scholarly journals Influence of Impurities on the Radiation Response of the TlBr Semiconductor Crystal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Alves dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Mesquita ◽  
Júlio Batista Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Caue de Melo Ferraz ◽  
Fabio Eduardo da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Response ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Repetition Number ◽  
Influence Of Impurities

Two commercially available TlBr salts were used as the raw material for crystal growths to be used as radiation detectors. Previously, TlBr salts were purified once, twice, and three times by the repeated Bridgman method. The purification efficiency was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), after each purification process. A compartmental model was proposed to fit the impurity concentration as a function of the repetition number of the Bridgman growths, as well as determine the segregation coefficients of impurities in the crystals. The crystalline structure, the stoichiometry, and the surface morphology of the crystals were evaluated, systematically, for the crystals grown with different purification numbers. To evaluate the crystal as a radiation semiconductor detector, measurements of its resistivity and gamma-ray spectroscopy were carried out, using 241Am and 133Ba sources. A significant improvement of the radiation response was observed in function of the crystal purity.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Sb Ores from Greece

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tzamos ◽  
Platon N. Gamaletsos ◽  
Giovanni Grieco ◽  
Micol Bussolesi ◽  
Anthimos Xenidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Epma Data ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece

Antimony is a common metalloid occurring in the form of Sb-sulfides and sulfosalts, in various base and noble metal deposits. It is also present in corresponding metallurgical products (concentrates) and, although antimony has been considered a penalty element in the past, recently it has gained interest due to its classification as a critical raw material (CRM) by the European Union (EU). In the frame of the present paper, representative ore samples from the main Sb-bearing deposits of Greece (Kilkis prefecture, Chalkidiki prefecture (Kassandra Mines), and Chios Isl.) have been investigated. According to optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) data, the Greek ores contain stibnite (Sb2S3), boulangerite (Pb5Sb4S11), bournonite (PbCuSbS3), bertherite (FeSbS4), and valentinite (Sb2O3). Bulk analyses by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) confirmed, for the first time published, the presence of a significant Hg content in the Kilkis Sb-ore. Furthermore, Kassandra Mines ores are found to contain remarkable amounts of Bi, As, Sn, Tl, and Se (excluding Ag, which is a bonus element). The above findings could contribute to potential future exploration and exploitation of Sb ores in Greece.

scholarly journals Geochemical characteristics of Triassic and Cretaceous phosphorite horizons from the Transdanubian Mountain Range (western Hungary): genetic implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (S1) ◽  
pp. S147-S171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Molnár ◽  
Gabriella B. Kiss ◽  
István Dunkl ◽  
György Czuppon ◽  
Federica Zaccarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Inorganic Precipitation

ABSTRACTThe carbonate-dominated Mesozoic sequence of the Transdanubian Mountain Range contains Triassic, uranium-enriched phosphorite layers and Cretaceous, REE-enriched nodular phosphorite. Detailed investigation of these deposits may have an economic benefit because of their large U and REE contents. The dominant minerals in the Triassic phosphorite are carbonate-bearing fluorapatite (CFA) and calcite. According to the electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) the U is mainly associated with the CFA crystals. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) measurement shows that CFA contains 137–612 ppm U and 113–261 ppm total REE + Y. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of the uppermost phosphorite horizon is 237 ± 11 Ma, which conforms with the stratigraphic age of the host limestone.The Cretaceous nodular phosphorite occurs on the base of an Aptian crinoid-bearing limestone mostly in the form of encrustations around bio- and silicic-clasts, but the clasts also contain phosphorite. The main minerals in these crusts are CFA, calcite, quartz, glauconite and Fe-oxide-hydroxides. Based on EPMA the REE enrichment is related to CFA and LA-ICP-MS measurements show that it contains 748–2953 ppm total REE + Y.The redox-sensitive proxies and the shape of NASC normalized REE patterns indicate that both phosphorites formed in anoxic environments. There are significant differences between these deposits such as appearance, rock-forming minerals, and U and REE contents which indicate differences in their sedimentary environments. The present results suggest that the Triassic phosphorite was formed by inorganic precipitation in a reducing environment close to sea-mounts. The Cretaceous occurrence resulted from a concentric growth mechanism in cold, ascending seawater at the continental margin environment during the anoxic Selli Event (OAE 1a) and/or Paquier Episode (OAE 1b). The critical raw material contents were derived from other sources.

scholarly journals Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. II. Application of radiotracers in copper leaching from flotation tailings

Nukleonika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Marcin Rogowski ◽  
Tomasz Smoliński ◽  
Marta Pyszynska ◽  
Marcin Brykała ◽  
Andrzej G. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Flotation Tailings ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract The use of radiotracers in the present study is intended to replace traditional steps of metal quantitative analysis (solution sampling and instrumental chemical analysis) and to allow real-time measurements of metal concentrations during the leaching process. In this study, 64Cu, an isotope of copper, was selected as a radiotracer. Samples of copper flotation tailings were irradiated in the Maria research reactor (Świerk, Poland) and mixed with an inactive portion of the milled fl otation waste. The leaching process was carried out in a glass reactor, and the radiation spectrum was measured using a gamma spectrometer. The material was then treated using various acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid) in a wide range of their concentrations. Experiments with the radiotracer were conducted in sulphuric and nitric acids. The amount of the leached metal (copper) was calculated on the basis of the peak area ratio in the gamma-ray spectrum of the activated tailings and standard samples. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also used to analyse the metal content. Maximum recovery of 56% Cu was achieved using 9 M HNO3, whereas the recovery was lowest for ascorbic acid (<1%). Both analytical methods were compared, and the results presented in this paper are in good agreement with radiometric measurements obtained using ICP-MS analysis.

scholarly journals Multi-elemental analysis of high-purity molybdenum by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Medvedev ◽  
A.V. Volzhenin ◽  
A.I. Saprykin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Electrothermal Vaporization ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms

High purity molybdenum and its compounds are used for the synthesis of ionizing radiation detectors for search for dark matter and double beta decay. Properties of these detectors largely depend on their trace composition. The new mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) method was developed for the analysis of high-purity molybdenum. The samples were introduced into the ICP using the ETV device. The vaporization curves of matrix element (molybdenum) and trace elements were studied in detail. The dependence of analytical signal and limits of detection (LODs) of analytes versus ETV-ICP-MS instrumental parameters (ICP power, transport flow, ion optics settings) was established. The proposed method of ETV-ICP-MS analysis allowed us to control the content of 28 trace elements in high-purity molybdenum with a purity of 6N (99.9999% wt.) and provided LODs from 0.3 to 200 ng g-1. Using of ETV for ICP-MS analysis of molybdenum led to decreasing of the LODs of trace elements from 3 to 200 times comparing with ICP-MS analysis with standard sample introduction system. The validation of proposed ETV-ICP-MS method was performed by spike experiment and by comparing the results of ETV-ICP-MS, ICP-MS, and atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal vaporization (GFAAS) analysis.

scholarly journals Application of the Collision Cell (CCT) in the ICP-MS Analytical System

2005 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Éva Széles ◽  
Béla Kovács ◽  
József Prokisch ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Collision Cell ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Analytical System

Our laboratory has seen a sharp rise in the number of requests for the analysis of smaller and smaller concentrations of elements from foods, plants, soil, organic fertiliser, irrigation and ground water, sewage, sewage sludge, raw material of food, as well as human and animal origin samples. From the above elements the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer is capable of analysing the smallest concentration of elements. Our method of analysis is to use our ICP-MS instrument, together with a ICP-MS with Collision Cell Technology (CCT). The CCT method has better detection limit, with 1-3 magnitudes, compared to the normal ICP-MS analytical method. The CCT has better detection limits mainly for the following elements in the periodical system: analysis of arsenic, selenium, germanium, vanadium and chromium. Additionally a collision cell can be applied for the analysis of silicium, sulphur, zink, copper, iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium in smaller concentrations.

Definition of the Hercynian Unconformity in eastern Saudi Arabia using chemostratigraphy in conjunction with biostratigraphy, sedimentology and lithostratigraphy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-588
Author(s):  
Neil W. Craigie
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Definition Of

The following chemostratigraphy study was conducted on Paleozoic sediments encountered in 14 wells in eastern Saudi Arabia. A total of 1500 samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with data acquired for 48 elements, ranging from Na to U in the periodic table. The aim was to utilize chemostratigraphy, in conjunction with existing biostratigraphic, lithostratigraphic and sedimentological data, to define the Hercynian Unconformity in each well and to recognize stratigraphic boundaries occurring above and below it. This was necessary as the unconformity eroded to different stratigraphic levels in each well, with Devonian, Silurian and Ordovician sediments found immediately below it in adjacent locations. In the absence of chemostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and sedimentological data, it is often very difficult to define this boundary and others using lithostratigraphy alone as many stratigraphic intervals yield similar gamma-ray (GR) log trends. For example, a low ‘blocky’ GR response is typical of both the Carboniferous Ghazal Member and the Ordovician Sarah Formation. Similarly, both the Silurian Sharawra Member and the Silurian–Devonian Tawil Formation produce a ‘ratty’ GR trend. Each stratigraphic member and formation was found to have distinctive chemostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, sedimentological and/or wireline log signatures.

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