scholarly journals The Bio-Safety Concerns of Three Domestic Temporary Hair Dye Molecules: Fuchsin Basic, Victoria Blue B and Basic Red 2

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Shu-Fang Jin ◽  
Hua-Chao Li ◽  
Xiang-Yu Sun ◽  
Si-Qi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
3T3 Cell Lines ◽  
Nih 3T3 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ct Dna ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Hair-coloring products include permanent, semi-permanent and temporary dyes that vary by chemical formulation and are distinguished mainly by how long they last. Domestic temporary hair dyes, such as fuchsin basic, basic red 2 and Victoria blue B, are especially popular because of their cheapness and facile applications. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between permanent hair dyes and disease, there are few studies addressing whether these domestic temporary hair dyes are associated with an increased cancer risk. Herein, to ascertain the bio-safety of these temporary hair dyes, we comparatively studied their percutaneous absorption, hemolytic effect and cytotoxic effects in this paper. Furthermore, to better understand the risk of these dyes after penetrating the skin, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out examining the interactions between the dyes and serum albumins as well as calf thymus (CT)-DNA. The results showed that these domestic temporary hair dyes are cytotoxic with regard to human red blood cells and NIH/3T3 cell lines, due to intense interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA)/DNA. We conclude that the temporary hair dyes may have risk to human health, and those who use them should be aware of their potential toxic effects.

scholarly journals Association between Maternal Exposure to Chemicals during Pregnancy and the Risk of Foetal Death: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11748
Author(s):  
Tadao Ooka ◽  
Sayaka Horiuchi ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
Reiji Kojima ◽  
Yuka Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
The Relationship

Scarce knowledge is available on the relationship between maternal chemical exposure during pregnancy and foetal deaths. We studied the association of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths with occupational or daily maternal exposure to chemicals commonly used by pregnant women. Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, were used. The participants of the study were asked about the frequency of their use of gasoline, pesticides, hair dye, and chlorine bleach during the first and the second to third trimesters of pregnancy. We investigated the relationship between the frequency of the use of chemicals and foetal death. Of the 104,065 foetuses, 923 (0.91%) were spontaneous abortions and 379 (0.37%) were stillbirths. Any type of exposure during the first trimester was not significantly associated with spontaneous abortions. Nevertheless, a more than weekly occupational use of hair dye from the first to the second/third trimester was significantly associated with stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that the frequent use of hair dye during pregnancy can have severe adverse effects on the foetus. These findings can help pregnant women, especially hairdressers, refrain from the continuous use of hair dyes.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

scholarly journals Modulation of the transport of a lysosomal enzyme by PDGF.

1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Prence ◽  
J M Dong ◽  
G G Sahagian
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Control Level ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Lysosomal Protease ◽  
Affinity Ligand ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Nih 3T3 ◽  
The Relationship

The major excreted protein (MEP) of transformed mouse fibroblasts is the lysosomal protease, cathepsin L. MEP is also secreted by untransformed mouse cells in response to growth factors and tumor promoters, and is thought to play a role in cell growth and transformation. To determine the relationship between MEP synthesis and MEP secretion, we have examined these events in PDGF-treated NIH 3T3 cells. PDGF enhanced MEP synthesis and caused the diversion of MEP from the lysosomal delivery pathway to a secretory pathway. These two effects were found to be regulated independently at various times after growth factor addition. Short PDGF treatments (0.5 or 1 h) resulted in quantitative secretion of MEP although synthesis was near the control level. High levels of both synthesis and secretion occurred between 2 and 14 h of PDGF treatment. Between 18 and 30 h, the amount of secreted MEP returned to the low control level even though synthesis remained elevated. The secretion was specific for MEP; other lysosomal enzymes were not found in the media from PDGF-treated cells. PDGF-induced secretion of MEP was inhibited 84% by cycloheximide, suggesting that protein synthesis is required to elicit this effect. PDGF also caused a time-dependent increase in mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptor-mediated endocytosis. These data support a model in which PDGF alters the distribution of Man-6-P receptors such that the Golgi concentration of receptors becomes limiting, thereby causing the selective secretion of the low affinity ligand, MEP.

Cu(ii)-induced twisting of the biphenyl core: exploring the effect of structure and coordination environment of biphenyl-based chiral copper(ii) complexes on interaction with calf-thymus DNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (46) ◽  
pp. 20275-20284
Author(s):  
Soumen Ghosh ◽  
Mehebub Ali Khan ◽  
Arghyadeep Bhattacharyya ◽  
Md. Akhtarul Alam ◽  
Ennio Zangrando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optically Active ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Coordination Environment ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Ct Dna ◽  
Effect Of Structure

Biphenyl core-based clip-like receptors get twisted after complexation with Cu2+. The extent of interaction of the optically active complexes with ct-DNA varies depending on the structure and coordination environment.

Interaction of a synthesized pyrene based fluorescent probe with CT-DNA: spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modeling studies

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (96) ◽  
pp. 93335-93342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Ghosh ◽  
Abdulla Al Masum ◽  
Aniruddha Ganguly ◽  
Md. Akhtarul Alam ◽  
Md. Maidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Molecular Modeling Studies ◽  
Ct Dna

The present study demonstrates the synthesis of a new pyrene based water soluble fluorescent probe and its interaction with Calf-thymus DNA.

Local Side Effects Caused by Hair Dye Use in Females: Cross-sectional Survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Alghamdi ◽  
Noura A. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Skin Redness ◽  
Local Side

Background: Despite its association with a number of side effects, hair dye use is common worldwide. Objective: To explore the local side effects of hair dye use and to relate these effects to features of hair dyeing. Methods: A questionnaire about hair dye use was distributed to a random sample of 650 female patients at various outpatient clinics in 2008. Results: A total of 567 females returned the questionnaire (87.2% response rate). Of these respondents, 82.6% (464 of 562) had used hair dye products in the past. The mean age at first use was 22.23 ± 7.05 years, and the median time between two consecutive dyes was 6 months. Of these respondents, 76.8% (354 of 461) used permanent dyes. Participants reported that they suffered skin redness caused by hair dyes (15.1%, 65 of 431), had scaling (14.4%, 60 of 417), or had itchiness (31.3%, 134 of 428). In addition, 74% (262 of 354) of the participants reported that they had issues with the texture or condition of hair following hair dye use; 77.7% (314 of 404) reported split ends, whereas 69.6% (273 of 392) reported hair dryness, 69.4% (256 of 369) lusterless hair, 77.2% (308 of 399) excessive hair loss, and 53.6% (210 of 392) excessive hair graying. Furthermore, 55.1% (196 of 356) of the participants reported a slowing of hair growth. The total number of hair dyeing events was associated with increased hair loss (p = .04) and excessive graying (p < .001) after controlling for all relevant variables. Conclusion: Hair dye is associated with local side effects to the skin and hair. Increased public awareness of these risks could help inform consumer choices and reduce excessive use.

scholarly journals Effect of the H-2 gene complex rates of fibroblast intercellular adhesion

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Bartlett ◽  
M Edidin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
3T3 Cell Lines ◽  
The Relationship

The rate of collection of embryo fibroblast single cells by an embryo fibroblast monlayer was realted to the H-2 haplotype of the fibroblast monolayer. The rate was highest for the H-2s strains and lowest for the H-2k strains with all other strains examined being intermediate. As opposed to monolayers prepared from the A and C3H background animals, monolayers from B10 background mice only demonstrated an H-2 haplotype dependent rate differential after treatment with fetal calf serum or neuraminidase. The relationship that was seen between monolayer H-2 haplotype and rate of adhesion with embryonic monolayers was not observed with either congenic 3T3 cell lines or fibroblasts derived from adult tissues. It was further shown that the rate of single cell pick-up could be substantially reduced by incubating the monolayers with the appropriate polyspecific anti-H-2 antisera. The inhibition observed appeared to be directly related to anti-H-2 antibody binding and was not merely a function of ligand binding to the cell surface, as antisera directed against other fibroblast cell surface antigens did not significantly inhibit the adhesive rate. These results indicate a role for the H-2 gene complex in modulating fibroblast-fibroblast intercellular adhesion.

5 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of 2-Methyl-5-Hydroxyethylaminophenol

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-202
Keyword(s):  
Patch Testing ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Hair Dye

2-Methyl-5-Hydroxyethylaminophenol is used in oxidative hair dyes as a coupler at concentrations ranging from ≤ 0.1 to 5.0%. Only slight absorption was observed in skin studies. The LD50 of the ingredient in mice ranged from 2.5 to 3.84 g/kg. The ingredient was less of an irritant when tested alone than when tested in hair dye formulations. The compound is neither a mutagen nor a teratogen. 2-Methyl-5-Hydroxyethylaminophenol was classified as a nonirritant and weak sensitizer in human studies. Precautionary statements and instructions for patch testing are required on the label when used in oxidative hair dyes. On the basis of the available data included in the report, 2-Methyl-5-Hydroxyethylaminophenol is considered to be safe for use in the present practices of use and concentrations.

scholarly journals DNA Interaction Studies of a New Platinum(II) Complex Containing Different Aromatic Dinitrogen Ligands

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Shahabadi ◽  
Somaye Mohammadi ◽  
Robabeh Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Bathochromic Shift ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Quenching Mechanism ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Cyclic Voltametry ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Ct Dna

A new mononuclear Pt(II) complex, [Pt(DMP)(DIP)]Cl2.H2O, in which DMP is 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridine and DIP is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline, has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The binding interaction of this complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated using fluorimetry, spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, viscosimetry and cyclic voltametry (CV). UV-VIS spectrum showed 4 nm bathochromic shift of the absorption band at 280 nm along with significant hypochromicity for the absorption band of the complex. The intrnisic binding constant is more in keeping with intercalators and suggests this binding mode. The viscosity measurements showed that the complex-DNA interaction can be hydrophobic and confirm intercalation. Moreover, the complex induced detectable changes in the CD spectrum of CT-DNA. The fluorescence studies revealed that the probable quenching mechanism of fluorescence of the complex by CT-DNA is static quenching. The thermodynamic parameters ( and ) showed that main interaction with hydrogenic forces occurred that is intercalation mode. Also, CV results confirm this mode because, with increasing the CT-DNA concentration, shift to higher potential was observed.

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