scholarly journals Expression of Genes Related to Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Different Organs of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora

Molecules ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Yun-Ji Park ◽  
Sang Un Park ◽  
Sang-Won Lee ◽  
Seong-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ixeris Dentata

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jiao Li ◽  
Jian-Li Yang ◽  
Bing Hao ◽  
Ying-Chun Lu ◽  
Zhi-Long Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Major Storage Protein

Abstract Background Taproot thickening is a complex biological process that is dependent on the coordinated expression of genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb that is characterized by an enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms of taproot enlargement are poorly understood. Results A total of 29,957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during the thickening process in the taproots of P. notoginseng. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment revealed that DEGs associated with “plant hormone signal transduction,” “starch and sucrose metabolism,” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” were predominantly enriched. Further analysis identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, and Starch branching enzyme I) and metabolites (e.g., sucrose, glucose, fructose, malate, and arginine) that potentially control taproot thickening. Several aspects including hormone crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostatic regulation between sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism, were identified as important for the thickening process in the taproot of P. notoginseng. Conclusion The results provide a molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the further characterization of the genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10204
Author(s):  
Wen Bian ◽  
Xiaozhen Liu ◽  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
Hanyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Mapk Signalling Pathway ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Triploid Populus Tomentosa

Triploid Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr., Salicaceae) has stronger advantages in growth and better stress resistance and wood quality than diploid P. tomentosa. Using transcriptome sequencing technology to identify candidate transcriptome-based markers for growth vigor in young tree tissue is of great significance for the breeding of P. tomentosa varieties in the future. In this study, the cuttings of diploid and triploid P. tomentosa were used as plant materials, transcriptome sequencing was carried out, and their tissue culture materials were used for RT-qPCR verification of the expression of genes. The results showed that 12,240 differentially expressed genes in diploid and triploid P. tomentosa transcripts were annotated and enriched into 135 metabolic pathways. The top six pathways that enriched the most significantly different genes were plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signalling pathway-plant, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the betalain biosynthesis pathway. Ten growth-related genes were selected from pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms for RT-qPCR verification. The expression levels of MDH and CYCD3 in tissue-cultured and greenhouse planted triploid P. tomentosa were higher than those in tissue-cultured diploid P. tomentosa, which was consist ent with the TMM values calculated by transcriptome.

scholarly journals Metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular profiles underlying the ginseng response to rusty root symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbo Bian ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Shengyuan Xiao ◽  
He Yang ◽  
Yongzhong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Molecular Profiles

Abstract Background Ginseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. This disease leads to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. It has been shown that the occurrence of GRS is associated with soil environmental degradation, which may involve changes in soil microbiology and physicochemical properties. Results In this study, GRS and healthy ginseng (HG) samples were used as experimental materials for comparative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. Compared with those in HG samples, 949 metabolites and 9451 genes were significantly changed at the metabolic and transcriptional levels in diseased samples. The diseased tissues’ metabolic patterns changed, and the accumulation of various organic acids, alkaloids, alcohols and phenols in diseased tissues increased significantly. There were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the peroxidase pathway, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Conclusion The current study involved a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of GRS and HG samples. Based on the findings at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, a mechanism model of the ginseng response to GRS was established. Our results provide new insights into ginseng’s response to GRS, which will reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of this disease in ginseng.

scholarly journals Transcriptional reprogramming strategies and miRNA-mediated regulation networks of Taxus media induced into callus cells from tissues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Jin ◽  
Haoran Tao ◽  
Yamin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Taxus Media ◽  
Taxol Biosynthesis ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

Abstract Background Taxus cells are a potential sustainable and environment-friendly source of taxol, but they have low survival ratios and slow grow rates. Despite these limitations, Taxus callus cells induced through 6 months of culture contain more taxol than their parent tissues. In this work, we utilized 6-month-old Taxus media calli to investigate their regulatory mechanisms of taxol biosynthesis by applying multiomics technologies. Our results provide insights into the adaptation strategies of T. media by transcriptional reprogramming when induced into calli from parent tissues. Results Seven out of 12 known taxol, most of flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes were significantly upregulated in callus cells relative to that in the parent tissue, thus indicating that secondary metabolism is significantly strengthened. The expression of genes involved in pathways metabolizing biological materials, such as amino acids and sugars, also dramatically increased because all nutrients are supplied from the medium. The expression level of 94.1% genes involved in photosynthesis significantly decreased. These results reveal that callus cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming and transition into heterotrophs. Interestingly, common defense and immune activities, such as “plant–pathogen interaction” and salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signaling transduction, were repressed in calli. Thus, it’s an intelligent adaption strategy to use secondary metabolites as a cost-effective defense system. MiRNA- and degradome-sequencing results showed the involvement of a precise regulatory network in the miRNA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of calli. MiRNAs act as direct regulators to enhance the metabolism of biological substances and repress defense activities. Given that only 17 genes of secondary metabolite biosynthesis were effectively regulated, miRNAs are likely to play intermediate roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by regulating transcriptional factors (TFs), such as ERF, WRKY, and SPL. Conclusion Our results suggest that increasing the biosynthesis of taxol and other secondary metabolites is an active regulatory measure of calli to adapt to heterotrophic culture, and this alteration mainly involved direct and indirect miRNA-induced transcriptional reprogramming. These results expand our understanding of the relationships among the metabolism of biological substances, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and defense systems. They also provide a series of candidate miRNAs and transcription factors for taxol biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Transcriptional reprogramming strategies and miRNA-mediated regulation networks of Taxus media induced into callus cells from tissues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Jin ◽  
Haoran Tao ◽  
Yamin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Taxus Media ◽  
Taxol Biosynthesis ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction

Abstract Background Taxus cells are a potential sustainable and environment-friendly source of taxol, but they have low survival ratios and slow grow rates. Despite these limitations, Taxus callus cells induced through 6 months of culture contain more taxol than their parent tissues. In this work, we utilized 6-month-old Taxus media calli to investigate their regulatory mechanisms of taxol biosynthesis by applying multiomics technologies. Our results provide insights into the adaptation strategies of T. media by transcriptional reprogramming when induced into calli from parent tissues. Results Seven out of 12 known taxol, most of flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes were significantly upregulated in callus cells relative to that in the parent tissue, thus indicating that secondary metabolism is significantly strengthened. The expression of genes involved in pathways metabolizing biological materials, such as amino acids and sugars, also dramatically increased because all nutrients are supplied from the medium. The expression level of 94.1% genes involved in photosynthesis significantly decreased. These results reveal that callus cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming and transition into heterotrophs. Interestingly, common defense and immune activities, such as “plant–pathogen interaction” and salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-signaling transduction, were repressed in calli. Thus, it’s an intelligent adaption strategy to use secondary metabolites as a cost-effective defense system. MiRNA- and degradome-sequencing results showed the involvement of a precise regulatory network in the miRNA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming of calli. MiRNAs act as direct regulators to enhance the metabolism of biological substances and repress defense activities. Given that only 17 genes of secondary metabolite biosynthesis were effectively regulated, miRNAs are likely to play intermediate roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by regulating transcriptional factors (TFs), such as ERF, WRKY, and SPL. Conclusion Our results suggest that increasing the biosynthesis of taxol and other secondary metabolites is an active regulatory measure of calli to adapt to heterotrophic culture, and this alteration mainly involved direct and indirect miRNA-induced transcriptional reprogramming. These results expand our understanding of the relationships among the metabolism of biological substances, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and defense systems. They also provide a series of candidate miRNAs and transcription factors for taxol biosynthesis.

Molecular analysis of genes related to phenylpropanoid and ascorbate biosynthesis in salt and UV-B treated pak choi grown under LEDs

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Beom Yun ◽  
Hee-Jeong Jung ◽  
Md Abdur Rahim ◽  
Jong-In Park ◽  
Yong In Kuk
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

In this study, we measured the expression of genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway and ascorbate oxidation by qRT-PCR to explore the mechanism of nutraceutical compounds enhancement in pak choi during stress treatments. The expression of most phenylpropanoid biosynthesis related genes (PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, F3H1, DFR, and ANS1) was up-regulated in plants treated with NaCl, solar salt, and UV-B radiation, compared with the untreated controls under both white light and light emitting diode illumination. Moreover, CHS and ANS1 were expressed at levels 15 and 95 times higher than the untreated control. The expression of the ascorbate oxidation related gene tAPX was also up-regulated in the NaCl and UV-B treated samples compared with the control under both light conditions. By comparison, the expression of APX1 was down-regulated during the stress treatment under both light conditions. Total chlorophyll and total carotenoid contents were unaffected by the stress treatments, and there was no significant difference in the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) between the stress treatments and the untreated controls. These results suggest that the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and ascorbate oxidation correlates with the previously reported enhanced production of phenolic compounds in pak choi plants subjected to stress treatments.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Glucoside and Expression of Genes Related to Their Biosynthesis in Two Medicinal and Aromatic Species of Salvia subg. Perovskia

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Marta Stafiniak ◽  
Sylwester Ślusarczyk ◽  
Bartosz Pencakowski ◽  
Adam Matkowski ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

Salvia abrotanoides Kar. and Salvia yangii B.T. Drew are medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the subgenus Perovskia and used as herbal medicines in Asia. Derivatives of caffeic acid, mainly rosmarinic acid (RA), are the major phenolic compounds identified in these plants. Understanding the factors and molecular mechanisms regulating the accumulation of pharmacologically and ecologically relevant phenolic metabolites is essential for future biotechnological and medical applications. Up to date, no studies of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway at the transcriptional level has been performed in the Perovskia subgenus. Using a combined qRT-PCR transcriptional activity analysis with LC-MS based metabolic profiling of roots and leaves at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of vegetation season, we have identified the following gene candidates with properties correlating to phenolic acid biosynthesis in S. abrotanoides and S. yangii: PAL, C4H, 4CL, TAT, HPPR, RAS1, RAS2 and Cyp98A14. A comparison of phenolic acid profiles with gene transcript levels revealed the transcriptional regulation of RA biosynthesis in the roots but not the leaves of the studied species. Additionally, RAS1 and Cyp98A14 were identified as rate-limiting steps regulating phenylpropanoid biosynthesis on a transcription level. In the future, this will facilitate the gene-based metabolic enhancement of phenolic compounds production in these promising medicinal herbs.

scholarly journals Transcriptome survey and expression analysis reveals the adaptive mechanism of ’Yulu Xiang’ Pear in response to long-term drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246070
Author(s):  
Sheng Yang ◽  
Mudan Bai ◽  
Guowei Hao ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Huangping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

Pear is one of the most important economic fruits worldwide. The productivity is often negatively affected by drought disaster, but the effects and adaptive mechanism of pear in response to drought stress has not been well understood at the gene transcription levels. Using Illumina HiSeq 2500, the transcriptome from ’Yulu Xiang’ Pear leaves were sequenced and analyzed to evaluate the effects of long-term drought stress on the expression of genes in different biosynthetic pathways. Results showed that long-term drought stress weakened antioxidant systematization and impaired the synthesis of photosynthetic pigment in ’Yulu Xiang’ Pear leaves. The reduced light utilization and photosynthetic productivity finally resulted in the inhibited fruit development. The transcriptome survey and expression analysis identified 2,207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which were summarized into the 30 main functional categories. DEGs analysis showed that the enzyme genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis under drought stress were up-regulated, and the promoted process of phenylpropanoid synthesis may be beneficial to reduce the transpiration rate and increase water use efficiency of ’Yulu Xiang’ Pear leaves. Up-regulated malate dehydrogenase expression were also observed in drought stress groups, and the activated soluble sugar biosynthesis could be helpful to promote osmotic regulation and increase antioxidant capacity to enhance drought resistance of leaves. The mRNA expression of enzyme genes associated with hormones including ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were higher in drought stress groups than that in control, indicating a promoted cell proliferation under drought stress. Long-term drought stress significantly decreased photosynthetic productivity, and negatively affected development of ’Yulu Xiang’ Pear. Transcriptome survey and expression analysis reveals that the inhibited photosynthesis could be closely related with drought-induced lignification and hormones synthesis, and the present dataset can provide more valuable information to analyze the function of drought stress-related genes improving plant drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of LED lights on Expression of Genes Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids in Wheat Sprout

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Manh Cuong ◽  
Tai Wook Ha ◽  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Nam Su Kim ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Sprout ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
Hplc Analyses

Phenylpropanoids are naturally occurring compounds that exert beneficial pharmacological effects on human health. Phenylpropanoids can act as antioxidants and are involved in resistance to ultraviolet light and cancer; these compounds possess anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial activity, and aid in wound healing. The expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and consequent accumulation of phenylpropanoids in wheat sprout under conditions of stress, have not been extensively studied. This is the first study to examine the effects of light-emitting diodes (LED) on the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and accumulation of phenylpropanoids in wheat sprouts. Our results, obtained using qRT-PCR and HPLC analyses, indicate that white light (380 nm) was the optimal wavelength for epicatechin biosynthesis in wheat sprouts. Compared with the effects of white light, blue light (470 nm) enhanced the accumulation of gallic acid and quercetin, but decreased the levels of p-coumaric acid and epicatechin; red light (660 nm) increased the accumulation of ferulic acid at 8 day and p-coumaric acid at 12 day. Compared gene expression with phenylpropanoid content showed that TaPAL3, TaPAL4, and TaDFR maybe important genes in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in wheat sprout. This study provides insights into the effects of led lights on phenylpropanoid production in wheat sprouts. This knowledge will help improve secondary metabolite production in wheat sprouts.

609: Effects of Sirna and Phytoestrogen Treatments on the Expression of Genes Regulated through the Androgen Receptor of Lncap Prostate Cancer Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
Paul Thelen ◽  
Michal Grzmil ◽  
Iris E. Eder ◽  
Barbara Spengler ◽  
Peter Burfeind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Expression Of Genes
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