scholarly journals Underground Vertical Seismic Profiling with Conventional and Fiber-Optic Systems for Exploration in the Kylylahti Polymetallic Mine, Eastern Finland

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Riedel ◽  
Calin Cosma ◽  
Nicoleta Enescu ◽  
Emilia Koivisto ◽  
Kari Komminaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Eastern Finland

Seismic reflection methods have been used for the exploration of mineral resources for several decades. However, despite their unmatched spatial resolution and depth penetration, they only have played a minor role in mineral discoveries so far. Instead, mining and exploration companies have traditionally focused more on the use of potential field, electric and electromagnetic methods. In this context, we present a case study of an underground Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) experiment, which was designed to image a (semi-)massive sulfide deposit located in the Kylylahti polymetallic mine in eastern Finland. For the measurement, we used a conventional VSP with three-component geophones and a novel fiber-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system. Both systems were deployed in boreholes located nearby the target sulfide deposit, and used in combination with an active seismic source that was fired from within the underground tunnels. With this setup, we successfully recorded seismic reflections from the deposit and its nearby geological contrasts. The recording systems provided data with a good signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial resolution. In addition to the measurements, we generated a realistic synthetic dataset based on a detailed geological model derived from extensive drilling data and petrophysical laboratory analysis. Specific processing and imaging of the acquired and synthetic datasets yielded high-resolution reflectivity images. Joint analysis of these images and cross-validation with lithological logging data from 135 nearby boreholes led to successful interpretation of key geological contacts including the target sulfide mineralization. In conclusion, our experiment demonstrates the value of in-mine VSP measurements for detailed resource delineation in a complex geological setting. In particular, we emphasize the potential benefit of using fiber-optic DAS systems, which provide reflection data at sufficient quality with less logistical effort and a higher acquisition rate. This amounts to a lower total acquisition cost, which makes DAS a valuable tool for future mineral exploration activities.

Rapid map and inversion of P-SV waves

Geophysics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
And Inversion

Multicomponent seismic recordings are currently being analyzed in an attempt to improve conventional P‐wave sections and to find and use rock properties associated with shear waves (e.g. Dohr, 1985; Danbom and Dominico, 1986). Mode‐converted (P-SV) waves hold a special interest for several reasons: They are generated by conventional P‐wave sources and have only a one‐way travel path as a shear wave through the typically low velocity and attenuative near surface. For a given frequency, they will have a shorter wavelength than the original P wave, and thus offer higher spatial resolution; this has been observed in several vertical seismic profiling (VSP) cases (e.g., Geis et al., 1990). However, for surface seismic data, converted waves are often found to be of lower frequency than P-P waves (e.g., Eaton et al., 1991).

Correlation between seismic diffractions extracted from vertical seismic profiling data and borehole logging in a carbonate environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. T121-T129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Klokov ◽  
Damir Irkabaev ◽  
Osareni C. Ogiesoba ◽  
Nail Munasypov
Keyword(s):  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Borehole Logging ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Fluid Saturation ◽  
Attribute Analysis ◽  
Vsp Data ◽  
Tectonic Dislocations

Seismic diffractions may play an important role in seismic interpretation because they characterize geologic objects that might not be visible for conventional seismic attribute analysis. Diffractivity may be caused by, and consequently may define, tectonic dislocations (faults and fractures), lithologic variations, and fluid saturation within rocks. We have tied seismic diffractions extracted from vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data and borehole logging, from which we recognized the reasons that were responsible for diffractivity of the strata. First, we processed a multisource multicomponent VSP data set to extract seismic diffractions and constructed diffraction images of the strata for all three of the VSP data components. Then, we performed joint analysis of well logs and diffractions to obtain petrophysical attributes associated with diffraction images. We divided the rock succession into several units, which have different diffraction properties. We identified compacted rock, alternating intervals, isolated fractured zones, and fluid-saturated layers.

scholarly journals Seismic-While-Drilling in Kuwait Results and Applications

GeoArabia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-550
Author(s):  
Osman S. Khaled ◽  
Alaa M. Al-Ateeqi ◽  
Andrew R. James ◽  
Richard J. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Drilling Technique ◽  
Oil Company

ABSTRACT During early 1994, Kuwait Oil Company and Schlumberger completed an extensive study of the Seismic-While-Drilling technique in two development wells in the Raudhatain field of North Kuwait. Seismic-While-Drilling records the energy radiated from a working drillbit (utilized as a seismic source), with receivers placed at the surface. This technology provides well seismic information such as checkshot and look ahead Vertical Seismic Profiling services at the wellsite, in real-time. The technique does not interfere with the drilling process nor does it require deploying any downhole hardware. The result of the study is that the Seismic-While-Drilling technique can work successfully in the Raudhatain field.

A novel approach to seismic signal processing and modeling

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1398-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Mendel ◽  
John Kormylo ◽  
Fereydoun Aminzadeh ◽  
Ja Sung Lee ◽  
Farroukh Habibi‐Ashrafi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wiener Filters ◽  
Seismic Signal Processing ◽  
Spherical Divergence

This paper demonstrates some results obtained using state‐variable models and techniques on problems for which solutions either cannot be or are not easily obtained via more conventional input‐output techniques. After a brief introduction to state‐variable notions, the following seven problem areas are discussed: modeling seismic source wavelets, simultaneous deconvolution and correction for spherical divergence, simultaneous wavelet estimation and deconvolution, well log processing, design of recursive Wiener filters, Bremmer series decomposition of a seismogram (including suppression of multiples and vertical seismic profiling), and estimating reflection coefficients and traveltimes.

A test of a controlled downhole seismic source

Geophysics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Author(s):  
G. J. Elbring ◽  
H. C. Hardee ◽  
B. N. P. Paulsson
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Seismic Frequencies ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Borehole Seismic

With the growing interest in borehole seismic investigations such as vertical seismic profiling and crosshole surveys, the need for new instrumentation has arisen, especially in the area of seismic sources. An ideal seismic downhole source should be nondestructive to the well, provide enough energy to be recorded at useful distances, produce a broad band of seismic frequencies, and create a reproducible signal. A prototype of a source that fits these requirements has been constructed and was described in a previous paper (Hardee et al., 1987).

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