scholarly journals New Advances in General Biomedical Applications of PAMAM Dendrimers

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Araújo ◽  
Soraya Santos ◽  
Elizabeth Igne Ferreira ◽  
Jeanine Giarolla
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
New Class ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Selective Delivery ◽  
New Research ◽  
Advanced Applications

Dendrimers are nanoscopic compounds, which are monodispersed, and they are generally considered as homogeneous. PAMAM (polyamidoamine) was introduced in 1985, by Donald A. Tomalia, as a new class of polymers, named ‘starburst polymers’. This important contribution of Professor Tomalia opened a new research field involving nanotechnological approaches. From then on, many groups have been using PAMAM for diverse applications in many areas, including biomedical applications. The possibility of either linking drugs and bioactive compounds, or entrapping them into the dendrimer frame can improve many relevant biological properties, such as bioavailability, solubility, and selectivity. Directing groups to reach selective delivery in a specific organ is one of the advanced applications of PAMAM. In this review, structural and safety aspects of PAMAM and its derivatives are discussed, and some relevant applications are briefly presented. Emphasis has been given to gene delivery and targeting drugs, as advanced delivery systems using PAMAM and an incentive for its use on neglected diseases are briefly mentioned.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates for Vaccine Development

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Colombo ◽  
Olimpia Pitirollo ◽  
Luigi Lay
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
New Research

During the last decade there has been a growing interest in glycoimmunology, a relatively new research field dealing with the specific interactions of carbohydrates with the immune system. Pathogens’ cell surfaces are covered by a thick layer of oligo- and polysaccharides that are crucial virulence factors, as they mediate receptors binding on host cells for initial adhesion and organism invasion. Since in most cases these saccharide structures are uniquely exposed on the pathogen surface, they represent attractive targets for vaccine design. Polysaccharides isolated from cell walls of microorganisms and chemically conjugated to immunogenic proteins have been used as antigens for vaccine development for a range of infectious diseases. However, several challenges are associated with carbohydrate antigens purified from natural sources, such as their difficult characterization and heterogeneous composition. Consequently, glycoconjugates with chemically well-defined structures, that are able to confer highly reproducible biological properties and a better safety profile, are at the forefront of vaccine development. Following on from our previous review on the subject, in the present account we specifically focus on the most recent advances in the synthesis and preliminary immunological evaluation of next generation glycoconjugate vaccines designed to target bacterial and fungal infections that have been reported in the literature since 2011.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Bacteria-Derived Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Jonathan David Hinchliffe ◽  
Alakananda Parassini Parassini Madappura ◽  
Syed Mohammad Daniel Syed Mohamed ◽  
Ipsita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
New Research ◽  
Biological Methods

Plastics have found widespread use in the fields of cosmetic, engineering, and medical sciences due to their wide-ranging mechanical and physical properties, as well as suitability in biomedical applications. However, in the light of the environmental cost of further upscaling current methods of synthesizing many plastics, work has recently focused on the manufacture of these polymers using biological methods (often bacterial fermentation), which brings with them the advantages of both low temperature synthesis and a reduced reliance on potentially toxic and non-eco-friendly compounds. This can be seen as a boon in the biomaterials industry, where there is a need for highly bespoke, biocompatible, processable polymers with unique biological properties, for the regeneration and replacement of a large number of tissue types, following disease. However, barriers still remain to the mass-production of some of these polymers, necessitating new research. This review attempts a critical analysis of the contemporary literature concerning the use of a number of bacteria-derived polymers in the context of biomedical applications, including the biosynthetic pathways and organisms involved, as well as the challenges surrounding their mass production. This review will also consider the unique properties of these bacteria-derived polymers, contributing to bioactivity, including antibacterial properties, oxygen permittivity, and properties pertaining to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Finally, the review will select notable examples in literature to indicate future directions, should the aforementioned barriers be addressed, as well as improvements to current bacterial fermentation methods that could help to address these barriers.

scholarly journals From mammoths to materials: synthetic biology moves into the biomaterial space

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Michael R. Behrens ◽  
Warren C. Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Research ◽  
Societal Problems

Synthetic biology is a relatively new research field that employs synthetic recombinant DNA technologies to engineer capabilities for addressing a wide variety of scientific and societal problems. We highlight a few noteworthy projects and achievements spanning the field of synthetic biology. In particular, some of the ways synthetic biological tools have been used to create novel biomaterials. Biological systems, like cells or larger organisms, can be made not only to synthesize new biomaterials but also to act as biomaterial constituents themselves, imbuing the materials with useful biological properties like the ability to respond dynamically to environmental cues. Looking into the future, there are many promising research directions synthetic biologists can take to develop tomorrow's biomaterials.

Wspólnota semantyczno-leksykalna języków europejskich. O monografii: А.А. Кретов, О.М. Воевудская, И.А. Меркулова, В.Т. Титов, Единство Европы по данным лексики (Воронеж: Издательский дом ВГУ, 2016, ss. 413 [1])

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (XXIII) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theoretical Linguistics ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
New Research

This article outlines the original research concept developed and applied by the Voronezh researchers, which brought both quantitative and qualitative results to the field of linguistic comparative research. Their monograph is devoted to the macrotypological unity of the lexical semantics of the languages in Europe. In addition, semantic stratification of Russian and Polish lexis has been analyzed. Their research concept is now known as the “lexical-semantic macrotypological school of Voronezh.” Representatives of this school have created a new research field in theoretical linguistics – a lexical-semantic language macrotypology as a branch of linguistic typology. The monograph has been widely discussed and reviewed in Russia.

Judicial geography as a legal science and academic discipline

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Almaz F. Abdulvaliev
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
New Research

This article presents the conceptual foundations for the formation of a new research field “Judicial Geography”, including the prerequisites for its creation, academic, and theoretical development, both in Russia and abroad. The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of applying geographical methods and means in criminal law, criminal procedure, and in judicial activity in general via the academic direction “Judicial Geography”. The author describes in detail the main elements of judicial geography and its role and significance for such legal sciences, as criminal law, criminal procedure, criminalistics, and criminology among others. The employed research methods allow showing the main vectors of the development of judicial geography, taking into account the previous achievements of Russian and worldwide academics. The author indicates the role and place of judicial geography in the system of legal sciences. This study suggests a concept of using scientific geographical methods in the study of various legal phenomena of a criminal and criminal-procedural nature when considering the idea of building judicial bodies and judicial instances, taking into account geographical and climatic factors. In this regard, the author advises to introduce the special course “Judicial Geography”, which would allow law students to study the specifics of the activities of the judiciary and preliminary investigation authorities from a geographical point of view, as well as to use various geographical methods, including the mapping method, in educational and practical activities. The author concludes that forensic geography may become a new milestone for subsequent scientific research in geography and jurisprudence.

Conjugates of Classical DNA/RNA Binder with Nucleobase: Chemical, Biochemical and Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 5609-5624
Author(s):  
Dijana Saftić ◽  
Željka Ban ◽  
Josipa Matić ◽  
Lidija-Marija Tumirv ◽  
Ivo Piantanida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
New Class ◽  
Rna Targets ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Structural Aspects

: Among the most intensively studied classes of small molecules (molecular weight < 650) in biomedical research are small molecules that non-covalently bind to DNA/RNA, and another intensively studied class is nucleobase derivatives. Both classes have been intensively elaborated in many books and reviews. However, conjugates consisting of DNA/RNA binder covalently linked to nucleobase are much less studied and have not been reviewed in the last two decades. Therefore, this review summarized reports on the design of classical DNA/RNA binder – nucleobase conjugates, as well as data about their interactions with various DNA or RNA targets, and even in some cases protein targets are involved. According to these data, the most important structural aspects of selective or even specific recognition between small molecule and target are proposed, and where possible related biochemical and biomedical aspects were discussed. The general conclusion is that this, rather new class of molecules showed an amazing set of recognition tools for numerous DNA or RNA targets in the last two decades, as well as few intriguing in vitro and in vivo selectivities. Several lead research lines show promising advancements toward either novel, highly selective markers or bioactive, potentially druggable molecules.

Recent Advances in 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1041
Author(s):  
Divya Utreja ◽  
Jagdish Kaur ◽  
Komalpreet Kaur ◽  
Palak Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
New Class ◽  
Triazine Derivatives

Triazine, one of the nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds has attracted the considerable interest of researchers due to the vast array of biological properties such as anti-viral, antitumor, anti-convulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-depressant, herbicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities offered by it. Various antibacterial agents have been synthesized by researchers to curb bacterial diseases but due to rapid development in drug resistance, tolerance and side effects, there had always been a need for the synthesis of a new class of antibacterial agents that would exhibit improved pharmacological action. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the various methods for the synthesis of triazine derivatives and their antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry: Quantification of Human Enamel Apatite in Context for New Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kuczumow ◽  
Renata Chałas ◽  
Jakub Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Maciej Jarzębski
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
New Class ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Linear Profiles ◽  
Resistant Form ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Stable Core ◽  
Nanoscale Level

A series of linear profiles of the elements of the enamel in human molar teeth were made with the use of an electron microprobe and a Raman microscope. It is postulated that the enamel can be treated as the superposition of variable “overbuilt” enamel on the stable “core” enamel at the macro-, micro- and nanoscale level. The excessive values characterize the “overbuilt enamel”. All the profiles of excessive parameters along the enamel thickness from the enamel surface to the dentin enamel junction (DEJ) can be approximated very precisely with the use of exponential functions, where Ca, P, Cl and F spatial profiles are decaying while Mg, Na, K and CO32− ones are growing distributions. The “overbuilt” apatite formed on the boundary with DEJ, enriched in Na, Mg, OH and carbonates, reacts continuously with Ca, Cl and F, passing into an acid-resistant form of the “overbuilt” enamel. The apparent phases arriving in boundary regions of the “overbuilt enamel” were proposed. Microdiffraction measurements reveal relative variation of energy levels during enamel transformations. Our investigations are the milestones for a further new class of biomaterial and nanomaterial development for biomedical applications.

MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots exposure causes neurotoxic effects in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by affecting the transporters and receptors of glutamate, serotonin and dopamine at the genetic level, or by increasing ROS, or both

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 20460-20473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Wu ◽  
Keyu He ◽  
Qinglin Zhan ◽  
Shengjun Ang ◽  
Jiali Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cdte Quantum Dots ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Genetic Level

As quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in biomedical applications, the number of studies focusing on their biological properties is increasing.

scholarly journals Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 113908
Author(s):  
Hadeel Kheraldine ◽  
Ousama Rachid ◽  
Abdella M Habib ◽  
Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa ◽  
Ibrahim F. Benter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Potential
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