scholarly journals Taloe—Sedimentation in an Intermittent Lake (Russian Federation, Republic of Khakassia)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Maria O. Khrushcheva ◽  
Ekaterina M. Dutova ◽  
Platon A. Tishin ◽  
Alexander L. Arkhipov ◽  
Alexei N. Nikitenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mineral Species ◽  
Semiarid Climate ◽  
Evaporative Concentration ◽  
Bedrock Weathering ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Lake Waters

This paper examines the mineral and geochemical features of lake sediments and waters in intermittent Lake Taloe, located in a semiarid climate. Minerals that belong to groups of oxides, sulfides, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, and halides are identified through the use of precision methods. The resulting mineral species are divided by genetic features into two associations: terrigenous and hydrogenic. The terrigenous association includes water-insoluble minerals, while the hydrogenic association combines typical hydrogenic minerals. The regularities of the accumulation and distribution of minerals along the lake laterally and to a depth of up to one meter are also examined. The order of deposition of hydrogenous association minerals from sulfate-chloride lake waters was established. The obtained results are confirmed and supplemented by physicochemical calculations, which show the equilibrium of lake waters with hydroxides, oxides, aluminosilicates, carbonates, and sulfates. It has been established that the formation of minerals mainly occurs through evaporative concentration in conjunction with bedrock weathering.

CARBONATE MINERALOGY OF LAKE SEDIMENTS AND SURROUNDING SOILS. 2. THE QU’APPELLE LAKES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. GHEBRE-EGZIABHIER ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Ionic Activity ◽  
South Central ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Lake Waters

The nature and distribution of carbonate minerals in the upper Qu’Appelle basin in south-central Saskatchewan were investigated. The equivalent carbonate content and calcite:dolomite ratios of the deposits reflect the mechanisms of glacial deposition and some differences in the sources of the original parent material. The particle size analysis shows that the Qu’Appelle Lake sediments are more clayey than the surrounding soils and till deposits. Mg-bearing calcites occur only in the fine-sized fraction of the carbonate accumulation horizons. However, most of the upper Qu’Appelle Lake sediments contain appreciable amounts of sand-sized Mg-bearing calcites. The marked increase in carbonate content of the sediments relative to the adjacent soils and deposits is partially due to direct precipitation of calcite from the supersaturated lake waters. In this respect, a good correlation exists between the lake water ionic activity products for CaCO3 and the relative equivalent carbonatic mineral contents of the sediments. Key words: Mg-bearing calcite, dolomite, IAP, erosion

Isotope analyses of the lake sediments in the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Open Physics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Horvatinčić ◽  
Andreja Sironić ◽  
Jadranka Barešić ◽  
Ines Bronić ◽  
Jovana Nikolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Unsupported 210Pb ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Top 40 ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Plitvice Lakes

AbstractThe analyses of radioactive isotopes 14C, 137Cs and 210Pb, and stable isotope 13C were performed in the sediment cores, top 40 cm, taken in 2011 from karst lakes Prošće and Kozjak in the Plitvice Lakes National Park, central Croatia. Frozen sediment cores were cut into 1 cm thick layers and dried. 14C activity in both carbonate and organic fractions was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry technique with graphite synthesis. 137Cs, 210Pb, 214Pb and 214Bi were measured by low level gamma spectrometry method on ORTECHPGe detector with the efficiency of 32%.Distribution of 14C activity from both lakes showed increase of the 14C activity in the top 10–12 cm in both carbonate and organic fractions as a response to thermonuclear bomb-produced 14C in the atmosphere in the sixties of the 20th century. Anthropogenically produced 137Cs was also observed in sediment profiles. Sedimentation rates for both lake sediments were estimated based on the unsupported 210Pb activity.Different 14C activity of the carbonate fraction (63–80 pMC, percent of modern carbon) and organic fraction (82–93 pMC) is the result of geochemical and biological processes of the sediment precipitation in the lake waters. This is also confirmed by the δ 13 C values of both fractions. Carbon isotope composition, a 14 C and δ 13 C, was compared with the lake sediments from the same lakes collected in 1989 and 2003.

Processes affecting the chemical composition of Blue Lake, an alluvial gold-mine pit lake in New Zealand

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun L. L. Barker ◽  
Jonathan P. Kim ◽  
Dave Craw ◽  
Russell D. Frew ◽  
Keith A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Pit Lake ◽  
Evaporative Concentration ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Alluvial Gold ◽  
Mine Pit Lake ◽  
Lake Waters

Blue Lake is an abandoned, water-filled alluvial gold-mine pit in Central Otago, New Zealand. Alluvial gold mining is generally considered to be chemically benign, unless mercury is added to assist gold separation. The major element, trace metal and isotopic composition of the pit lake was compared to nearby, unaffected streams. Blue Lake was found to be enriched in the major cations, with levels that were 2–5 times higher than in unaffected streams. Furthermore, Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations exceeded 10 nmol L–1 in Blue Lake; these levels were 2–30 times higher than those in nearby, unaffected streams. Processes affecting the lake’s characteristics include evaporative concentration, and the oxidation and dissolution of locally derived sulfide and sulfate minerals. Localised acidification in surface and ground waters around the lake leads to the mobilisation of Zn and Ni, resulting in lake waters being strongly enriched in these trace metals (concentrations greater than 40 nmol L–1), whereas surrounding stream waters have much lower Ni and Zn concentrations (less than 5 nmol L–1). Ongoing evaporative concentration, and the continuing mobilisation of trace metals, implies that metal enrichment in lake waters will continue to occur. The present study demonstrated that the ‘benign’ process of alluvial gold mining can have significant chemical consequences in resulting water bodies.

scholarly journals System OMICs analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148 cluster

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bespyatykh ◽  
Egor Shitikov ◽  
Andrei Guliaev ◽  
Alexander Smolyakov ◽  
Ksenia Klimina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Omics Analysis ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
The Russian Federation

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148 is one of the most widely distributed clusters in the Russian Federation and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the reasons for the “success” of the cluster but this area remains incompletely studied. Here, we focused on the system omics analysis of the RUS_B0 strain belonging to the Beijing B0/W148 cluster. Completed genome sequence of RUS_B0 (CP030093.1) and a collection of WGS for 394 cluster strains were used to describe the main genetic features of the population. In turn, proteome and transcriptome studies allowed to confirm the genomic data and to identify a number of finds that have not previously been described. Our results demonstrated that expression of the whiB6 which contains cluster-specific polymorphism (a151c) increased almost 40 times in RUS_B0. Additionally, the level of ethA transcripts in RUS_B0 was increased by more than 7 times compared to the H37Rv. Start sites for 10 genes were corrected based on the combination of proteomic and transcriptomic data. Additionally, based on the omics approach, we identified 5 new genes. In summary, our analysis allowed us to summarize the available results and also to obtain fundamentally new data.

scholarly journals Effects of Ice Freeze-Thaw Processes on U Isotope Compositions in Saline Lakes and Their Potential Environmental Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Chenyang Cao ◽  
Xiangzhong Li ◽  
Xuezheng Pei ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Saline Lakes ◽  
Saline Lake ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Lake Waters

The dissolved uranium (U) content in the water column of saline lakes varies little between ice-free seasons throughout the whole water column. Such uniformity allows for the potential absolute dating and/or paleohydrologic interpretations of lake sediments and biogenic shell materials using U isotopes. Before using these methods in cold regions, however, it is necessary to evaluate the effects that ice freeze-thaw processes have on the distribution of U isotopes in saline lake waters, and to determine the amount of variation in U isotopic values when such processes occur. In this paper, we collected ice and dissolved water samples from six lakes with variable salinity in February 2021. Five groundwater and three water samples from rivers into Qinghai Lake were sampled in November 2020. The sampled water was analyzed for dissolved concentrations of 238U and the activity ratio of 234U/238U ([234U/238U]AR). The results show that the 238U concentration of ice samples was less than that of the underlying water. The [234U/238U]AR of ice in the five saline lakes was similar to that of the underlying water with less than a 10‰ variation, suggesting no observable fractionation between ice and dissolved water. Thus, the ice freeze-thaw processes have almost no effect on the uranium content and [234U/238U]AR of the sampled saline lakes, which were characterized by a limited recharge volume from surface runoff, groundwater, and ice volume, namely the close saline lake in arid alpine background. The results from the indoor freeze-thaw experiments also showed that the U isotopic composition of Qinghai Lake waters and ice were similar with the 238U concentration of the ice was about 40% of that of the dissolved lake water, supporting the data obtained from natural saline lakes. The above results provide important insights into whether it is feasible to use U isotopes for absolute dating and/or paleohydrologic analysis of lake sediments or biogenic shell materials. In addition, the results are important for evaluating the [234U/238U]AR and uranium concentrations in seawater when there exists a process of melting polar ice, and for determining the initial delta 234U variations needed for dating of coral and other fossil materials.

Chemical investigation of lake sediments and their interpretation

1965 ◽  
Vol 161 (984) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Algal Material ◽  
Lake Waters

Before any interpretation of compositional changes in a lake sediment column can be attempted, it is necessary to recognize the sources from which the sediment has been derived. Unlike bogs, whose deposits consist largely of materials synthesized in situ , lakes and particularly those of the Lake District, are greatly influenced by inflow and their sediments may derive material from a drainage basin some twenty or thirty times as large as the area of the lake itself. The glacial lake sediments consist wholly of mineral clay, often laminated, which must have been derived from the drainage basin. The post-Glacial sediments contain some 70 or 80 % of mineral material similarly derived. The remaining 20 to 30% consists of organic matter which may have originated photosynthetically either on the land surface or in the waters of the lake. The organic matter which eventually becomes buried in the sediment must have reached a state of stability towards oxidation since it must have been exposed to oxidizing conditions either in the soil or at the mud surface for many years before its final incorporation in the sediment. There is evidence from observations on Windermere and on Blelham Tarn, that the algal material produced in the lakes is very readily oxidized at the mud surface and that the oxygen consumed from the lake waters is largely used in oxidation of this comparatively labile organic matter. The major part of the organic material remaining in lake sediments is therefore likely to have been derived from stable residues produced in the soils of the drainage system . The sediment may then be regarded as an accumulation of debris derived from the land surface with minor additions from the lake biomass, though these latter additions may make important contributions to the precipitation of some elements of which phosphorus is an example. The information to be obtained from a study of lake sediments is therefore mainly concerned with events affecting the surrounding land surface rather than the lake itself, though conditions existing in the lake in former times may often be inferred from the sedimentary composition.

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