scholarly journals Large Scale Screening of Southern African Plant Extracts for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Microtitre-Plate Method

Molecules ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Elbagory ◽  
Christopher Cupido ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Large Scale Screening

scholarly journals Large Scale Screening of Southern African Plant Extracts for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Microtitre-Plate Method

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman M. Elbagory ◽  
Christopher N. Cupido ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
African Plants

The preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) involves a variety of chemical and physical methods. These methods use toxic and environmentally harmful chemicals. Consequently, the synthesis of AuNPs using green chemistry has been under investigation to develop eco-friendly nanoparticles. One method to achieve this is the use of plant-derived phytochemicals capable of reducing gold ions to produce AuNPs. The aim of this study was to implement a facile microtitre-plate method to screen a large number of aqueous plant extracts to determine the optimum concentration (OC) to bio-synthesize the AuNPs. Several AuNPs of different sizes and shapes were successfully synthesized and characterized from seventeen South African plants. The characterization was done using Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. We also studied the effects of temperature on the synthesis of the nanoparticles and measured its effect on the particle size of the synthesized AuNPs and the data showed that changes in temperatures affect the size and dispersity of the generated AuNPs. Further, some of the synthesized AuNPs were stable upon incubation with different biological solutions in vitro.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts as Beneficial Prospect for Cancer Theranostics

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6389
Author(s):  
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj ◽  
Bijuli Rabha ◽  
Siddhartha Pati ◽  
Tanmay Sarkar ◽  
Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Cancer Theranostics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely explored and are well-known for their medical applications. Chemical and physical synthesis methods are a way to make AuNPs. In any case, the hunt for other more ecologically friendly and cost-effective large-scale technologies, such as environmentally friendly biological processes known as green synthesis, has been gaining interest by worldwide researchers. The international focus on green nanotechnology research has resulted in various nanomaterials being used in environmentally and physiologically acceptable applications. Several advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis (simple, one-step approach to synthesize, cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility) have drawn scientists’ attention to exploring the green synthesis of AuNPs by exploiting plants’ secondary metabolites. Biogenic approaches, mainly the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles, have been chosen as the ideal strategy due to their environmental and in vivo safety, as well as their ease of synthesis. In this review, we reviewed the use of green synthesized AuNPs in the treatment of cancer by utilizing phytochemicals found in plant extracts. This article reviews plant-based methods for producing AuNPs, characterization methods of synthesized AuNPs, and discusses their physiochemical properties. This study also discusses recent breakthroughs and achievements in using green synthesized AuNPs in cancer treatment and different mechanisms of action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, leading to apoptosis, etc., for their anticancer and cytotoxic effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AuNPs therapeutic efficacy will aid in developing personalized medicines and treatments for cancer as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals A rapid and sensitive 125I-fibrin solid-phase fibrinolytic assay for plasmin

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
LA Moroz ◽  
NJ Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
Polystyrene Matrix ◽  
Low Ionic Strength ◽  
Large Scale Screening

125I-fibrinogen, adsorbed to polystyrene tubes at low ionic strength and treated with thrombin, serves as a substrate for a rapid, convenient, and sensitive test tube assay for plasmin and activators and inhibitors of this enzyme. 125I-labeled digestion products released from the 125I-fibrin-polystyrene matrix are readily separated and quantitated and behave, on gel permeation, in the same manner as plasmin-generated degradation products from an unlabeled conventional fibrin clot. The 125I-fibrin, in probable non-cross-linked form, is firmly bound to the polystyrene and is resistant to nonspecific release, with control (no enzyme) values equivalent to 15.2 ng +/- 1.2 (SD) fibrin (1% of the total bound 125I-fibrin). This fact permits consistent detection of lysis of 30–50 ng 125I-fibrin, which exceeds published sensitivities (1000–5000 ng) using 125I- or fluorochrome- labeled fibrin clots as substrate. The sensitivity for plasmin (0.2 mug/ml) is tenfold greater than that of the fibrin-plate method (2.0- 2.5 mug/ml), while sensitivities for streptokinase and urokinase activation of plasmin are 0.02 U/ml and 0.04 CTA U/ml, respectively (sensitivity of fibrin-plate method, 0.5 U/ml for both). The method provides a reasonable analogue of the solid-phase nature of fibrin under physiologic conditions, and the ease of preparation of large batches of tubes makes the method suitable for large-scale screening of factors modulating the plasminogen-plasmin system.

scholarly journals A rapid and sensitive 125I-fibrin solid-phase fibrinolytic assay for plasmin

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Moroz ◽  
NJ Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
Polystyrene Matrix ◽  
Low Ionic Strength ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Abstract 125I-fibrinogen, adsorbed to polystyrene tubes at low ionic strength and treated with thrombin, serves as a substrate for a rapid, convenient, and sensitive test tube assay for plasmin and activators and inhibitors of this enzyme. 125I-labeled digestion products released from the 125I-fibrin-polystyrene matrix are readily separated and quantitated and behave, on gel permeation, in the same manner as plasmin-generated degradation products from an unlabeled conventional fibrin clot. The 125I-fibrin, in probable non-cross-linked form, is firmly bound to the polystyrene and is resistant to nonspecific release, with control (no enzyme) values equivalent to 15.2 ng +/- 1.2 (SD) fibrin (1% of the total bound 125I-fibrin). This fact permits consistent detection of lysis of 30–50 ng 125I-fibrin, which exceeds published sensitivities (1000–5000 ng) using 125I- or fluorochrome- labeled fibrin clots as substrate. The sensitivity for plasmin (0.2 mug/ml) is tenfold greater than that of the fibrin-plate method (2.0- 2.5 mug/ml), while sensitivities for streptokinase and urokinase activation of plasmin are 0.02 U/ml and 0.04 CTA U/ml, respectively (sensitivity of fibrin-plate method, 0.5 U/ml for both). The method provides a reasonable analogue of the solid-phase nature of fibrin under physiologic conditions, and the ease of preparation of large batches of tubes makes the method suitable for large-scale screening of factors modulating the plasminogen-plasmin system.

Eco-Friendly Methods of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
Heba M. Fahmy ◽  
Amena S. El-Feky ◽  
Taiseer M. Abd El-Daim ◽  
Merna M. Abd El-Hameed ◽  
Donia A. Gomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Capping Agents ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Magnolia Kobus

Background: Owing to the importance of metallic nanoparticles, different researches and studies have been induced to synthesize them in many ways. One of the ways that paid attention last years is the green synthesis methods of nanoparticles or the so-called ''eco-friendly methods''. The most common sources that has been used for green synthesis of nanoparticles are plants, leaves, fungi and microorganisms. The green synthesis methods are widely used because they are inexpensive, usable, and nontoxic. Moreover, plant extracts are rich in reducing and capping agents. Methods: In the present review, green synthesis methods of gold nanoparticles (AuNps) using Chitosan, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Magnolia Kobus, Elettaria cardamomum (Elaichi) aqueous extract and other agents as a reducing/capping agents will be discussed in details. Moreover, we will make a comparison between different green routes of synthesis and the characterization of the obtained nanoparticles from each route. Results: The characterization and applications of the prepared GNPs from different routes are reviewed. Conclusion: The utilization of gold nanoparticles has been advocated because of their high biocomptability, administration in clinical applicability and in diverse aspects of life. It seems that plants are good candidates for nanoparticles production because they are inexpensive, available and renewable sources in addition, it is too simple to prepare extracts from them. Moreover, the great diversity in the types and amounts of reducing agents from plant extracts is responsible for the effortless generation of metallic nanoparticles of various shapes and morphologies.

Facile Synthesis of Gold (Au) Nanoparticles Using Cassia auriculata Flower Extract

2013 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dhayananthaprabhu ◽  
R. Lakshmi Narayanan ◽  
K. Thiyagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Versatile Tool

The green synthesis is the versatile tool to produce the nano scale materials. The present study deals with the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the Cassia auriculata flower extract. The complete reduction of gold ions was observed after 45 min of reaction under stirrer condition. The colour changes in reaction mixture (dark red colour) was observed during the reaction period because of the formation of gold nanoparticles in the reaction mixture enables to produce particular colour due to their specific properties (Surface Plasmon Resonance). The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed using UV visible spectroscopy, the size of the nanoparticles measured by using particle size analyzer. The morphology of the poly dispersed gold nanoparticles was studied using TEM, This green synthesis method is cost effective; and eco friendly technique to produce large scale production of Nanomaterials

scholarly journals Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extracts as reducing agents

2014 ◽  
pp. 4007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Zeiri ◽  
Paz Elia ◽  
Raya Zach ◽  
Sharon Hazan ◽  
Sofiya Kolusheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Reducing Agents

Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisue Pickering ◽  
William R. Dopheide
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Large Scale Screening

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.

Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5188-5204
Author(s):  
Uzair Nagra ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Kashif Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

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