scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats Depression-Like Behavior and Expression of p-ERK/ERK and p-P38/P38

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Yanling She ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Ruixin Zhang ◽  
Lixing Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

We investigate the antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on a chronic unpredictable mild stress rats depression-like behavior. In our study, depression in rats was induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and isolation for four weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal, Model, EA, and Sham EA. EA treatment was administered for two weeks, once a day for five days a week. Two acupoints, Yintang (EX-HN3) and Baihui (GV20), were selected. For sham EA, acupuncture needles were inserted shallowly into the acupoints: EX-HN3 and GV20. No electrostimulator was connected. The antidepressant-like effect of the electroacupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test, open field test, and forced swimming test in rats. The protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2)/ERK1/2 and p-P38/P38 in the hippocampus (HP) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrate that EA treatment decreased the immobility time of forced swimming test and improved the sucrose solution intake in comparison to unpredictable chronic mild stress and placebo sham control. Electroacupuncture may act on depression by enhancing p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in the hippocampus.

Possible Involvement of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in the Hypothalamus in Depressive-Like Behavior of Rats Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Guan ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Mengxi Liu ◽  
Anji Sun ◽  
Xiaobai Li
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stat3 Pathway ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The interleukin-6/janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) pathway plays an important role in immune function, but little research has focused on this pathway in depression. We sought to examine the relationship between the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and depressive-like behavior. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm, a total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four matched groups: (1) control + vehicle, (2) CMS + vehicle, (3) control + paroxetine, and (4) CMS + paroxetine. We investigated the effects of CMS on depressive-like behavior by using the forced swimming test (FST). Subsequently, the mRNA levels of members of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway were assessed by qRT-PCR. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found that rats exposed to CMS displayed a significant increase in immobility time and a decrease in climbing time in the FST. Moreover, mRNA levels of IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 in the hypothalamus were increased following CMS. We also found that mRNA levels of IL-6, JAK2, and STAT3 were normalized by paroxetine administration, which coincided with normalization of the depressive-like behavior. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway may be activated in depression, and targeting this pathway may provide a novel effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Prevents Depression via Alleviating Hippocampus Injury in Chronic Stressed Depression Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jie Kang ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Yongchang Duan ◽  
Lin Zhai ◽  
Lin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

(1) Background: Depression is one of the overwhelming public health problems. Alleviating hippocampus injury may prevent depression development. Herein, we established the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model and aimed to investigate whether aerobic exercise (AE) could alleviate CUMS induced depression-like behaviors and hippocampus injury. (2) Methods: Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (control, CUMS, CUMS + 7 days AE, CUMS + 14 days AE). Rats with AE treatments were subjected to 45 min treadmill per day. (3) Results: AE intervention significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive behaviors, e.g., running square numbers and immobility time assessed by the open field and forced swimming test, suppressed hippocampal neuron apoptosis, reduced levels of phosphorylation of NMDA receptor and homocysteine in hippocampus, as well as serum glucocorticoids, compared to the CUMS rats. In contrast, AE upregulated phosphorylation of AMPAR receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) hippocampus in CUMS depression rats. The 14 day-AE treatment exhibited better performance than 7 day-AE on the improvement of the hippocampal function. (4) Conclusion: AE might be an efficient strategy for prevention of CUMS-induced depression via ameliorating hippocampus functions. Underlying mechanisms may be related with glutamatergic system, the neurotoxic effects of homocysteine, and/or influences in glucocorticoids-BDNF expression interaction.

Clinical doses of citalopram or reboxetine differentially modulate passive and active behaviors of female Wistar rats with high or low immobility time in the forced swimming test

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gisela Flores-Serrano ◽  
María Leonor Vila-Luna ◽  
Fernando José Álvarez-Cervera ◽  
Francisco José Heredia-López ◽  
José Luis Góngora-Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test

scholarly journals Utility of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model in research on new antidepressants

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Pekala ◽  
Barbara Budzynska ◽  
Grazyna Biala
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress ◽  
Animal Model Of Depression

Abstract Unpredictable chronic mild stress model was developed as an animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. Essential for this model is that after prolonged exposure of tested animals to a series of unpredictable mild stressors, a condition similar to anhedonia develops, which is observed in the majority of depressive disorders. Unpredictable chronic mild stress model is used nowadays in numerous studies related to the neurobiological and biochemical changes associated with depressive illness. Their results confirm that chronic unpredictable mild stress induces in tested animals a number of changes, which reflect those seen in depressive disorders. Because the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress can be used in a more accurate diagnosis of the pathophysiology of depressive illness and expand knowledge of its pharmacotherapy, therefore research in this area has been continued all the time.

scholarly journals Alpha-terpineol: evaluation and pharmacological screening as an antidepressant agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e191101119571
Author(s):  
Amanda Fonseca Costa Assunção ◽  
Nícolas Davidson Sérvulo Rodrigues ◽  
Andreia Viana da Costa Sampaio ◽  
Karolinny dos Santos Silva ◽  
Laryssa Roque da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Objective: To evaluate the possible antidepressant effects of alpha-terpineol in rodents. Material and Methods: Depression levels were analyzed by comparing the total immobility time presented by the animals of the experimental groups in the test session, using the Forced Swimming Test and the Tail Suspension Test. The parameters of locomotion (central, peripheral and total) and motor coordination were evaluated in the Open Field Test and in the Rota Rod Test, respectively. In the second stage, the involvement of the noradrenergic system in the antidepressant action of alpha-terpineol in Forced Swimming Test was investigated. Results and Discussion: After performing the experimental tests, it was observed that the animals that received alpha-terpineol had reduced immobility time in Forced Swimming Test and Tail Suspension Test, compared to the other groups. In the Open Field Test and Rota-rod, the mice showed, respectively, good exploratory activity and motor coordination during the tests. In addition, the study of the Noradrenergic System proved to be a promising mechanism used during its antidepressant action. Conclusion: In view of the results of the experimental tests, alpha-terpineol presented similar responses to those found in other monoterpenes investigated in the literature. Thus, it is shown as a promising antidepressant to be used clinically in humans, with less side effects and low production cost.

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