scholarly journals A Review of Boron-Bearing Minerals (Excluding Tourmaline) in the Adirondack Region of New York State

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Bailey ◽  
Marian V. Lupulescu ◽  
Robert S. Darling ◽  
Jared W. Singer ◽  
Steven C. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Grenville Province ◽  
York State ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Boron Minerals ◽  
Metamorphic Terranes ◽  
Raman Spectral Data

Boron is a biologically important element, but its distribution in the natural environment and its behavior during many geological processes is not fully understood. In most metamorphic and igneous environments, boron is incorporated into minerals of the tourmaline supergroup. In high-grade metamorphic terranes like that of the Adirondack region of northern New York State, uncommon rock compositions combined with unusual and variable geologic conditions resulted in the formation of many additional boron-bearing minerals. This paper reviews the occurrences and geological settings of twelve relatively uncommon boron-bearing minerals in the southern Grenville Province of upstate New York and provides new chemical and Raman spectral data for seven of these minerals. The boron minerals range from relatively simple metal borates (e.g., vonsenite), to chemically complex borosilicates (e.g., prismatine), to a relatively rare borosilicate-carbonate (e.g., harkerite). Some are of primary igneous origin, while others are formed by a variety of prograde and retrograde metamorphic processes or by metasomatic/hydrothermal processes. Most of the boron minerals are formed within, or adjacent to, metasedimentary lithologies that surround the anorthositic massifs of the central Adirondacks. The metasedimentary rocks are thought to be the source of most of the boron, although additional boron isotope studies are needed to confirm this and to constrain the mechanisms of the formation of these unusual minerals.

scholarly journals Late Ottawan orogenic collapse of the Adirondacks in the Grenville province of New York State (USA): Integrated petrologic, geochronologic, and structural analysis of the Diana Complex in the southern Carthage-Colton mylonite zone

Geosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 844-874
Author(s):  
Graham B. Baird
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
New York State ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
Grenville Province ◽  
York State ◽  
Mylonite Zone ◽  
Ductile Shear Zones ◽  
Metamorphic Core

Abstract Crustal-scale shear zones can be highly important but complicated orogenic structures, therefore they must be studied in detail along their entire length. The Carthage-Colton mylonite zone (CCMZ) is one such shear zone in the northwestern Adirondacks of northern New York State (USA), part of the Mesoproterozoic Grenville province. The southern CCMZ is contained within the Diana Complex, and geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology demonstrate that the Diana Complex is expansive and collectively crystallized at 1164.3 ± 6.2 Ma. Major ductile structures within the CCMZ and Diana Complex include a northwest-dipping penetrative regional mylonitic foliation with north-trending lineation that bisects a conjugate set of mesoscale ductile shear zones. These ductile structures formed from the same 1060–1050 Ma pure shear transitioning to a top-to-the-SSE shearing event at ∼700 °C. Other important structures include a ductile fault and breccia zones. The ductile fault formed immediately following the major ductile structures, while the breccia zones may have formed at ca. 945 Ma in greenschist facies conditions. Two models can explain the studied structures and other regional observations. Model 1 postulates that the CCMZ is an Ottawan orogeny (1090–1035 Ma) thrust, which was later reactivated locally as a tectonic collapse structure. Model 2, the preferred model, postulates that the CCMZ initially formed as a subhorizontal mid-crustal mylonite zone during collapse of the Ottawan orogen. With continued collapse, a metamorphic core complex formed and the CCMZ was rotated into is current orientation and overprinted with other structures.

Effigy Pipes, Diplomacy, and Myth: Exploring Interaction between St. Lawrence Iroquoians and Eastern Iroquois in New York State

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Wonderley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
York State ◽  
Social Correlates ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historic Record

This article relates an archaeological “culture” of northern New York to the Eastern Iroquois nations through the evidence of ceramic smoking pipes that are about 500 years old. After categorizing the objects on the basis of distinctive but thematically related imagery, I observe that their distribution is suggestive of an interaction sphere linking the St. Lawrence Iroquoians of Jefferson County with the Mohawks, Oneidas, and Onondagas elsewhere in present Upstate New York. Later historic descriptions imply that these pipes were connected with diplomatic ritual conducted by male representatives of those communities. The resulting geographical occurrence might be the archaeological footprint of alliances antedating the famous League of the Iroquois. Bearing remarkably elaborate designs, these objects are among the most iconographically complex compositions preserved in the Northeast. All depict themes of emergence, and some may illustrate a more extensive myth asserting the common origins of several groups. Fragments of similar stories survive to this day and are among the oldest oral narratives documented among the Iroquois. My interpretations of both the behavioral/social correlates and the meaning(s) of these pipes derive from applications of the direct historical method, an approach tapping the unsurpassed richness of the Iroquoian ethnographic and historic record.

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