scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties and Intestinal Health Promoting Water-Insoluble Fiber Enriched Fraction Prepared from Blanched Vegetable Soybean Pod Hulls

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ling Huang ◽  
I-Ting Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

Different methods can be used to change the fiber compositions of food, and they consequently affect the physicochemical properties and physiological activities. The present study compared the effects of a blanching treatment on the physicochemical properties of water-insoluble fiber enriched fraction (WIFF) from three varieties of vegetable soybean pod hulls (tea vegetable soybean pod hull, TVSPH; black vegetable soybean pod hull, BVSPH; 305 vegetable soybean pod hulls, 305VSPH) and evaluated their effects on intestinal health in hamsters. Blanching may increase the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content of WIFF in the 305VSPH variety by solubilizing cell wall components and releasing water-soluble sugars. Thus, the WIFF in the 305VSPH variety after blanching may be composed of cellulose and pectic substances. The WIFF of the blanched 305VSPH (B-305VSPH) variety exhibited the highest physicochemical properties, such as a water-retention capacity (11.7 g/g), oil-holding capacity (9.34 g/g), swelling property (10.8 mL/g), solubility (12.2%), and cation-exchange capacity (221 meq/kg), of the three varieties examined. The supplementation of B-305VSPH WIFF in the diet resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower cecal and fecal ammonia; activities of fecal β-d-glucosidase, β-d-glucuronidase, mucinase, and urease; as well as higher cecal total short-chain fatty acids relative to other diets. In addition, microbial analysis suggested that fecal bifidobacteria growth was enhanced by the consumption of B-305VSPH WIFF. Therefore, B-305VSPH WIFF may be applicable as a potential functional ingredient in the food industry for the improvement of intestinal health.

Effect of boiling on nutritional, antioxidant and physicochemical properties of edible plants (Malva parviflora and Myrtillocactus geometrizans)

2021 ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Sandoval-Gallegos Eli Mireya ◽  
Arias-Rico José ◽  
Cruz-Cansino Nelly del Socorro ◽  
Ramírez-Ojeda Deyanira ◽  
Zafra-Rojas Quinatzin Yadira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Malva Parviflora

The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of boiling on nutritional composition, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, physicochemical and morphological characteristics of two edible plants Malva parviflora (mallow leaf) and Myrtillocactus geometrizans (garambullo flower). The plants had an important nutritional composition as carbohydrates (48-70 %), dietary fiber (36-42 %) and protein (13 %), as well as total phenolic compounds (468-750 mg GAE/100 g db) with a high antioxidant capacity. However, boiling originated the decrease of soluble compounds, carbohydrates, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and physicochemical properties. Plants changed to dark colors and physicochemical properties were affected, except to water retention capacity, oil retention capacity and viscosity, which had the same values in mallow leaves (raw and boiled), but increased water retention capacity in garambullo flowers, it may be by changes in the morphology observed. Therefore, is to suggest the raw consumption or with minimal cooking of these plants to avoid changes caused by thermal treatment.

Characteristics of variably saturated granular bentonite after long-term storage at near-field relevant temperatures

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valter ◽  
M. Plötze
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity

AbstractBentonite is a potential material for use in the engineered barrier of radioactive waste repositories because of its low hydraulic permeability, self-sealing capability and retention capacity. It is expected that bentonite would react at the elevated temperatures accompanying the radioactive decay in the nuclear waste. The presented study was started in order to improve understanding of the coupled influence of temperature and (pore) water on the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of bentonite during thermal treatment under near-field relevant conditions. Granular Na-bentonite MX-80 was differently saturated (Sr = 1–0.05) and stored at different temperatures (50–150°C) in a closed system. Upon dismantling after different periods of time (3 to 18 months), mineralogical characteristics, cation exchange capacity and content of leachable cations, as well as physicochemical properties such as surface area and water adsorption were investigated.The results showed a high mineralogical stability. A slight conversion from the sodium to an earth alkali form of the bentonite was observed. However, considerable changes in the physicochemical properties of the bentonite were observed, particularly by treatment above the critical temperature of 120°C. The cation exchange capacity decreased during heating at 150°C by approximately. 10%. The specific surface area dropped by more than 50%. The water uptake capacity under free swelling conditions showed a slight tendency to lower values especially for samples heated for more than 12 months. The water vapour adsorption ability in contrast drops by 25% already within three months at T = 120°C. These changes are mostly related to the variations in the interlayer cation composition and to smectite aggregation processes. The observed alterations are rather subtle. However, temperatures ⩾ 120°C had a remarkable negative influence on different properties of MX-80.

scholarly journals PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCHAR FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOIL HEALTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha A. ◽  
Vidhya A.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristic ◽  
High Water ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

Recent research suggests that biochar is a promising approach to minimize soil contamination caused by heavy metals and organic pollutants. It is also involved in the amendment of soil by altering the nutrients, pH and other factors. Through intensive literature review, this paper was aimed to better understand the selection of feedstock processes, preparation, and characterization of biochar. Wide variety of feedstock used for the biochar production based on the cost effectiveness, ease availability and they are ecofriendly to the environment. Among the thermochemical processes, pyrolysis is the promising techniques followed for the production of BC. The stabilization efficacy was mainly determined by cation exchange capacity, pH, and ash content of the biochar. The physicochemical characteristic of the biochar is analyzed using various methods such as SEM, FTIR, TGA and BET analysis. The surface area plays a major role in the metal sorption. The quality characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment varied greatly with the feedstock materials and the pyrolysis conditions. Biochar plays a great role in increasing the pH which helps the acidic soil region and its high-water retention capacity enhance the moisture level in the soil which enhances the microbial communities and its activity. Biochar becomes stabilized in the soil by interacting with soil particles. The inherent characteristics of the biochar as dictated by feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, interact with climatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature to influence how long biochar carbon remains stored in the soil. Due to its carbon sequestration in the soil, it helps in increasing the fertility of the soil and also enhances the crop yield.

Short-term steam treatment of MFC gel with and without water-soluble cellulose derivative

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Salla Hiltunen ◽  
Isto Heiskanen ◽  
Kaj Backfolk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Jet Cooking

Abstract Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with and without added CMC was exposed to short-term dynamic thermal treatment using a steam jet cooker. The effects of the elevated temperature (130 °C, ∼3 bar) and shear forces on the rheology, crystallinity index, UV/VIS adsorption and water retention were measured. Jet cooking increased the viscosity and gel strength of the MFC and MFC/CMC mixture but with CMC alone a slight decrease in viscosity was observed. The water retention capacity and crystalline indices of the MFC were not greatly affected by the short-term thermal treatment and shear forces, although a slight increase in the UV/VIS absorbance was observed.

scholarly journals SINTESA DAN KARAKTERISASI HIDROGEL SUPER ABSORBEN POLIMER (SAP) BERBASIS SELULOSA MENGGUNAKAN CROSSLINKING AGENT WATER-SOLUBLE CARBODIIMIDE (WSC)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lik Anah ◽  
Nuri Astrini
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were used as raw materials for synthesizing a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) hydrogel by solution polymerization techniques using of 2.5% water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) as crosslinking agent and 1% citric acid as catalysator. The  ratio of CMCNa to HEC at 1 : 1; 3 : 1; 5 : 1 and 10 : 1 were used as variable of process. The effect of monomer concentration on water absorbency and water uptake was studied. The swelling test showed that the highest water retention capacity (6.58 g/g) was reached at ratio CMCNa to HEC = 5 : 1 in 100 minutes and the deswelling test ( 61.47%) was reached at ratio CMCNa to HEC = 5 :1 in 120 minutes. PPA absorb hydrogel was used as standard with equilibrium swelling 123 g/g. The SAP hydrogel were characterized by infra red spectroscopy, and the result showed that there were some of structural changes in height of few bands of hydrophylic groups such as =C-H at 2930 cm-1, C-H antisym and sym at 2875 cm-1, H-bonded –OH at 2375 cm-1, -COO- antisym at 1600 cm-1 whereas C-O at 1025 cm-1.Keywords: hydrogel, SAP, swelling, crosslinking, WSCABSTRAKSuper Absorbent Polymer (SAP) hydrogel yang disintesa melalui proses polimerisasi Carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa), Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) menggunakan Water- soluble Carbodiimide (WSC) sebagai crosslinking agent telah dilakukan melalui teknik polimerisasi larutan (solution polimerization techniques). Pada percobaan awal telah ditetapkan konsentrasi monomer sebagai variabel proses yaitu CMCNa / HEC rasio = 1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 10:1 dan masing- masing rasio direaksikan dengan 2,5 % WSC dan 1 % asam sitrat sebagai katalisator. Pengaruh konsentrasi monomer diiuji dari kemampuan hasil gel yang terbentuk dalam menyerap dan mengikat air (water uptake) yang divisualisasikan sebagai swelling dan deswelling ratio. Hasil uji swelling menunjukkan bahwa derajat swelling tertinggi dicapai pada rasio CMCNa / HEC = 5:1 dalam waktu 100 menit dengan derajat swelling = 6,58 g/g. Hidrogel PPA absorb komersial digunakan sebagai standar pembanding dengan derajat swelling 123 g/g. Hasil uji deswelling menunjukkan bahwa persentase retensi air dalam gel adalah 61,47 % untuk rasio CMCNa / HEC = 5:1 pada 120 menit. Hasil karakterisasi gugus fungsi melalui analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan nyata antara selulosa awal dengan selulosa yang direaksikan dengan WSC. Pita serapan tajam untuk gugus fungsi =C-H berada pada bilangan gelombang 2930 cm-1 dan C-H antisym dan sym terjadi pada 2875 cm-1, H-bonded-OH pada 2375 cm-1, gugus fungsi –COO- antisym berada pada bilangan gelombang 1600 cm-1, dan C-O terjadi pada 1025 cm-1.Kata kunci: hidrogel, SAP, swelling, crosslinking, WSC

Distribution of Pest Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Species in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Canada)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem G van Herk ◽  
Robert S Vernon ◽  
Ted J Labun ◽  
Mika H Sevcik ◽  
Timothy D Schwinghamer
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Path Analysis Approach

Abstract We present findings of a general survey of pest wireworms in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba conducted from 2004 to 2019; the first such survey of the Canadian Prairie provinces since that published by Glen et al. (1943). Samples were collected from 571 farmland locations where crop damage from wireworms was observed or suspected, and a total of 5,704 specimens (3,548 larvae, 2,156 beetles) were identified. Most specimens (96.9%) were identified as Hypnoidus bicolor (3,278), Selatosomus aeripennis destructor (1,280), Limonius californicus (842), and Aeolus mellillus (125). This suggests that H. bicolor has replaced S. a. destructor as the predominant species and that the relative importance of L. californicus as a pest species has increased since earlier reports. Despite the relatively small number of specimens collected per location (approx. 10), H. bicolor and S. a. destructor, and S. a. destructor and L. californicus were frequently collected at or near the same location (within 1 km). We provide species records and incidence of co-occurrence at different spatial scales, discuss potential reasons for and implications of shifts in species composition, implications of species co-occurrence for managing wireworm pests in crop production, and outline pertinent research needs. A path analysis approach used to correlate incidence of the main species with various soil characteristics indicated that organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and water retention capacity all had a significant species-specific influence on wireworm presence.

scholarly journals Impact of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Microfluidization on the Techno-Functionality of Oat Bran in Suspension and Acid Milk Gel Models

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Natalia Rosa-Sibakov ◽  
Maria Julia de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Martina Lille ◽  
Emilia Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Oat Bran

Oat bran is a nutritionally rich ingredient, but it is underutilized in semi-moist and liquid foods due to technological issues such as high viscosity and sliminess. The aim of this work was to improve the technological properties of oat bran concentrate (OBC) in high-moisture food applications by enzymatic and mechanical treatments. OBC was hydrolyzed with β-glucanase (OBC-Hyd) and the water-soluble fraction (OBC-Sol) was separated. OBC, OBC-Hyd and OBC-Sol were further microfluidized at 5% dry matter content. Enzymatic treatment and microfluidization of OBC reduced the molecular weight (Mw) of β-glucan from 2748 kDa to 893 and 350 kDa, respectively, as well as the average particle size of OBC (3.4 and 35 times, respectively). Both treatments increased the extractability of the soluble compounds from the OBC samples (up to 80%) and affected their water retention capacity. OBC in suspension had very high viscosity (969 mPa·s) when heated, which decreased after both enzyme and microfluidization treatments. The colloidal stability of the OBC in suspension was improved, especially after microfluidization. The addition of OBC samples to acid milk gels decreased syneresis, improved the water holding capacity and softened the texture. The changes in the suspension and gel characteristics were linked with reduced β-glucan Mw and OBC particle size.

scholarly journals Addition of water-soluble soy extract and probiotic culture, viscosity, water retention capacity and syneresis characteristics of goat milk yogurt

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cristina Guimarães da Silva ◽  
Luiz Ronaldo de Abreu ◽  
Giovana Maria Pereira Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Soybean Extract

Yogurts from goat milk were elaborated and water-soluble soybean extract (WSSE) and Bifidobacterium lactis probiotic culture added during processing. The characteristics of apparent viscosity, water retention capacity and syneresis were analyzed during 29 days of storage and it was verified the influence of WSSE and the probiotic on these rheological properties. The suplementation of WSSE provoked an increase in the viscosity and water retention capacity of the yogurts while reducing the syneresis. The inoculation of the probiotic culture during elaboration of the yogurts did not significantly alter the rheological characteristics of the products. Therefore, the water-soluble soybean extract and the probiotic culture can contribute to the rheological characteristics of yogurts, besides the nutritional and functional improvement advantages already known with the use of these products.

scholarly journals Comparison of physiological effects of osmotic stress on two wheat genotypes

Botanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Elisaveta Kirova ◽  
Irina Moskova ◽  
Tania Kartseva ◽  
Konstantina Kocheva
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Selection Of

Revealing stress tolerance mechanisms in plants would contribute to the selection of crop varieties with a higher capacity for surviving in unfavourable environments. In this regard, it is essential to identify possible physiological features that might be beneficial for increasing plant resistance to stress. Two contrasting common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with different drought tolerance were subjected to 48 h treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol 8000, which provoked an extra degree of osmotic and oxidative stress as well as distinct physiological responses. Better water retention capacity in leaves and lesser extent of membrane injury found in cultivar ‘Guinness’ compared to cultivar ‘Niki’ correlated with increased osmotic adjustment by accumulating higher amounts of proline and higher antioxidant scavenging capacity in the former. Compared to soluble sugars and total free amino acids, proline contributed to a greater extent to preserving leaf water. It was speculated that such a combination of features would set a genotypic advantage for this cultivar, which could also determine better performance under drought conditions in the field.

scholarly journals Carbon capacity of gray forest soils in the Chechen Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Rustam Gakaev
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Common areas of research needed to measure soil carbon include: (1) the impact of forest management, (2) the impact of climate change, and (3) the impact of increased carbon dioxide. The organic matter of the soil has a great influence on the productivity of the site due to its effect on the physical (bulk density, water retention capacity), biological (microbial populations) and chemical (cation exchange capacity) properties of soils. Recently, there have also been claims of the benefits of dead wood for forest ecosystems. However, as with all nutrients, too much carbon in the soil can have negative consequences, especially with regard to nitrogen immobilization.

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