Catalytic Production of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Actual Biomass

With the development of international activities of many companies, the question arises how to effectively organize control over international business projects. The difficulty of this control is due to the distance between the company's headquarters and foreign business projects. This study shows the features of the organization of remote control of international business projects by optimizing for their own needs different concepts, methods, types, approaches, stages, models, types of remote control, explores the pros and cons of remote control in different ways, the impact of cultural features on the implementation of remote control. Originality / value. The article analyzes when companies need to apply remote control, ways to improve remote control, compares the concept of remote control by international business projects, substantiates the feasibility of using different types of control (preliminary, current and final), offers new methods of remote control, analyzes different approaches to control , the stages of formation of the model of remote control over international business projects are investigated, the types of remote control and characteristics of companies and business projects are characterized, the involvement of different in detail, degree of coverage, frequency of control methods to optimize control of business projects is analyzed. remote control of the cultural characteristics of the host country (project location) and country of origin. Materials and methods. Theoretical materials of the organization of remote control are investigated and analyzed: economic literature (manuals and textbooks), scientific works (articles and theses). Different research methods were used: theoretical (material analysis and synthesis, generalization and explanation, classification, etc.), empirical (observation and description), systemic and functional.

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Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Klea Faniko ◽

Till Burckhardt ◽

Oriane Sarrasin ◽

Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽

Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Preferential Treatment ◽

Public Sector Employees ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Levels ◽

Women In Decision Making ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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“New Normal”: Analisis Penerimaan Menggunakan Balance Score Card

JARTIKA : Jurnal Riset Teknologi dan Inovasi Pendidikan ◽

10.36765/jartika.v3i2.303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 396-402

Author(s):

Maria Florentina Rumba ◽

Margaretha P.N Rozady ◽

Theresia W. Mado

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Normal Phase ◽

Physical Contact ◽

New Normal ◽

Face To Face ◽

Balance Score Card ◽

Score Card ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

The Impact

Abstrak: Kebiasaan manusia berubah karena adanya wabah COVID-19, hal ini berpengaruh ketika manusia masuk ke dalam fase new normal. New normal diartikan sebagai keadaan yang tidak biasa dilakukan sebelumnya, yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai standar atau kebiasaan baru yang mesti dilakukan manusia untuk dirinya sendiri maupun untuk bersosialisasi dengan orang lain. Kebiasaan baru ini pun menimbulkan pro dan kontra seiring dengan dampak yang timbul. Lembaga pendidikan tinggi merupakan salah satu yang merasakan dampak penerapan new normal. Perkuliahan yang selama ini dilakukan secara online/daring, akan kembali dilakukan secara luring/tatap muka, dengan tetap menerapkan protokol COVID-19 seperti mengenakan masker, menjaga jarak, mengenakan sarung tangan, serta tidak melakukan kontak fisik seperti berjabat tangan. Masalah yang muncul bukan hanya kecemasan orang tua terhadap anak – anaknya, tetapi bagaimana lembaga pendidikan tinggi mengatur segala sumber daya yang dimiliki agar memenuhi standar penerapan new normal. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerimaan terhadap kondisi normal yang baru menggunakan Perspektif balance score card. Abstract: Human habits change because of the COVID-19 outbreak, this affects when humans enter the new normal phase. New normal is defined as a condition that is not normally done before, which is then used as a standard or new habits that must be done by humans for themselves or to socialize with others. This new habit also raises the pros and cons along with the impact arising with the new normal. Higher education institutions are the ones who feel the impact of implementing new normal. Lectures that have been conducted online / online will be re-done offline / face to face, while still applying the COVID-19 protocol such as wearing a mask, keeping a distance, wearing gloves, and not making physical contact such as shaking hands. The problem that arises is not only parents' anxiety about their children, but how higher education institutions regulate all available resources to meet new normal implementation standards. This study aims to determine acceptance of new normal conditions using the balance score card Perspective.

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Situational Breakdowns

10.1093/oso/9780190922061.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anne Nassauer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Large Scale ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Social Outcomes ◽

Dynamic Processes ◽

Collective Decisions ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

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Glucuronides Hydrolysis by Intestinal Microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) Is Affected by Sampling, Enzyme Preparation, Buffer pH, and Species

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13071043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1043

Author(s):

Christabel Ebuzoeme ◽

Imoh Etim ◽

Autumn Ikimi ◽

Jamie Song ◽

Ting Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Preparation ◽

Reaction System ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Model Animal ◽

Fresh Feces ◽

Time Buffer ◽

Exogenous Compounds ◽

Activity Loss ◽

The Impact

Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds. Feces collection time, buffer conditions, interindividual, and species variations were evaluated by incubating the substrates with enzymes. The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. Fresh feces showed the highest hydrolysis activities. Sonication increased total protein yield during enzyme preparation. The pH of the reaction system increased the activity in 0.69–1.32-fold, 2.9–12.9-fold, and 0.28–1.56-fold for mouse, rat, and human at three different concentrations of wogonoside, respectively. The Vmax for wogonoside hydrolysis was 2.37 ± 0.06, 4.48 ± 0.11, and 5.17 ± 0.16 μmol/min/mg and Km was 6.51 ± 0.71, 3.04 ± 0.34, and 0.34 ± 0.047 μM for mouse, rat, and human, respectively. The inter-individual difference was significant (4–6-fold) using inbred rats as the model animal. Fresh feces should be used to avoid activity loss and sonication should be utilized in enzyme preparation to increase hydrolysis activity. The buffer pH should be appropriate according to the species. Inter-individual and species variations were significant.

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A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime

Nature Human Behaviour ◽

10.1038/s41562-021-01139-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amy E. Nivette ◽

Renee Zahnow ◽

Raul Aguilar ◽

Andri Ahven ◽

Shai Amram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Sudden Change ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Urban Crime ◽

Substantial Variation ◽

Different Types ◽

Time Series Analyses ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

AbstractThe stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.

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Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly ◽

10.1177/19389655211033527 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193896552110335

Author(s):

John W. O’Neill ◽

Jihwan Yeon

Keyword(s):

Service Providers ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Competitive Market ◽

Substitution Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Hotel Performance ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Location Type ◽

The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

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Double, triple or quadruple hits? Exploring the impact of cybercrime on victims in the Netherlands

International Review of Victimology ◽

10.1177/02697580211010692 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026975802110106

Author(s):

Raoul Notté ◽

E.R. Leukfeldt ◽

Marijke Malsch

Keyword(s):

Public Opinion ◽

Literature Review ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Public Discourse ◽

Moral Judgments ◽

Victim Blaming ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

This article explores the impact of online crime victimisation. A literature review and 41 interviews – 19 with victims and 22 with experts – were carried out to gain insight into this. The interviews show that most impacts of online offences correspond to the impacts of traditional offline offences. There are also differences with offline crime victimisation. Several forms of impact seem to be specific to victims of online crime: the substantial scale and visibility of victimhood, victimisation that does not stop in time, the interwovenness of online and offline, and victim blaming. Victims suffer from double, triple or even quadruple hits; it is the accumulation of different types of impact, enforced by the limitlessness in time and space, which makes online crime victimisation so extremely invasive. Furthermore, the characteristics of online crime victimisation greatly complicate the fight against and prevention of online crime. Finally, the high prevalence of cybercrime victimisation combined with the severe impact of these crimes seems contradictory with public opinion – and associated moral judgments – on victims. Further research into the dominant public discourse on victimisation and how this affects the functioning of the police and victim support would be valuable.

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Can Architectural Surfaces Capture Atmospheric Particulate Matter Like Trees? A Design Strategy to Mimic Leaf Traits

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7637

Author(s):

Taekyoung Lee ◽

Jieun Cha ◽

Sohyun Sung

Keyword(s):

Leaf Traits ◽

Design Strategy ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Porous Surface ◽

Base Surface ◽

Different Types ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽

Micro Morphology ◽

The Impact ◽

Cluster Pattern

Trees’ ability to capture atmospheric Particular Matter (PM) is related to morphological traits (shape, size, and micro-morphology) of the leaves. The objectives of this study were (1) to find out whether cluster pattern of the leaves is also a parameter that affects trees’ PM capturing performance and (2) to apply the cluster patterns of the leaves on architectural surfaces to confirm its impact on PM capturing performance. Two series of chamber experiments were designed to observe the impact of cluster patterns on PM capturing performance whilst other influential variables were controlled. First, we exposed synthetic leaf structures of different cluster patterns (a large and sparsely arranged cluster pattern and a small and densely arranged cluster pattern) to artificially generated PM in a chamber for 60 min and recorded the changing levels of PM2.5 and PM10 every minute. The results confirmed that the small and densely arranged cluster pattern has more significant effect on reducing PM2.5 and PM10 than the large and sparsely arranged cluster pattern. Secondly, we created three different types of architectural surfaces mimicking the cluster patterns of the leaves: a base surface, a folded surface, and a folded and porous surface. The surfaces were also exposed to artificially generated PM in the chamber and the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were recorded. The results confirmed that the folded and porous surface has a more significant effect on reducing PM2.5 and PM10 than other surfaces. The study has confirmed that the PM capturing performance of architectural surfaces can be improved by mimicking cluster pattern of the leaves.

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Digital Twin: Origin to Future

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi4020036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Maulshree Singh ◽

Evert Fuenmayor ◽

Eoin Hinchy ◽

Yuansong Qiao ◽

Niall Murray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Remote Access ◽

Physical Entity ◽

Industrial Systems ◽

Digital Twin ◽

Planning Optimization ◽

Different Types ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

Digital Shadow

Digital Twin (DT) refers to the virtual copy or model of any physical entity (physical twin) both of which are interconnected via exchange of data in real time. Conceptually, a DT mimics the state of its physical twin in real time and vice versa. Application of DT includes real-time monitoring, designing/planning, optimization, maintenance, remote access, etc. Its implementation is expected to grow exponentially in the coming decades. The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought complex industrial systems that are more autonomous, smart, and highly interconnected. These systems generate considerable amounts of data useful for several applications such as improving performance, predictive maintenance, training, etc. A sudden influx in the number of publications related to ‘Digital Twin’ has led to confusion between different terminologies related to the digitalization of industries. Another problem that has arisen due to the growing popularity of DT is a lack of consensus on the description of DT as well as so many different types of DT, which adds to the confusion. This paper intends to consolidate the different types of DT and different definitions of DT throughout the literature for easy identification of DT from the rest of the complimentary terms such as ‘product avatar’, ‘digital thread’, ‘digital model’, and ‘digital shadow’. The paper looks at the concept of DT since its inception to its predicted future to realize the value it can bring to certain sectors. Understanding the characteristics and types of DT while weighing its pros and cons is essential for any researcher, business, or sector before investing in the technology.

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