scholarly journals Chemical Mapping to Evaluate Post-Depositional Diagenesis among the Earliest Ceramics in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Wesley D. Stoner ◽  
Barry J. Shaulis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ceramic Exchange ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Copper Zinc

Chemical and mineral sourcing techniques are commonly employed in archaeology to reconstruct patterns of ceramic exchange and raw material procurement practices for the past, but the effects of post-depositional diagenesis are still often ignored despite a number of key studies warning that the composition of ceramics from archaeological deposits often diverges greatly from their original composition at the time of production. This current study on diagenesis derives from a large chemical and petrographic analysis of some of the earliest ceramics (1500–100 cal Before Common Era [BCE]) in the Basin of Mexico at a time when the development of ceramic trade networks helped to spread early stylistic canons across Mesoamerica. One important site, Altica, consistently presents ceramics that are high in barium. We use laser ablation-inductively coupled plazma—mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to map the cross-sections of several samples from this site with the idea that post-depositional intake of mobile cations would appear as enriched at the surfaces of the pottery and around pores. Conversely, cations that leach out of the fabric would exhibit depleted concentrations in those same areas. We find that barium and a suite of other elements (e.g., copper, zinc, lead, tin, arsenic, calcium, strontium, and vanadium) have been chemically altered due to nearly 3000 years of burial in the soil. We explore the implications of those revelations for properly sourcing archaeological ceramics found at the Altica site and provide additional guidance for archaeologists and geochemists who employ ceramic compositional sourcing elsewhere.

scholarly journals Technological study on the Gravity Processing of Manganese Ore

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Zagarzusem Ts ◽  
Baasanjav D ◽  
Sugir-Erdene N ◽  
Orgilbayar B ◽  
Sukhbat S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Manganese Minerals ◽  
Technological Study

This study investigated the effectiveness of the gravity beneficiation method based on gravitation and centrifugal forces for manganese ore. Manganese ores from Unagad deposit, samples powders were analyzed for their element and mineralogical composition using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Mineralogy and petrographic analysis are presented the mineralogical compositions are hydro goethite, manganese minerals and magnetite, the gangue minerals are quartz, albite, orthoclase, microcline in manganese ore. Manganese mineral occurs white, improper shape particles, weak grained-aggregates associated in gangue minerals. The most important minerals consist of manganese minerals are hausmannite, pyrolusite, rhodochrosite, and manganosite. The composite of feed containing 17.31 % Mn and 36.3 % SiO2 was produced by a centrifugal concentrator in combination with the shaking table. In the experiment, a concentrate assaying 41.37% Mn was obtained from this composite with 11.9 % yields. In the next experiment, f80=0.074mm particle size feed ore was used in the MGS concentration test. A concentrate containing 38.33 % Mn with 26.57 % yields was produced in this experiment. The results showed that it is possible to obtain concentrate on the gravity processing of manganese ore that economically significant and meet standard requirements. Манганы хүдрийг гравитацийн аргаар баяжуулах технологийн судалгаа Хураангуй:  Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар манганы хүдрийг хүндийн хүч болон төвөөс зугтах хүчний үйлчлэл дээр үндэслэн гравитацийн аргаар баяжуулах туршилт явуулав. Унагад ордын манганы хүдрийн дээжийн элементийн найрлагыг индукцийн холбоост плазмын масс спектрометр (ICP-MS), эрдсийн найрлагыг рентген дифрактометрийн аргаар тодорхойлсон. Минералоги, петрографийн шинжилгээгээр чулуулагт гидрогётит, манганы эрдсүүд, магнетит гэсэн хүдрийн эрдсүүд, кварц, альбит, ортоклаз, микроклин зэрэг хүдрийн бус эрдсүүд тодорхойлогдлоо. Хүдрийн бус эрдэс дотор манганы эрдэс нь цагаан өнгөтэй, зөв бус хэлбэртэй мөхлөгүүд мөн сул шигтгээлэг байдлаар тааралдаж байна. Манганы эрдсүүд нь гаусманит, пиролюзит, родохрозит, манганизит хэлбэрээр агуулагдсан байна. Манганы 17.31%, цахиурын ислийн 36.3% агуулгатай анхдагч хүдрийг төвөөс зугтах хүчний сепаратор болон ширээний хосолсон аргаар баяжуулахад баяжмалын агуулга Mn-41.37%, гарц 11.9% байв. Харин -0.074 мм фракцийн агуулга 80%-тай анхдагч хүдрийг хүндийн хүчний сепаратор (MGS)–аар баяжуулж, 38.33% -ийн манган агуулсан, 26.57% -ийн гарцтай баяжмал гарган авсан. Иймд манганы хүдрийг гравитацийн аргаар баяжуулахад стандартын шаардлага хангасан эдийн засгийн ач холбогдолтой бүтээгдэхүүн гарган авах боломжтойг тогтоов. Түлхүүр үг: Манганы хүдэр, хүндийн хүчний сепаратор, төвөөс зугтах хүчний сепаратор, рентген - дифрактометр.

scholarly journals Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mar Rey-Solé ◽  
Maria Pilar García-Argüelles ◽  
Jordi Nadal ◽  
Xavier Mangado ◽  
Anders Scherstén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far

scholarly journals Archaeometric Approaches to Defining Sustainable Governance: Wari Brewing Traditions and the Building of Political Relationships in Ancient Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ryan Williams ◽  
Donna J. Nash ◽  
Joshua M. Henkin ◽  
Ruth Ann Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Source Materials

Utilizing archaeometric methods, we evaluate the nature of production of feasting events in the ancient Wari state (600–1000 CE). Specifically, we focus on the fabrication of ceramic serving and brewing wares for the alcoholic beverage chicha de molle. We examine the source materials used in the creation of these vessels with elemental analysis techniques (INAA and LA-ICP-MS). We then assess the chemical traces of the residues present in the ceramic pores of the vessels to detect compounds indicative of the plants used in chicha production (DART-MS).While previous research has identified circumstantial evidence for the use of Schinus molle in the production process, this research presents direct evidence of its existence in the pores of the ceramic vessels. We also assess what this material evidence suggests about the sustainability of the feasting events as a mode of political interaction in the Wari sphere. Our evaluation indicates that regional resource use in the production of the ceramic vessels promoted locally sustainable raw material procurement for the making of the festivities. Likewise, drought resistant crops became the key ingredients in the beverages produced and provided a resilient harvest for chicha production that was adopted by successor groups.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sb Ores from Greece

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tzamos ◽  
Platon N. Gamaletsos ◽  
Giovanni Grieco ◽  
Micol Bussolesi ◽  
Anthimos Xenidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Epma Data ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece

Antimony is a common metalloid occurring in the form of Sb-sulfides and sulfosalts, in various base and noble metal deposits. It is also present in corresponding metallurgical products (concentrates) and, although antimony has been considered a penalty element in the past, recently it has gained interest due to its classification as a critical raw material (CRM) by the European Union (EU). In the frame of the present paper, representative ore samples from the main Sb-bearing deposits of Greece (Kilkis prefecture, Chalkidiki prefecture (Kassandra Mines), and Chios Isl.) have been investigated. According to optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) data, the Greek ores contain stibnite (Sb2S3), boulangerite (Pb5Sb4S11), bournonite (PbCuSbS3), bertherite (FeSbS4), and valentinite (Sb2O3). Bulk analyses by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) confirmed, for the first time published, the presence of a significant Hg content in the Kilkis Sb-ore. Furthermore, Kassandra Mines ores are found to contain remarkable amounts of Bi, As, Sn, Tl, and Se (excluding Ag, which is a bonus element). The above findings could contribute to potential future exploration and exploitation of Sb ores in Greece.

Figurines, Flint Clay Sourcing, the Ozark Highlands, and Cahokian Acquisition

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Emerson ◽  
Randall E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ozark Highlands

AbstractAt the pinnacle of Eastern Woodlands’ prehistoric cultural development, Cahokia has been interpreted as a political and economic power participating in prestige-goods exchanges and trade networks stretching from the Great Plains to the South Atlantic. Among the more spectacular of the Cahokian elite artifacts were stone pipes and figurines made from a distinctive red stone previously identified as Arkansas bauxite. In this research, we used a combination of X-ray diffraction, sequential acid dissolution, and inductively coupled plasma analyses to establish the source of the raw material used in the manufacture of the red figurines and pipes that epitomize the Cahokian-style. Our research demonstrates that these objects were made of locally available flint clays. This finding, in conjunction with other evidence, indicate Cahokian exploitation of many mineral and stone resources focuses on the northern Ozark Highlands to the exclusion of other areas. These findings indicate that we must reassess the direction, extent, and role of Cahokian external contacts and trade in elite goods.

scholarly journals Geochemical characteristics of Triassic and Cretaceous phosphorite horizons from the Transdanubian Mountain Range (western Hungary): genetic implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (S1) ◽  
pp. S147-S171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Molnár ◽  
Gabriella B. Kiss ◽  
István Dunkl ◽  
György Czuppon ◽  
Federica Zaccarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Inorganic Precipitation

ABSTRACTThe carbonate-dominated Mesozoic sequence of the Transdanubian Mountain Range contains Triassic, uranium-enriched phosphorite layers and Cretaceous, REE-enriched nodular phosphorite. Detailed investigation of these deposits may have an economic benefit because of their large U and REE contents. The dominant minerals in the Triassic phosphorite are carbonate-bearing fluorapatite (CFA) and calcite. According to the electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) the U is mainly associated with the CFA crystals. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) measurement shows that CFA contains 137–612 ppm U and 113–261 ppm total REE + Y. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of the uppermost phosphorite horizon is 237 ± 11 Ma, which conforms with the stratigraphic age of the host limestone.The Cretaceous nodular phosphorite occurs on the base of an Aptian crinoid-bearing limestone mostly in the form of encrustations around bio- and silicic-clasts, but the clasts also contain phosphorite. The main minerals in these crusts are CFA, calcite, quartz, glauconite and Fe-oxide-hydroxides. Based on EPMA the REE enrichment is related to CFA and LA-ICP-MS measurements show that it contains 748–2953 ppm total REE + Y.The redox-sensitive proxies and the shape of NASC normalized REE patterns indicate that both phosphorites formed in anoxic environments. There are significant differences between these deposits such as appearance, rock-forming minerals, and U and REE contents which indicate differences in their sedimentary environments. The present results suggest that the Triassic phosphorite was formed by inorganic precipitation in a reducing environment close to sea-mounts. The Cretaceous occurrence resulted from a concentric growth mechanism in cold, ascending seawater at the continental margin environment during the anoxic Selli Event (OAE 1a) and/or Paquier Episode (OAE 1b). The critical raw material contents were derived from other sources.

scholarly journals Application of the Collision Cell (CCT) in the ICP-MS Analytical System

2005 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Éva Széles ◽  
Béla Kovács ◽  
József Prokisch ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Collision Cell ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Analytical System

Our laboratory has seen a sharp rise in the number of requests for the analysis of smaller and smaller concentrations of elements from foods, plants, soil, organic fertiliser, irrigation and ground water, sewage, sewage sludge, raw material of food, as well as human and animal origin samples. From the above elements the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer is capable of analysing the smallest concentration of elements. Our method of analysis is to use our ICP-MS instrument, together with a ICP-MS with Collision Cell Technology (CCT). The CCT method has better detection limit, with 1-3 magnitudes, compared to the normal ICP-MS analytical method. The CCT has better detection limits mainly for the following elements in the periodical system: analysis of arsenic, selenium, germanium, vanadium and chromium. Additionally a collision cell can be applied for the analysis of silicium, sulphur, zink, copper, iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium in smaller concentrations.

scholarly journals Influence of Impurities on the Radiation Response of the TlBr Semiconductor Crystal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Alves dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Mesquita ◽  
Júlio Batista Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Caue de Melo Ferraz ◽  
Fabio Eduardo da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Response ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Repetition Number ◽  
Influence Of Impurities

Two commercially available TlBr salts were used as the raw material for crystal growths to be used as radiation detectors. Previously, TlBr salts were purified once, twice, and three times by the repeated Bridgman method. The purification efficiency was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), after each purification process. A compartmental model was proposed to fit the impurity concentration as a function of the repetition number of the Bridgman growths, as well as determine the segregation coefficients of impurities in the crystals. The crystalline structure, the stoichiometry, and the surface morphology of the crystals were evaluated, systematically, for the crystals grown with different purification numbers. To evaluate the crystal as a radiation semiconductor detector, measurements of its resistivity and gamma-ray spectroscopy were carried out, using 241Am and 133Ba sources. A significant improvement of the radiation response was observed in function of the crystal purity.

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