scholarly journals New Insights of Historical Mortars Beyond Pompei: The Example of Villa del Pezzolo, Sorrento Peninsula

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Rispoli ◽  
Sossio Fabio Graziano ◽  
Claudia Di Benedetto ◽  
Alberto De Bonis ◽  
Vincenza Guarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Campanian Ignimbrite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Roman Villa ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Sorrento Peninsula

The topic of this study is the archaeometric characterization of mortars from Villa del Pezzolo, a Roman Villa located in Seiano (Napoli-Campania, Italy), dated between the 1st century B.C. and the 3rd century A.D. Mortars were analyzed by means of a multi-analytical approach (polarized optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersed spectrometry, thermal analyses and mercury intrusion porosimetry) according to existing recommendations. Analytical results evidenced the use of local geomaterials composed of sedimentary and volcanic aggregates in the mix design and confirmed the three distinct building phases identified by archaeologists. Volcanic tuff fragments, identified in the 1st building phase can be ascribed to Campanian Ignimbrite formation, widely cropping out in the Sorrento Peninsula, as confirmed by the presence of glassy shards, partially devitrified and replaced by authigenic feldspar, a typical feature of welded grey ignimbrite lithofacies (WGI). Volcanic aggregates in samples of the 2nd and 3rd building phases show, instead, the presence of leucite-bearing volcanic scoriae and garnet crystal fragments related to Somma-Vesuvius products. Study of these mortars allowed us to: (1) understand the production technologies; (2) highlight use of materials with hydraulic behavior, such as volcanic and fictile fragments; (3) confirm the three building phases from compositional features of mortars and (4) highlight the change over time of the volcanic aggregate for mortars mix-design.

Microstructural characterization of biobased carbon foam by means of X-ray microtomography and compared to conventional techniques

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (98) ◽  
pp. 96057-96064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Merle ◽  
Pascale Sénéchal ◽  
Fabrice Guerton ◽  
Peter Moonen ◽  
Pierre Trinsoutrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Carbon Foam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mercury Intrusion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of this work is to compare three techniques for characterizing the morphology of porous bio-based carbon foam, namely mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography.

Characterization of Clay from Vale do Mulembá - ES

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Castoldi Borlini Gadioli ◽  
J.C.G. Correia ◽  
A. Caranassios
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
And Behavior

This work has for objective to characterize the clay from Vale do Mulembá-ES. The Vale do Mulembá is located in Joana D´Arc, Vitória in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. That clay is used in the production of the traditional clay pans of the State, what contributes to the economy of the area. The clay from Vale do Mulembá presents characteristics and behavior different from the other clays used for the production of clay pans. The characterization studies were carried out through chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, plasticity and thermal analyses (DTA, TGA). The results showed that the clay is typical kaolinitic, present relatively to the amount high of Al2O3 and high plasticity.

scholarly journals Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Photochromism of a Sandwich-Type Mono-Aluminum Complex Composed of Two Tri-Lacunary α-Dawson-Type Polyoxotungstates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Chika Nozaki Kato ◽  
Daichi Kato ◽  
Toshifumi Kashiwagi ◽  
Shunpei Nagatani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resin Column ◽  
Photochromic Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Complex ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Sandwich Type

The synthesis and molecular structure of a dimeric, mono-aluminum complex composed of two tri-lacunary α-Dawson polyoxometalates, [H14Al(B-α-P2W15O56)2]7− (1), is described herein. The tetra-n-butylammonium salt of 1, [(n-C4H9)4N]7[H14Al(B-α-P2W15O56)2] (TBA-1) was prepared by passing an aqueous solution of K6[B-α-H3P2W15O59{Al(OH2)}3]⋅14H2O through an ion-exchange resin column (H+-form), followed by addition of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide. Analytically pure and colorless crystals of TBA-1 were obtained via vapor diffusion from acetonitrile/methanol at ~25 °C. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that a six-coordinate aluminum ion was sandwiched between two tri-lacunary α-Dawson-type units, resulting in an overall C2h symmetry. The characterization of TBA-1 was accomplished by elemental analyses, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The photochromic properties of TBA-1 were also characterized in methanol under light irradiation (λ = 365 nm and ≥400 nm).

Comparative Study of Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers From Wheat Straw Obtained by Chemical and Chemi-Mechanical Treatments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nuruddin ◽  
Mahesh Hosur ◽  
Eldon Triggs ◽  
Shaik Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Transmission Electron

Objective of this work was to compare morphology, crystalline and thermal properties of cellulose nano fibers derived from wheat straw by two different processes (ball milling and acid hydrolysis treatment). The characterization of extracted CNFs was done by Scanning electron micrograph (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found from morphological, crystalline and thermal analyses that isolated cellulose nanofibers have diameter of nano meter ranges (10–25 nm), 68–80 % crystallinity and decomposition temperature of around 284–353° C, depending upon isolation techniques.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of magnetite-based silica nanocomposite

2004 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Popovici ◽  
Cecilia Savii ◽  
Daniel Niznanský ◽  
Jan Subrt ◽  
Eva Vecernikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnetite Phase

Sol-gel method and successive thermal treatments in vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere were employed to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles isolate them with the aid of amorphous silica. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, M?ssbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry measurements were performed on the obtained nanocomposites. The effect of atmosphere on the formation of magnetite phase was remarkable.

Preparation and Characterization of Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes with N-Benzyliminodiacetamide Derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven Smrečki ◽  
Vladimir Stilinović ◽  
Maja Merkaš ◽  
Andrea Lučić ◽  
Boris-Marko Kukovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular And Crystal Structures

The reactions of substituted N-benzyliminodiacetamides (o-CH3Bnimda, m-CH3Bnimda, p-CH3Bnimda, o-ClBnimda, m-ClBnimda, p-ClBnimda, p-FBnimda, and p-BrBnimda; o-CH3Bn = ortho-methylbenzyl, m-CH3Bn = meta-methylbenzyl, p-CH3Bn = para-methylbenzyl, o-ClBn = ortho-chlorobenzyl, m-ClBn = meta-chlorobenzyl, p-ClBn = para-chlorobenzyl, p-FBn = para-fluorobenzyl, and p-BrBn = para-bromobenzyl) with copper(ii) and nickel(ii) nitrate in aqueous solutions were investigated. Sixteen new complexes [Cu(o-CH3Bnimda)2](NO3)2⋅0.5H2O (1), [Cu(m-CH3Bnimda)2](NO3)2 (2), [Cu(p-CH3Bnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (3), [Cu(o-ClBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅H2O (4), [Cu(m-ClBnimda)2](NO3)2 (5), [Cu(p-ClBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (6), [Cu(p-FBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (7), [Cu(p-BrBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (8), [Ni(o-CH3Bnimda)2](NO3)2⋅H2O (9), [Ni(m-CH3Bnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (10), [Ni(p-CH3Bnimda)2](NO3)2⋅H2O (11), [Ni(o-ClBnimda)2](NO3)2 (12), [Ni(m-ClBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2DMF (13) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), [Ni(p-ClBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (14), [Ni(p-FBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅H2O (15), and [Ni(p-BrBnimda)2](NO3)2⋅2H2O (16) were prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses). The molecular and crystal structures of three complexes (2, 5, and 13) were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The octahedral coordination environments around the copper(ii) and nickel(ii) ions in complexes 2, 5, and 13 consist of two O,N,O'-tridentate iminodiacetamide ligands. The complexes are trans-isomers with fac-configuration of the chelators.

Characterization of iron oxide compounds in soils by Mössbauer and other methods

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kodama ◽  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
R. J. Tremblay ◽  
J. R. Gosselin ◽  
M. G. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forms Of Iron Compounds

Iron oxide compounds in 12 selected Canadian soil samples have been characterized by Mössbauer, X-ray, chemical, infrared absorption, and differential thermal methods. Chemical differentiation provides useful information about the forms of iron compounds present such as crystalline, amorphous, inorganic, and organic complexed iron compounds. X-ray diffraction methods can generally identify mineral species of crystalline iron compounds. However, detection limits of goethite and hematite, which are iron oxide minerals commonly present in soils, are about 7% and 10%, respectively. The Mössbauer method is especially useful for identification of small amounts of these iron oxide compounds which are far beyond X-ray detection limits. In addition, information about grain size of hematite and goethite, the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and characterization of the 'amorphous' fraction are also available from Mössbauer spectra. Infrared absorption and differential thermal analyses provide supplementary data concerning organic complexed iron compounds.Hematite content in the soils examined is always lower than 10%, but goethite content varies widely and coexistence of both minerals appears to be common.

Growth and Characterization of SnO2 Nanostructures by Vapor Transport Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 677 ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Inchidjuy ◽  
Ki Seok An ◽  
S. Pukird
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Tin dioxides (SnO2) nanostructure can be grown by vapor transport techniques through a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. The gas flowing have been effect on the evolution of various sizes and shapes of nanostructure materials. The crystalline structures of SnO2materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. XRD patterns of samples exhibited tetragonal phase. The characterization of synthesized products was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The controlling of process gas flow, showed the various kinds of nanostructures such as nanobelts, nanowires and nanobars of SnO2. The Raman spectra of single-crystalline rutile SnO2nanostructures were studied, the vibration modes were observed corresponded to the typical feature of the SnO2nanostructure. A room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of SnO2material exhibited visible emission.

Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO3 Nanopowders and BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Gao ◽  
Doru C. Lupascu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Organic Precursors

ABSTRACTHighly stable, organic-based barium titanate (BaTiO3) sols were developed by the low cost and straightforward “organosol”-precipitation and auto-combustion process of amorphous organic precursors. BaTiO3/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites with core/shell structures embedded in a BaTiO3 matrix were also obtained using this process. The particles are systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and by laser granulometry for particle size distribution determination.

Syntheses, Spectral, Thermal And Structural Characterization Of 2-Hydroxyanilinium And 2-Amino-3-Hydroxy-Pyridinium Squarates

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Okan Zafer ◽  
Hümeyra Paşaoğlub ◽  
O. Ozan Yılan ◽  
Orhan Büyükgüngör
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Squaric Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Analyses

New salts of 2-hydroxyaniline and 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine with squaric acid were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses (TG, DTG and DTA). The crystal structures of bis(2-hydroxyanilinium) squarate, [(C6H8NO+)2(C4O4)2−] (1) and bis(2- amino-3-hydroxy-pyridinium) squarate dihydrate, [(C5H7N2O+)2(C4O4)2−] · 2 H2O (2) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c. The organic ammonium squarates decompose in two thermal steps

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