scholarly journals Geochemical State of Wilga River Environment in Kraków (Poland)—Historical Aspects and Existing Issues

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strzebońska ◽  
Anna Kostka
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph

Aquatic systems are a very important part of the environment, which requires special attention due to the constant deterioration of the quality and quantity of water globally. Aquatic environments in Poland are mostly affected by the mining and smelting industry, which is especially visible in the south of the country, and one of such anthropogenically affected rivers is the Wilga—a small tributary of the Vistula River (the biggest river in Poland). For many years, the catchment area of the Wilga River accommodated a functioning industry that was based on the use of metals (fur, leather processing, foundry and galvanizing plants), as well as the “Solvay” Kraków Soda Works, which have left behind soda waste piles, and currently, along the course of the river, there are ongoing works connected with the construction of the “Łagiewnicka Route”, which required the relocation of a section of the Wilga river bed, among other things. To determine the general condition of the river, selected physico-chemical parameters were analysed in the water (pH, conductivity, anions: Cl−, N-NO3, P-PO4 and SO4 and cations: Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn), suspended particulate matter and sediment (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn). Samples were taken before the relocation of the river bed (2019) and after its relocation (2021). The obtained data were compared with recorded historical data and this revealed that over the years, the condition of the Wilga environment has improved significantly, especially in terms of the contamination of sediments with metals, the concentrations of which fell several ten-fold. This is attributed to the closure of most industrial plants located within the river’s catchment area and to the modernization and legal regulation of the functioning of the remaining plants. An effect of leachates from the soda waste piles on the waters of Wilga has been observed (in the form of higher pH, mineralization and concentration of chlorides), which has however gradually decreased over time. However, no visible impact of road transport on the river’s environment has been observed, or any impact of the construction works or the related relocation of the river bed for that matter. The river should still be classified as polluted, but the level of this pollution has decreased significantly and the qualitative composition of the pollution has also changed.

scholarly journals Floods in the Upper Part of Vistula and Odra River Basins in the 19th and 20th Centuries / Powodzie W Górnej Części Dorzeczy Wisły I Odry W XIX I XX Wieku

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław W. Czaja ◽  
Robert Machowski ◽  
Mariusz Rzętała
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Second Category

Abstract The discussion of floods in this paper covers the section of the Odra River basin from its source down to the mouth of the Nysa Klodzka River and the section of the Vistula River basin down to the Krakow profile. The area of the upper part of Odra River basin is 13,455 km2 and the length of the river bed in this section is ca. 273.0 km. In the reach examined, the Vistula River is 184.8 km long and has a catchment area of approximately 8,101 km2. Geographical and environmental conditions in the upper part of the Vistula and Odra Rivers basins are conducive to floods both in the summer and winter seasons. The analyses conducted for the 19th and 20th centuries demonstrate that two main types of floods can be distinguished. Floods with a single flood wave peak occurred in the following years in the upper Odra River basin: 1813, 1831, 1879, 1889, 1890 and 1896, and on the Vistula River they were recorded in 1805, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1826, 1830, 1834, 1844 and 1845. In the 20th century, similar phenomena were recorded on the Odra River in 1903, 1909, 1911, 1915, 1925, 1960, 1970 and 1985, and on the Vistula River they occurred in 1903, 1908, 1925, 1931, 1934, 1939, 1948, 1951, 1970, 1972, 1991, 1996, 1997 and 1999. The second category includes floods with two, three or more flood wave peaks. These are caused by successive episodes of high rainfall separated by dry periods that last for a few days, a fortnight or even several weeks. Such floods occurred on the upper Odra River in 1847, 1854, 1880, 1888, 1892, 1897 and 1899; while on the Vistula River only two (1839 and 1843) floods featured two flood wave peaks. In the 20th century on the upper Odra River, floods of this type occurred in 1902, 1926, 1939, 1940, 1972, 1977 and 1997; on the upper Vistula River, they were recorded in 1906, 1915, 1919, 1920, 1940, 1958, 1960 and 1987.

scholarly journals The role of catastrophic floods in shaping the morphology of river beds in small mountain catchment areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Paweł Franczak
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Transported Material

Abstract Mountain streams are subjected to the continuous reshaping of their river beds during floods, with the greatest changes occurring during extreme floods caused by sudden and heavy rainfall. River bed transformations during these flash floods are more severe in forested areas, where wooden logs carried by swollen streams are more likely to be deposited on the ground, which in turn leads to the greater accumulation of other transported material and debris. The study was conducted in the Rybny Potok catchment area (Babia Góra National Park). An extreme flash flood occurred on 15–16 May 2014 because of heavy rainfall, which, on 15 May amounted to 138 mm. The total amount of precipitation in the catchment area was 216.5 mm in three days. This resulted in sudden and full streams in spate, contributing to significant geomorphological transformations reaching all the way to the bottom of the river beds. During the flash flood, already established river beds and streams increased in size and many new river courses were formed.

The inflow of 238Pu and 239+240Pu from the Vistula River catchment area to the Baltic Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Skwarzec ◽  
Anna Jahnz-Bielawska ◽  
Dagmara I. Strumińska-Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
The Baltic

Effects of a drought period on physico-chemical surface water quality in a regional catchment area

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan Wilbers ◽  
Gertjan Zwolsman ◽  
Gerard Klaver ◽  
A. Jan Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Application of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manures on the Production of Autotrophic Plankton in Madhupur Tract Soil Contained Miniature Tank

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
ME Huda ◽  
MR Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Average Water Temperature ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Domestic Use

Appropriate fertilizer and their impact on physico-chemical parameters of water and productivity is very important for aquaculture and ecology. Optimum fertilizer dose can help in fish farmer as well as aquaculture sector. From the study it was found that the total physicochemical parameters of water were suitable for aquaculture, drinking water, irrigation and domestic use. The average water temperature was 26.45±2.75oC; 26.50±3.24oC; 25.83±4.08oC; 26.57±3.02oC and 26.53±2.93oC for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. Water pH in an average was 7.37±0.61; 7.44±0.55; 7.25±0.58; 7.33±0.54 and 7.47±0.49 for Minature Circular Research Tank (MCRT)-1 to 5 respectively. Average water DO were 6.98±1.05 mgl-1; 6.75±1.53 mgl-1; 6.90±1.64 mgl-1; 6.59±1.19mgl-1 and 6.77±1.60mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 respectively. Average water hardness were 71.88 ± 20.47 mgl-1; 60.5 ±2 1.25 mgl-1; 83.38 ± 23.39 mgl-1; 59.13 ± 25.57 mgl-1 and 52.63 ± 7.92 mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. Average water total phosphorus were 0.77 ± 0.18 mgl-1; 0.83 ± 0.19 mgl-1; 0.78 ± 0.21 mgl-1; 0.84 ± 0.17 mgl-1 and 0.84 ± 0.16 mgl-1 for MCRT-1 to 5 gradually. From planktonic study it was found that the highest phytoplankton and Zooplankton were in MCRT-3. Phytoplanktons were under 27 no. of genera. Their groups were Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Hepatecae.Zooplankton were five major taxa and they were Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepod and Ostracoda respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 9-14 2017

scholarly journals Impact of wastewater from the rural commune of Jmaa Moulblad on the physico-chemical quality of the waters of the Grou River (Rabat region, Morocco)

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Arifi ◽  
Latifa Tahri ◽  
Abdallah El Abid ◽  
Fatima Zahra Hefiane ◽  
Souad Elblidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment

The Grou River is one of the main rivers that feed the reservoir of the Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (SMBA) dam in Morocco. However, this river is particularly threatened by the pollution problem. It is in this context that this study aims to study the effect of wastewater from the rural commune of Jmaa Moulblad on the physicochemical quality of the waters of this river. We analyzed 11 physicochemical parameters (T° of area, T° of water, pH, EC, mV, Sal, TDS, BOD, COD, SS and TOC), with a monthly frequency since the month of December 2014 until November 2015. The results obtained show a worrying situation of the state of this watercourse. To remedy this problem, we recommend pre-treatment of wastewater before discharge and the implementation of a management plan and sustainable management of the Grou River watershed.

scholarly journals CURRENT TRENDS OF AUTOTRANSPORT INSURANCE IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Olena MARTSENIUK
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liability ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
World Community ◽  
Land Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Car Insurance

The research of the article is aimed at highlighting the essence and features of the functioning of the car insurance market in Ukraine. The study found that motor insurance is associated with profound economic and social changes in society due to mass motorization, the growth of the car fleet and traffic intensity, as well as huge material losses as a result of road accidents. It should be noted that freight transport is developing quite rapidly both within the country and abroad. At the same time, an increase in the number of intercity bus transportation, excursion and tourist bus services has been established, and as a result, international motor tourism is growing. It is proved that these factors contribute to the growth of accidents, losses in the transportation of goods, increase accidents with passengers and pedestrians on highways and, accordingly, material and social losses of society, population, commercial and government agencies. It is substantiated that insurance in general and civil liability insurance, as its integral part, is an infrastructure that helps to increase the efficiency of all areas of business. This determines the importance of the development of all types of insurance in Ukraine, taking into account the process of integration into the world community. It is established that the development of insurance market in our country should be based on the study and balanced use of experience of industrialized countries with long traditions in the insurance market, legal regulation of insurers and diversification of various types of insurance. However, it should be borne in mind that the world community has invented universal means of compensation, which is the most popular type of liability insurance worldwide – is the insurance of civil liability of owners of land vehicles. It provides for the payment of monetary compensation to the victim in the amount that would be collected from the owner of the vehicle on a civil lawsuit in favor of a third party for damage to life and health, as well as for damage or loss of property due to an accident or other road – transport accident due to the fault of the insured. Given the state and prospects of motorization in our country, as well as foreign experience in insurance market, we can say with confidence that liability insurance is one of the leading areas among other types of insurance. However, in its organization and implementation there are many different problems of legal, social, economic and organizational type. Recommendations on the prospects for the development of civil liability insurance of owners of land vehicles in Ukraine are given.

scholarly journals Changes in Morphology of Selected Segments of the Vistula River Bed

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bogucka-Szymalska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Bed Forms ◽  
Bed Changes

Abstract The paper presents a reconstruction and an analysis of the Vistula river bed changes in the 19th and 20th centuries, performed on the basis of topographic maps. The analysis took into account both natural (floods, changes in rock-debris supply) and anthropogenic (e.g., river regulation, construction of water reservoirs) causes, which resulted in significant changes of the morphology of the Vistula river bed. To estimate the river bed changes the author used such parameters as: the length of the banks and changes of their location, the width of the river bed, and the surface of the river bed forms and their share in the river bed surface area.

The relationship between macrophyte assemblages and environmental variables in drainage and irrigation canals in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Baláži ◽  
Richard Hrivnák
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Conductivity Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ecological Potential

AbstractOur study provides new knowledge about macrophyte assemblages and environmental variables of Slovak drainage and irrigation canals. The canal system, comprising ca. 15% of all flows in Slovakia, is one of the oldest in Central Europe. This information represents a first step toward exploitation of macrophytes as an obligatory biological quality element for the assessment of ecological potential according to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. Among 61 canals studied, a total of 85 aquatic plant species (35 hydrophytes, 16 amphiphytes and 34 helophytes) were recorded during the years 2012–2014, including three neophytes and 18 threatened species. Physico-chemical variables explained the highest proportion of species variability, whilst hydromorphological variables and landscape variables were much less significant. Chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, electrical conductivity, water pH, flow velocity and water depth were identified as most important drivers of species composition of aquatic macrophytes and explained 21.1% of the variability. The CCA results revealed differences in species composition of canals reflecting the geographical origin and environmental conditions as well, relating to South-Eastern and South-Western Slovakia. In conclusion, macrophytes in drainage and irrigation canals are able to reflect several environmental variables and might provide valuable information for bioindication in assessing the ecological potential.

scholarly journals Groundwater chemistry: a case study of the Mesta River Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Tanya Vasileva ◽  
Dimitar Sholev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Water Ph

The present study describes the hydrochemistry of ground waters found in the Mesta River Basin, located in the south-western part of Bulgaria. The groundwater’s composition can be expressed as follows: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+; Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ in equivalent units for the cations, and HCO3– > SO42– > Cl– in equivalent units for the anions. The chemical composition of the studied groundwater can be described as calcium-bicarbonate. The calcium ions make up from 17.90% to 38.62% (30.18% on average), and the bicarbonate ions make up from 35.30% to 48.98% (43.70% on average) of all ions. Taken together, the calcium and bicarbonate ions make up from 61.44% to 87.60% (73.88% on average) of all ions. The groundwater itself is of slightly alkaline nature, having pH of 7.3 to 8.6, and TDS of 67 mg/l to 611 mg/l. One groundwater sample from the Mesta River catchment area was found to be of the low-mineralized type (TDS = 193 mg/l) alkaline water (pH = 9.8) in the Mesta Lowlands – the Banichan groundwater mineral source. The water can be described as sodium-bicarbonate, with sodium ions making up to 93.5% of the cations, and bicarbonate ions – 69.6% of the anions. Out of all ions, the sodium ions were found to be 48%, and the bicarbonate ions – 33.86%. The sequence of ions is in the following order: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3– > Cl– > SO42– > CO32–.

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