A novel approach to seismic signal processing and modeling

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1398-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Mendel ◽  
John Kormylo ◽  
Fereydoun Aminzadeh ◽  
Ja Sung Lee ◽  
Farroukh Habibi‐Ashrafi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wiener Filters ◽  
Seismic Signal Processing ◽  
Spherical Divergence

This paper demonstrates some results obtained using state‐variable models and techniques on problems for which solutions either cannot be or are not easily obtained via more conventional input‐output techniques. After a brief introduction to state‐variable notions, the following seven problem areas are discussed: modeling seismic source wavelets, simultaneous deconvolution and correction for spherical divergence, simultaneous wavelet estimation and deconvolution, well log processing, design of recursive Wiener filters, Bremmer series decomposition of a seismogram (including suppression of multiples and vertical seismic profiling), and estimating reflection coefficients and traveltimes.

scholarly journals Underground Vertical Seismic Profiling with Conventional and Fiber-Optic Systems for Exploration in the Kylylahti Polymetallic Mine, Eastern Finland

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Riedel ◽  
Calin Cosma ◽  
Nicoleta Enescu ◽  
Emilia Koivisto ◽  
Kari Komminaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Eastern Finland

Seismic reflection methods have been used for the exploration of mineral resources for several decades. However, despite their unmatched spatial resolution and depth penetration, they only have played a minor role in mineral discoveries so far. Instead, mining and exploration companies have traditionally focused more on the use of potential field, electric and electromagnetic methods. In this context, we present a case study of an underground Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) experiment, which was designed to image a (semi-)massive sulfide deposit located in the Kylylahti polymetallic mine in eastern Finland. For the measurement, we used a conventional VSP with three-component geophones and a novel fiber-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system. Both systems were deployed in boreholes located nearby the target sulfide deposit, and used in combination with an active seismic source that was fired from within the underground tunnels. With this setup, we successfully recorded seismic reflections from the deposit and its nearby geological contrasts. The recording systems provided data with a good signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial resolution. In addition to the measurements, we generated a realistic synthetic dataset based on a detailed geological model derived from extensive drilling data and petrophysical laboratory analysis. Specific processing and imaging of the acquired and synthetic datasets yielded high-resolution reflectivity images. Joint analysis of these images and cross-validation with lithological logging data from 135 nearby boreholes led to successful interpretation of key geological contacts including the target sulfide mineralization. In conclusion, our experiment demonstrates the value of in-mine VSP measurements for detailed resource delineation in a complex geological setting. In particular, we emphasize the potential benefit of using fiber-optic DAS systems, which provide reflection data at sufficient quality with less logistical effort and a higher acquisition rate. This amounts to a lower total acquisition cost, which makes DAS a valuable tool for future mineral exploration activities.

scholarly journals Seismic-While-Drilling in Kuwait Results and Applications

GeoArabia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-550
Author(s):  
Osman S. Khaled ◽  
Alaa M. Al-Ateeqi ◽  
Andrew R. James ◽  
Richard J. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Drilling Technique ◽  
Oil Company

ABSTRACT During early 1994, Kuwait Oil Company and Schlumberger completed an extensive study of the Seismic-While-Drilling technique in two development wells in the Raudhatain field of North Kuwait. Seismic-While-Drilling records the energy radiated from a working drillbit (utilized as a seismic source), with receivers placed at the surface. This technology provides well seismic information such as checkshot and look ahead Vertical Seismic Profiling services at the wellsite, in real-time. The technique does not interfere with the drilling process nor does it require deploying any downhole hardware. The result of the study is that the Seismic-While-Drilling technique can work successfully in the Raudhatain field.

VSP detection of interbed multiples using inside‐outside corridor stacking

Geophysics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1628-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Burton ◽  
Larry Lines
Keyword(s):  
Well Log ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Log Data ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Multiple Attenuation ◽  
Predictive Deconvolution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
And Inversion

One of the most difficult problems in the exploration of Devonian reefs is the separation of primaries and short period interbed multiples. This is especially true in cases where weak primary reflections from porous reefal carbonates can be easily masked by interbed multiples generated from stronger shale/carbonate reflections above the reef. This problem of primary‐multiple separation is difficult since there are small normal moveout differences between the primary and short‐period multiple reflections, thus stacking might not be as effective at suppressing multiples as one would hope. Also, predictive deconvolution may be ineffective if it is difficult to design an accurate prediction distance for the deconvolution filter. The ineffectiveness of stacking and deconvolution in some cases has caused us to look for other alternatives. A recent paper by Lines (1996) advocates the use of shaping deconvolution and inversion methods that use well log information. Since reliable well log data are not always available, we examine a vertical seismic profiling (VSP) corridor stacking method for multiple identification proposed in Hardage (1983, 154–155) which obviates some of the conventional problems and which does not require well log data. A variation of this concept was applied to long‐period multiple attenuation by Hampson and Mewhort (1983).

scholarly journals An extraction method of dispersion curve from vertical seismic profiling data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hu ◽  
Jinghuai Gao ◽  
Yanbin He ◽  
Guowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Curve ◽  
Group Velocity ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Vsp Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The dispersion curve describes the relationship between velocities and frequencies. The group velocity is a kind of dispersion, which presents the velocities of the energy with different frequencies. Although many studies have shown methods for estimating group velocity from a surface wave, the estimation of group velocity from body-wave data is still hard. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate the group velocity from vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data that is a kind of body-wave data. The generalised S-transform (GST) is used to map the seismic signal to the time-frequency (TF) domain and then the group delay (GD) can be extracted from the TF domain. The GD shows the travelling time of different frequency components. The group velocity can be calculated by the GD and the distance between receivers. Unfortunately, the GD is hard to measure accurately because of the noise. Inaccurate GD introduces errors in estimating the velocity. To reduce the errors, we make use of the multiple traces and the iterative least-squares fitting to extract the relationship line between GD and depths. The slope of the line is the reciprocal of the group velocity. Two numerical examples prove the effectiveness of the method. We also derive the formula of group velocity in diffusive-viscous media. In the field data example, the dispersion intensity at different depths and the geological layers can be well matched. These examples illustrate the proposed method is an alternative method for dispersion estimation from VSP.

A test of a controlled downhole seismic source

Geophysics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Author(s):  
G. J. Elbring ◽  
H. C. Hardee ◽  
B. N. P. Paulsson
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Seismic Frequencies ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Borehole Seismic

With the growing interest in borehole seismic investigations such as vertical seismic profiling and crosshole surveys, the need for new instrumentation has arisen, especially in the area of seismic sources. An ideal seismic downhole source should be nondestructive to the well, provide enough energy to be recorded at useful distances, produce a broad band of seismic frequencies, and create a reproducible signal. A prototype of a source that fits these requirements has been constructed and was described in a previous paper (Hardee et al., 1987).

A blind interpretation of drill‐bit signals

Geophysics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 970-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Poletto
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Signal ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vsp Data ◽  
First Arrival

The role of kurtosis in evaluating the quality of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) drill‐bit data is investigated. The calculations show how kurtosis depends on the dominant frequency, bandwidth, and phase content of a seismic signal. This analysis is applied to synthetic and real common‐offset and common‐shot drill‐bit seismograms to evaluate the prominence and quality of the first arrival and other coherent events. High values of kurtosis correspond to an isolated first arrival or to a compressed coherent noise event, while low values are typical of low S/N (distributed) ratio traces. Kurtosis analysis applied to drill‐bit VSP data while drilling proved to be successful at identifying high‐quality traces with little interpretational input.

Separation of frequency-dependent scattering and inelastic absorption by waveform inversion of VSP data constrained by well logs

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
A. S. Pirogova
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Seismic Attenuation ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Seismic Profiling ◽  
Vertical Seismic Profiling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Vsp Data

The paper presents an approach to estimation of frequency-dependent attenuation of seismic waves propagating in the earth subsurface. The approach is based on the waveform inversion of vertical seismic profiling data acquired in a borehole. Incorporation of well log data (in particular, sonic and density logs) in the forward modelling routine allows for separation of two factors that cause frequency-dependent seismic attenuation. In particular, the inversion facilitates separation of 1D scattering versus inelastic absorption in the horizontally layered subsurface.

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