholarly journals Involvement of Nrf2-HO-1/JNK-Erk Signaling Pathways in Aconitine-Induced Developmental Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and ROS-Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Zebrafish Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xia ◽  
Shuo Gao ◽  
Samuel Rajendran Rapael Gnanamuthu ◽  
Kaiyan Zhuang ◽  
Zhenzhen Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Mitochondrial Apoptosis ◽  
Diterpenoid Alkaloids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Aconitine (AC), one of the bioactive diterpenoid alkaloids extracted from Aconitum plants, is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that AC has attracted great interest for its wide cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of AC on embryonic development and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a developmental toxicity assay of AC was performed on zebrafish embryos from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf), and its underlying mechanisms were discussed. AC exposure impaired the cardiac, liver, and neurodevelopment. Especially, a high dose of AC (7.27 and 8.23 μM) exposure resulted in malformations at 72 and 96 hpf, including reduced body length, curved body shape, pericardial edema, yolk retention, swim bladder and brain developmental deficiency, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. High-concentration AC exposure caused a deficient cardiovascular system with cardiac dysfunctions, increased heart rates at 72 and 96 hpf, and reduced locomotor behavior at 120 hpf. AC treatment significantly increased the ROS level and triggered cell apoptosis in the heart and brain regions of embryos at 96 hpf in 7.27 and 8.23 μM AC treatment zebrafish. Oxidative stress was confirmed by reduced levels of T-SOD activity associated with accumulation of lipid peroxidation in larvae. The expression levels of oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2, HO-1, Cat, and Sod-1) Erk1/2 and Bcl-2 were significantly downregulated at 96 hpf. The expression pattern of JNK and mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes (Bad, Bax, Cyto C, Casp-9, and Casp-3) was significantly upregulated. Taken together, all these parameters collectively provide the first evidence of AC-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryo/larvae through ROS-medicated mitochondrial apoptosis involving Nrf2/HO-1 and JNK/Erk pathways.

TRANSFER LAYER DYNAMICITY IN ROLL-SLIP OF POLYMER METAL PAIRS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Sukumaran ◽  
Vanessa Rodriguez ◽  
TD Nguyen ◽  
Jan De Pauw ◽  
Ando Matyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Transfer Layer ◽  
Contact Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Steady Stage ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

  Polymer-metal pairs are found in many engineering applications, especially in rolling/sliding conditions. Transfer layer formation is imperative in friction and wear investigations on using these tribo-pairs. In the existing literature quantitative description was given for the formation of protective layer from the post mortem analysis (preferentially for sliding configurations). Since there is a dynamicity involved in the transfer layer the straight forward answer from the quantitative postmortem responses is rather uncertain. In the current research, rolling/sliding tests were performed for polymer and it’s composite against metal to explore the underlying mechanisms using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The tests were performed with intermediate pauses to observe the surface changes where characterization based on surface morphology and roughness (Ra) are used. The results show that the transfer layer deposition occurs in four stages which are explained from the view point of change in Surface roughness Ra in correspondence to its micrographs of the surface topography. The four stages can be categorized as 1. Scouring 2. Running-in 3. Transition and 4. Steady stage. Results show that in polymers the Ra increases during the scouring stage subsequently it decreases on reaching the steady stage. In steel counter parts the Ra does not change significantly during the scouring period. However, the Ra increases in the running-in period followed by a transition region leading to a steady state. Among the polymer and its composites the pure polymer shows significant change in roughness due to the difference in strength. The change in Ra for steel in the steady region also depends upon the contact materials, the mechanical and tribological properties of the polymer. Thus the stages can be used to study the transfer layer behaviour and understand the underlying mechanism in segregating the wear mechanisms both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Contrasting underlying mechanisms of different barrier coating types

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Bryan McCulloch ◽  
John Roper ◽  
Kaitlin Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Coating Type ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Barrier coatings are used in applications including food packaging, dry goods, and consumer products to prevent transport of different compounds either through or into paper and paperboard substrates. These coatings are useful in packaging to contain active ingredients, such as fragrances, or to protect contents from detrimental substances, such as oxygen, water, grease, or other chemicals of concern. They also are used to prevent visual changes or mechanical degradation that might occur if the paper becomes saturated. The performance and underlying mechanism depends on the barrier coating type and, in particular, on whether the barrier coating is designed to prevent diffusive or capillary transport. Estimates on the basis of fundamental transport phenomena and data from a broad screening of different barrier materials can be used to understand the limits of various approaches to construct barrier coatings. These estimates also can be used to create basic design rules for general classes of barrier coatings.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution of UHPC Reinforced with Glass Fibers and High-Performance Polypropylene Fibers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Jiayuan He ◽  
Weizhen Chen ◽  
Boshan Zhang ◽  
Jiangjiang Yu ◽  
Hang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Concrete Damaged Plasticity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Values

Due to the sharp and corrosion-prone features of steel fibers, there is a demand for ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) reinforced with nonmetallic fibers. In this paper, glass fiber (GF) and the high-performance polypropylene (HPP) fiber were selected to prepare UHPC, and the effects of different fibers on the compressive, tensile and bending properties of UHPC were investigated, experimentally and numerically. Then, the damage evolution of UHPC was further studied numerically, adopting the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model. The difference between the simulation values and experimental values was within 5.0%, verifying the reliability of the numerical model. The results indicate that 2.0% fiber content in UHPC provides better mechanical properties. In addition, the glass fiber was more significant in strengthening the effect. Compared with HPP-UHPC, the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of GF-UHPC increased by about 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively. However, the flexural toughness indexes I5, I10 and I20 of HPP-UHPC were about 1.2, 2.0 and 3.8 times those of GF-UHPC, respectively, showing that the toughening effect of the HPP fiber is better.

scholarly journals A Modified KNN Algorithm for High-Performance Computing on FPGA of Real-Time m-QAM Demodulators

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
David Marquez-Viloria ◽  
Luis Castano-Londono ◽  
Neil Guerrero-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Interchannel Interference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Computing

A methodology for scalable and concurrent real-time implementation of highly recurrent algorithms is presented and experimentally validated using the AWS-FPGA. This paper presents a parallel implementation of a KNN algorithm focused on the m-QAM demodulators using high-level synthesis for fast prototyping, parameterization, and scalability of the design. The proposed design shows the successful implementation of the KNN algorithm for interchannel interference mitigation in a 3 × 16 Gbaud 16-QAM Nyquist WDM system. Additionally, we present a modified version of the KNN algorithm in which comparisons among data symbols are reduced by identifying the closest neighbor using the rule of the 8-connected clusters used for image processing. Real-time implementation of the modified KNN on a Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ VU9P AWS-FPGA board was compared with the results obtained in previous work using the same data from the same experimental setup but offline DSP using Matlab. The results show that the difference is negligible below FEC limit. Additionally, the modified KNN shows a reduction of operations from 43 percent to 75 percent, depending on the symbol’s position in the constellation, achieving a reduction 47.25% reduction in total computational time for 100 K input symbols processed on 20 parallel cores compared to the KNN algorithm.

scholarly journals Nanostructure-Enhanced Surface Acoustic Waves Biosensor and Its Computational Modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guigen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Saw Sensor ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Enhanced Surface

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are considered to be very promising in providing a high-performance sensing platform with wireless and remote operational capabilities. In this review, the basic principles of SAW devices and Love-mode SAW-based biosensors are discussed first to illustrate the need for surface enhancement for the active area of a SAW sensor. Then some of the recent efforts made to incorporate nanostructures into SAW sensors are summarized. After that, a computational approach to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the operations of a Love-mode SAW biosensor with nanostructured active surface is discussed. Finally, a modeling example for a Love-mode SAW sensor with skyscraper nanopillars added to in its active surface along with some selected results is presented.

scholarly journals Fast Comparison of High-Precision Time Scales Using GNSS Receivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vojtech Vigner ◽  
Jaroslav Roztocil
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Common View ◽  
Log Files ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference

Comparison of high-performance time scales generated by atomic clocks in laboratories of time and frequency metrology is usually performed by means of the Common View method. Laboratories are equipped with specialized GNSS receivers which measure the difference between a local time scale and a time scale of the selected satellite. Every receiver generates log files in CGGTTS data format to record measured differences. In order to calculate time differences recorded by two receivers, it is necessary to obtain these logs from both receivers and process them. This paper deals with automation and speeding up of these processes.

Evaluation of the Interference of Hemoglobin Variant J-Bangkok on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Measurement by Five Different Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Dong-Mei Wen ◽  
Sheng-Nan Xu ◽  
Wei-Jia Wang ◽  
Xiu-Ming Zhang ◽  
Ming-Huan Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Hemoglobin Variant ◽  
Deming Regression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immuno Assay ◽  
Hba1c Measurement ◽  
Significant Interference

Abstract Objective The interference of the hemoglobin variant (Hb J-Bangkok) was evaluated on 4 different glycated hemoglobin assays and compared with a reference immuno assay. Methods An overall test of coincidence of 2 least-squares linear regression lines was performed to determine whether the presence of Hb J-Bangkok caused a statistically significant difference in HbA1c results compared with a reference immuno assay. Statistical analysis was performed on the difference of the estimated average glucose calculated from HbA1c values and fasting plasma glucose in the Hb J-Bangkok variant group using the different detection systems. Deming regression analysis was used to determinate whether Hb J-Bangkok had a significant interference on HbA1c results using an HbA1c±10% relative bias at 6% and 9% HbA1c as evaluation limits. Results Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method, and enzymatic methods were not affected by Hb J-Bangkok. However, Hb J-Bangkok showed statistically significant interference to the two ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Conclusion When performing HbA1c tests, clinical laboratory personnel should identify the Hb variant and select the appropriate methods or use alternative indicators.

scholarly journals Thunderstorm outflows preceding epidemics of asthma during spring and summer

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-471
Author(s):  
G B Marks ◽  
J R Colquhoun ◽  
S T Girgis ◽  
M Hjelmroos Koski ◽  
A B A Treloar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thunderstorm Outflow

BACKGROUNDA study was undertaken to assess the importance of thunderstorms as a cause of epidemics of asthma exacerbations and to investigate the underlying mechanism.METHODSA case control study was performed in six towns in south eastern Australia. Epidemic case days (n = 48) and a random sample of control days (n = 191) were identified by reference to the difference between the observed and expected number of emergency department attendances for asthma. The occurrence of thunderstorms, their associated outflows and cold fronts were ascertained, blind to case status, for each of these days. In addition, the relation of hourly pollen counts to automatic weather station data was examined in detail for the period around one severe epidemic of asthma exacerbations. The main outcome measure was the number of epidemics of asthma exacerbations.RESULTSThunderstorm outflows were detected on 33% of epidemic days and only 3% of control days (odds ratio 15.0, 95% confidence interval 6.0 to 37.6). The association was strongest in late spring and summer. Detailed examination of one severe epidemic showed that its onset coincided with the arrival of the thunderstorm outflow and a 4–12 fold increase in the ambient concentration of grass pollen grains.CONCLUSIONSThese findings are consistent with the hypothesis that some epidemics of exacerbations of asthma are caused by high concentrations of allergenic particles produced by an outflow of colder air, associated with the downdraught from a thunderstorm, sweeping up pollen grains and particles and then concentrating them in a shallow band of air at ground level. This is a common cause of exacerbations of asthma during the pollen season.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document