scholarly journals Topical Application of Cinnamaldehyde Promotes Faster Healing of Skin Wounds Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago A.F. Ferro ◽  
Eliene B. Souza ◽  
Mariela A.M. Suarez ◽  
João F.S. Rodrigues ◽  
Domingos M.S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Infected Skin

Wound healing can be delayed following colonization and infection with the common bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While multiple therapies are used for their treatment, these are ineffective, expensive, and labour-intensive. Thus, there is an enormous unmet need for the treatment of infected wounds. Cinnamaldehyde, the major component of cinnamon oil, is well known for its antimicrobial properties. Herein, we investigated the effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. We also assessed its healing potential in P. aeruginosa-infected mouse skin wounds and the mechanisms involved in this response. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde reduced P. aeruginosa metabolic rate and its ability to form biofilm and to cause haemolysis. Daily topical application of cinnamaldehyde on P. aeruginosa-infected skin wounds reduced tissue bacterial load and promoted faster healing. Lower interleukin-17 (IL-17), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide levels were detected in cinnamaldehyde-treated wound samples. Blockage of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, the pharmacological target of cinnamaldehyde, abrogated its healing activity and partially reversed the inhibitory actions of this compound on VEGF and IL-17 generation. We suggest that topical application of sub-inhibitory concentrations of cinnamaldehyde may represent an interesting approach to improve the healing of P. aeruginosa-infected skin wounds.

scholarly journals Effects of ALA-PDT on the Healing of Mouse Skin Wounds Infected With Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Related Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yang Tan ◽  
Wentao Zhang ◽  
Weijiang Yang ◽  
Jiefu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Promote Wound Healing

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new method to eliminate microbial infection and promote wound healing. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by some studies; however, the mechanisms of PDT in wound healing remain obscure. We used mouse skin wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a research object to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). ALA-PDT treatment significantly reduced the load of P. aeruginosa in the wound and surrounding tissues and promoted the healing of skin wounds in mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining showed that ALA-PDT promoted granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and collagen regeneration and remodeling. After ALA-PDT treatment, the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) first increased and then decreased, while the secretion of growth factors (TGF-β-1 and VEGF) increased gradually after treatment. Furthermore, ALA-PDT affected the polarization state of macrophages, activating and promoting macrophages from an M1 to an M2 phenotype. In conclusion, ALA-PDT can not only kill bacteria but also promote wound healing by regulating inflammatory factors, collagen remodeling and macrophages. This study further clarifies the mechanism of PDT in the healing of infectious skin wounds and provides further experimental evidence for its clinical treatment of skin wounds infected by P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Contribution of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells to the Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Skin Wounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3931
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Tanno ◽  
Emi Kanno ◽  
Suzuna Sato ◽  
Yu Asao ◽  
Mizuki Shimono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Inkt Cells ◽  
Invariant Natural Killer ◽  
Natural Killer T

Chronic infections are considered one of the most severe problems in skin wounds, and bacteria are present in over 90% of chronic wounds. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently isolated from chronic wounds and is thought to be a cause of delayed wound healing. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, unique lymphocytes with a potent regulatory ability in various inflammatory responses, accelerate the wound healing process. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of iNKT cells in the host defense against P. aeruginosa inoculation at the wound sites. We analyzed the re-epithelialization, bacterial load, accumulation of leukocytes, and production of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In iNKT cell–deficient (Jα18KO) mice, re-epithelialization was significantly decreased, and the number of live colonies was significantly increased, when compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice on day 7. IL-17A, and IL-22 production was significantly lower in Jα18KO mice than in WT mice on day 5. Furthermore, the administration of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a specific activator of iNKT cells, led to enhanced host protection, as shown by reduced bacterial load, and to increased production of IL-22, IL-23, and S100A9 compared that of with WT mice. These results suggest that iNKT cells promote P. aeruginosa clearance during skin wound healing.

scholarly journals Topical Application of Ozonated Oils for the Treatment of MRSA Skin Infection in an Animal Model of Infected Ulcer

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Cecília Peirone ◽  
Rosa Capita ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽  
José A Marques-Magallanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Epidermal Regeneration

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common cause of morbidity in diabetic patients. One of the main pathogens found in these ulcers is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA often carries resistance to several classes of antibiotics and their infections are becoming harder to treat. Therefore, new alternatives are urgently needed. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the capacity of topical ozonated oil application on the treatment of early-stage skin infected with MRSA in an animal model. Ozonated oil was prepared from a mixture of oils subjected to a gas stream of O2/O3 mixture. Sixteen Wistar rats were inoculated by an intradermic injection of MRSA suspension, producing an abscess lesion. After 3 days, the skin epidermis was removed to open the wound. Group 1 received an application of oil mixture without ozone treatment and Group 2 received an application of ozonated oil. After the treatment period, skin was collected, colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria were quantified and the histological analysis of the skin was carried out. Skin samples from the control 1 and 2 had a bacterial load was of 1.1 × 105 and 5.7 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively. Group 2 showed better wound healing from mild to moderate epidermal regeneration. Topical application of ozonated vegetable oil in MRSA-infected skin in rats showed a small reduction of the bacterial load and better wound healing.

The early changes in mouse skin following topical application of a range of middle distillate oil products

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ingram ◽  
D. J. King ◽  
P. Grasso ◽  
M. Sharratt
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Middle Distillate

scholarly journals Selective Expression of a SNARE-Cleaving Protease in Peripheral Sensory Neurons Attenuates Pain-Related Gene Transcription and Neuropeptide Release

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8826
Author(s):  
Wanzhi Wang ◽  
Miaomiao Kong ◽  
Yu Dou ◽  
Shanghai Xue ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Nociceptive Neurons ◽  
Neuropeptide Release ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Peripheral Sensory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Chronic pain is a leading health and socioeconomic problem and an unmet need exists for long-lasting analgesics. SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are required for neuropeptide release and noxious signal transducer surface trafficking, thus, selective expression of the SNARE-cleaving light-chain protease of botulinum neurotoxin A (LCA) in peripheral sensory neurons could alleviate chronic pain. However, a safety concern to this approach is the lack of a sensory neuronal promoter to prevent the expression of LCA in the central nervous system. Towards this, we exploit the unique characteristics of Pirt (phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of TRP), which is expressed in peripheral nociceptive neurons. For the first time, we identified a Pirt promoter element and cloned it into a lentiviral vector driving transgene expression selectively in peripheral sensory neurons. Pirt promoter driven-LCA expression yielded rapid and concentration-dependent cleavage of SNAP-25 in cultured sensory neurons. Moreover, the transcripts of pain-related genes (TAC1, tachykinin precursor 1; CALCB, calcitonin gene-related peptide 2; HTR3A, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A; NPY2R, neuropeptide Y receptor Y2; GPR52, G protein-coupled receptor 52; SCN9A, sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9; TRPV1 and TRPA1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and subfamily A member 1) in pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated sensory neurons were downregulated by viral mediated expression of LCA. Furthermore, viral expression of LCA yielded long-lasting inhibition of pain mediator release. Thus, we show that the engineered Pirt-LCA virus may provide a novel means for long lasting pain relief.

scholarly journals IL-17C and IL-17RE Promote Wound Closure in a Staphylococcus aureus-Based Murine Wound Infection Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Linda Pätzold ◽  
Alexandra Stark ◽  
Felix Ritzmann ◽  
Carola Meier ◽  
Thomas Tschernig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Skin

The epithelial cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C) mediates inflammation through the interleukin 17 receptor E (IL-17RE). Prior studies showed a detrimental role of IL-17C in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated skin diseases (e.g., psoriasis). Here, we examined the role of IL-17C/IL-17RE in wound closure in a Staphylococcus aureus wound infection model. We demonstrate that wound closure is significantly delayed in IL-17RE (Il-17re−/−)- and 17C (Il-17c−/−)-deficient mice. There was no significant difference between WT, Il-17re−/−, and Il-17c−/− mice in the absence of infection. Deficiency for IL-17RE and IL-17C did not significantly affect the elimination of bacteria. IL-17C expression was increased in the epidermis of human S. aureus-infected skin. Our results indicate that the IL-17C/IL-17RE axis contributes to the closure of infected wounds but does not contribute to the elimination of S. aureus.

scholarly journals Biofilm/Persister/Stationary Phase Bacteria Cause More Severe Disease Than Log Phase Bacteria – II Infection with Persister Forms of Staphylococcus aureus Causes a Chronic Persistent Skin Infection with More Severe Lesion that Takes Longer to Heal and is not Eradicated by the Current Recommended Treatment in Mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Yee ◽  
Yuting Yuan ◽  
Cory Brayton ◽  
Andreina Tarff Leal ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause persistent infections clinically. Treatment for chronic S. aureus infections ranges from at least one week to several months and such infections are prone to relapse likely due to the presence of persistent forms of bacteria such as persister cells. Persister cells, which are bacterial cells that become dormant under stress conditions, can be isolated in vitro but their clinical significance in in vivo infections are largely unclear. Here, we evaluated S. aureus persistent forms using stationary phase cultures and biofilm bacteria (enriched in persisters) in comparison with log phase cultures in terms of their ability to cause disease in a mouse skin infection model. Surprisingly, we found that infection of mice with stationary phase cultures and biofilm bacteria produced a more severe chronic skin infection with more pronounced lesions which took longer to heal than log phase (actively growing) cultures. After two week infection, the bacterial load and skin tissue pathology, as determined by hyperplasia, immune cell infiltration, and crust/lesion formation, of mice infected with the more persistent forms (e.g. stationary phase bacteria and biofilm bacteria) were greater than mice infected with log phase bacteria. Using our persistent infection mouse model, we showed that the clinically recommended treatment for recurrent S. aureus skin infection, doxycycline + rifampin, was not effective in eradicating the bacteria in the treatment study, despite reducing lesion sizes and pathology in infected mice. Analogous findings were also observed in a Caenorhabditis elegans model, where S.aureus stationary phase cultures caused a greater mortality than log phase culture as early as two days post-infection. Thus, we established a new model for chronic persistent infections using persister bacteria that could serve as a relevant model to evaluate therapeutic options for persistent infections in general. Our findings connect persisters with persistent infections, have implications for understanding disease pathogenesis, and are likely to be broadly valid for other pathogens.

Barrier and Antibacterial Properties of 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate-Derived Wound Treatment Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Mertz ◽  
Stephen C. Davis ◽  
Alejandro L. Cazzaniga ◽  
Anna Drosou ◽  
William H. Eaglstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Wound Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Background: Besides enhancing healing, an ideal dressing should prevent invasion of pathogens and control the number of bacteria already present in the wounds. Objective: To evaluate the barrier and antimicrobial properties of a cyanoacrylate-based bandage (LAB) against Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa on partial thickness wounds in swines. Methods: Barrier study: Bacteria were inoculated over test materials (LAB, standard bandage, air-exposed) that were placed over wounds. The bacteria from wounds were quantitated at 24, 48, and 72 hours postinoculation. Antimicrobial study: Wounds inoculated with bacteria were covered with LAB, standard bandage, or hydrocolloid bandage or left air-exposed. The bacteria recovered from wounds were quantitated at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Results: Barrier study: No bacteria were recovered from LAB-treated wounds. Antimicrobial study: LAB reduced the number of inoculated bacteria in comparison to all other groups. Conclusion: LAB is effective in protecting wounds from external bacterial invasion and reducing bacterial contamination.

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