scholarly journals Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Dipterocarpus alatus Leaf on the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depression in ICR Mice and Its Possible Mechanism of Action

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daodee ◽  
Monthakantirat ◽  
Ruengwinitwong ◽  
Gatenakorn ◽  
Maneenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Dipterocarpus Alatus

Treatment of the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mice with the ethanol extract of Dipterocarpus alatus leaf attenuated anhedonia (increased sucrose preference) and behavioral despair (decreased immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST)). The extract not only decreased the elevation of serum corticosterone level and the index of over-activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, caused by UCMS, but also ameliorated UCMS-induced up-regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mRNA expression and down-regulation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNAs in frontal cortex and hippocampus. In vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition assays showed that the extract exhibited the partial selective inhibition on MAO-A. HPLC analysis of the extract showed the presence of flavonoids (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, rutin) and phenolic acids (gallic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) as major constituents.

scholarly journals Merging the Multi-Target Effects of Kleeb Bua Daeng, a Thai Traditional Herbal Formula in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Juthamart Maneenet ◽  
Orawan Monthakantirat ◽  
Supawadee Daodee ◽  
Chantana Boonyarat ◽  
Yutthana Chotritthirong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disease characterized by persistent low mood, lack of energy, hypoactivity, anhedonia, decreased libido, and impaired cognitive and social functions. However, the multifactorial etiology of MDD remains largely unknown due the complex interaction between genetics and environment involved. Kleeb Bua Daeng (KBD) is a Thai traditional herbal formula that has been used to promote brain health. It consists of a 1:1:1 ratio of the aerial part of Centella asiatica, Piper nigrum fruit, and the petals of Nelumbo nucifera. According to the pharmacological activities of the individual medicinal plants, KBD has good potential as a treatment for MDD. The present study investigated the antidepressant activity of KBD in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model. Daily administration of KBD to UCMS mice ameliorated both anhedonia, by increasing 2% sucrose intake, and hopeless behavior, by reducing immobility times in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) without any effect on locomotor activity. The mechanism of KBD activity was multi-modal. KBD promoted neurogenesis by upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding (CREB) mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Daily treatment with KBD significantly reversed UCMS-induced HPA axis dysregulation by upregulating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) while downregulating serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) mRNA expression. KBD treatment also normalized proinflammatory cytokine expression including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. KBD and its component extracts also exhibited an inhibitory effect in vitro on monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. The multiple antidepressant actions of KBD emphasize its potential as an effective, novel treatment for MDD.

Oral supplementation with geranium oil or anise oil ameliorates depressed rat-related symptoms through oils antioxidant effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima A. El-Shamy ◽  
Khaled M. M. Koriem ◽  
Nevein N. Fadl ◽  
Marwa H. A. El-Azma ◽  
Mahmoud S. S. Arbid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a psychiatric disease condition and the chronic mild stress (CMS) model is a well-known and valuable animal model of depression. Geranium oil and anise oil were chosen for such a study. The aim of this research was to establish the geranium oil and anise oil effect to ameliorate CMS-related symptoms.MethodsThis research included 80 male albino rats each group of 10 rats and the animals were divided into two major groups: normal and CMS. The normal group was subdivided into four (control, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with saline, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks. The CMS group was subdivided into four (CMS without any treatment, CMS + geranium oil, CMS + anise oil and CMS + venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks.ResultsThe sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test, the distance traveled test and center square entries test were decreased, while center square duration test, immobility time in tail suspension test and floating time in forced swimming test were increased in CMS. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels decreased but malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in CMS. The oral intake of geranium oil and anise oil pushes all these parameters to approach the control levels. These results were supported by histopathological investigations of both brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues.ConclusionsGeranium oil and anise oil ameliorate CMS-related symptoms and this effect were related to the antioxidant effects of oils.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN PERILAKU GROOMING DAN IMOBILITAS MENCIT BALB/C TERINDUKSI DEPRESI YANG DISUPLEMENTASI TEMPE SEBAGAI SUMBER PARAPROBIOTIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ardianty ◽  
Brian Saputra Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptom ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Depression Level ◽  
The Common ◽  
Probiotic Food

Depression, a mental disorder marked by sadness, anhedonia and increased fatigability, is becoming more common in this industry 4.0 era. Nowadays, depression affects approximately 322 million people around the world (more than 14 million in Indonesia) and gives major contribution to the rise of global burden of disease. Although antidepressant is considered the common treatment for depression, recent studies show a possibility to treat depression by altering gut microbiome of the patient, by giving them probiotic food. Tempeh is a globally well-known Indonesian paraprobiotic food which already proven to modulate gut microbiota. This research aimed to find out the effect of tempeh to depression symptom as expressed in Balb/c mice behaviors. The methods used was to feed tempeh or tempeh starter to mice which were depressed-induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure. Parameter measured were depression level of the Balb/c mice based on immobility times and grooming durations acquired from tail suspension test, forced swim test, sucrose splash test and coat state score. The result showed that tempeh supplementation did not affect coat states and grooming durations but tend to improve immobility times of the Balb/c mice. Meanwhile, tempeh starter supplementation tends to improve the immobility time and kept coat state clean/tidy, but lowered grooming duration. In conclusion, supplementation of paraprobiotic tempeh, especially in starter form, tend to improve depression symptoms. Keywords: depression, mice, paraprobiotic, tempeh

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats Depression-Like Behavior and Expression of p-ERK/ERK and p-P38/P38

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Yanling She ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Ruixin Zhang ◽  
Lixing Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

We investigate the antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on a chronic unpredictable mild stress rats depression-like behavior. In our study, depression in rats was induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and isolation for four weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal, Model, EA, and Sham EA. EA treatment was administered for two weeks, once a day for five days a week. Two acupoints, Yintang (EX-HN3) and Baihui (GV20), were selected. For sham EA, acupuncture needles were inserted shallowly into the acupoints: EX-HN3 and GV20. No electrostimulator was connected. The antidepressant-like effect of the electroacupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test, open field test, and forced swimming test in rats. The protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2)/ERK1/2 and p-P38/P38 in the hippocampus (HP) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrate that EA treatment decreased the immobility time of forced swimming test and improved the sucrose solution intake in comparison to unpredictable chronic mild stress and placebo sham control. Electroacupuncture may act on depression by enhancing p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Isolation Stress and Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress for the Establishment of Mouse Models of Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Seok Lee ◽  
Ji-Yun Kang ◽  
Chang-Gue Son
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Serum Corticosterone

This study aimed to help to understand the influence of stress on depression, which reflects the social environments of especially solitary life and the increasing prevalence of depressive disorders. To determine the distinguishable features of two-representative animal models of stress-induced depressive disorder, we compared isolation stress (IS) and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). After 4-week of stress, both models showed significant depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in an open field test (OFT; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.01 for UCMS), forced swimming test (FST; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.01 for UCMS), and tail suspension test (TST; p < 0.01 for IS, p < 0.05 for UCMS) along with alterations in serum corticosterone levels, serotonin activity in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) and microglial activity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (p < 0.05 for both parameters). In a comparison of the two stress models, IS strongly induced depressive and anxiety features, as indicated by all parameters: behavior test scores (p < 0.05 for OFT, FST, and TST), serum corticosterone levels (p < 0.05), immunohistological alterations for serotonin activity (p < 0.05) and microglial activity (p = 0.072). Our results indicate the suitability of IS for the development of animal models of depressive disorders and may reveal the medical impact of social isolation environment in modern society.

scholarly journals The selective 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists, F15599 and F13714, show antidepressant-like properties after a single administration in the mouse model of unpredictable chronic mild stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Głuch-Lutwin ◽  
Kinga Sałaciak ◽  
Alicja Gawalska ◽  
Marek Jamrozik ◽  
Joanna Sniecikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time

Abstract Rationale The prevalence of depression is ever-increasing throughout the population. However, available treatments are ineffective in around one-third of patients and there is a need for more effective and safer drugs. Objectives The antidepressant-like and procognitive effects of the “biased agonists” F15599 (also known as NLX-101) which preferentially targets postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors and F13714, which targets 5-HT1A autoreceptors, were investigated in mice. Methods Antidepressant-like properties of the compounds and their effect on cognitive functions were assessed using the forced swim test (FST) and the novel object recognition (NOR), respectively. Next, we induced a depressive-like state by an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure to test the compounds’ activity in the depression model, followed by measures of sucrose preference, FST, and locomotor activity. Levels of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) were also determined. Results F15599 reduced immobility time in the FST over a wider dose-range (2 to 16 mg/kg po) than F13714 (2 and 4 mg/kg po), suggesting accentuated antidepressant-like properties in mice. F15599 did not disrupt long-term memory consolidation in the NOR at any dose tested, while F13714 impaired memory formation, notably at higher doses (4–16 mg/kg). In UCMS mice, a single administration of F15599 and F13714 was sufficient to robustly normalize depressive-like behavior in the FST but did not rescue disrupted sucrose preference. Both F15599 and F13714 rescued cortical and hippocampal deficits in p-ERK1/2 levels of UCMS mice but did not influence the p-CREB levels. Conclusions Our studies showed that 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists such as F13714 and especially F15599, due to its less pronounced side effects, might have potential as fast-acting antidepressants.

scholarly journals Antidepressant like activity of Buspirone but not ondensetron in combination with Fluoxetine or Desipramine in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Veena Verma ◽  
Biswadeep Banerjee ◽  
Ashish K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Immobility Period

Background: The involvement of one or more 5-HT receptor sub-types in the pathophysiology of depression is still unclear. The study was performed to investigate the effect of ondansetron and buspirone on depression, and their interaction with fluoxetine or desipramine.Methods: The mice were administered ondansetron, buspirone alone and in combinations with fluoxetine or desipramine for 21 days, and the antidepressant effect was assessed by the immobility period and the sucrose consumption, on the tail suspension test (TST) and the chronic mild stress (CMS) models, respectively.Results: Both ondansetron and buspirone when given alone demonstrated slight non-significant decrease in the immobility time. Ondensetron when given in combination with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg; i.p.) and desipramine (15 mg/kg; i.p.), showed significant decrease in immobility time in comparison to the control group only. On the other hand, both the combinations of buspirone, either with fluoxetine or desipramine showed significant decrease in the immobility time when compared to the respective group. In CMS, the fluoxetine, desipramine, ondansetron, and buspirone showed gradual increase in the sucrose consumption, at the end of 4th, 5th, and 6th week, but the significant effect was observed only at the end of 6th week, as compared to the control. The combination of buspirone with desipramine but not with fluoxetine showed significant increase in sucrose consumption when compared to respective group.Conclusions: Therefore, the study indicates that both buspirone and ondansetron have a potential antidepressant like action, although buspirone has shown better antidepressant activity than ondansetron as observed in various combination groups.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antidepressant-like Effects and Action Mechanisms of GSB-106, a Small Molecule, Affecting the TrkB Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13381
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Vakhitova ◽  
Tatiana S. Kalinina ◽  
Liana F. Zainullina ◽  
Anastasiya Yu. Lusta ◽  
Anna V. Volkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Porsolt Test ◽  
Action Mechanisms

Induction of BDNF-TrkB signaling is associated with the action mechanisms of conventional and fast-acting antidepressants. GSB-106, developed as a small dimeric dipeptide mimetic of BDNF, was previously shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in the mouse Porsolt test, tail suspension test, Nomura water wheel test, in the chronic social defeat stress model and in the inflammation-induced model of depression. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of chronic per os administration of GSB-106 to Balb/c mice under unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). It was observed for the first time that long term GSB-106 treatment (1 mg/kg, 26 days) during ongoing UCMS procedure ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors in mice as indicated by the Porsolt test. In addition, chronic per os administration of GSB-106 resulted in an increase in BDNF levels, which were found to be decreased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice after UCMS. Furthermore, prolonged GSB-106 treatment was accompanied by an increase in the content of pTrkB706/707 in the prefrontal cortex and by a pronounced increase in the level of pTrkB816 in both studied brain structures of mice subjected to UCMS procedure. In summary, the present data show that chronic GSB-106 treatment produces an antidepressant-like effect in the unpredictable chronic mild stress model, which is likely to be associated with the regulation of the BDNF-TrkB signaling.

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