scholarly journals Mineralogical Tracers of Gold and Rare-Metal Mineralization in Eastern Kazakhstan

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Boris A. D’yachkov ◽  
Ainel Y. Bissatova ◽  
Marina A. Mizernaya ◽  
Sergey V. Khromykh ◽  
Tatiana A. Oitseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Rare Metal Mineralization ◽  
Rare Metal Pegmatite ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan ◽  
Gold Bearing

Replenishment of mineral resources, especially gold and rare metals, is critical for progress in the mining and metallurgical industry of Eastern Kazakhstan. To substantiate the scientific background for mineral exploration, we study microinclusions in minerals from gold and rare-metal fields, as well as trace-element patterns in ores and their hosts that may mark gold and rare-metal mineralization. The revealed compositions of gold-bearing sulfide ores and a number of typical minerals (magnetite, goethite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, gold and silver) and elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Sb) can serve as exploration guides. The analyzed samples contain rare micrometer lead (alamosite, kentrolite, melanotekite, cotunnite) and nickel (bunsenite, trevorite, gersdorffite) phases and accessory cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite, and microlite. The ores bear native gold (with Ag and Pt impurities) amenable to concentration by gravity and flotation methods. Multistage rare-metal pegmatite mineralization can be predicted from the presence of mineral assemblages including cleavelandite, muscovite, lepidolite, spodumene, pollucite, tantalite, microlite, etc. and such elements as Ta, Nb, Be, Li, Cs, and Sn. Pegmatite veins bear diverse Ta minerals (columbite, tantalite-columbite, manganotantalite, ixiolite, and microlite) that accumulated rare metals late during the evolution of the pegmatite magmatic system. The discovered mineralogical and geochemical criteria are useful for exploration purposes.

scholarly journals Rare-Metal Pegmatite Deposits of the Kalba Region, Eastern Kazakhstan: Age, Composition and Petrogenetic Implications

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Khromykh ◽  
Tatiana A. Oitseva ◽  
Pavel D. Kotler ◽  
Boris A. D’yachkov ◽  
Sergey Z. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Geochronological Data ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Deep Faults ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Rare Metal Pegmatite ◽  
Ore District ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

The paper presents new geological, mineralogical, and isotope geochronological data for rare-metal pegmatites in the Kalba granitic batholith (Eastern Kazakhstan). Mineralization is especially abundant in the Central-Kalba ore district, where pegmatite bodies occur at the top of large granite plutons and at intersections of deep faults. The pegmatites contain several successive mineral assemblages from barren quartz-microcline and quartz-microcline-albite to Li-Cs-Ta-Nb-Be-Sn-bearing cleavelandite-lepidolite-spodumene. Ar-Ar muscovite and lepidolite ages bracket the metallogenic event between 291 and 286 Ma. The pegmatite mineral deposits formed synchronously with the emplacement of the phase 1 Kalba granites during the evolution of hydrous silicate rare-metal magmas that are produced by the differentiation of granite magma at large sources with possible inputs of F and rare metals with fluids.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BERILLIUM AND RARE METAL MINERALIZATION IN SYENITE OF THE PERGA DEPOSIT (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
О. Dubyna ◽  
S. Kryvdik ◽  
V. Belskyy ◽  
О. Vyshnevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ukrainian Shield ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Rare Metal Mineralization ◽  
Mn Content

The results of the ore and accessory minerals study in the syenite of the Perga beryllium deposit are discussed. Phenakite and genthelvite are found among Be-bearing minerals. Genthelvite of this syenite, being compared to early published data on genthelvite of the Perga deposit, is distinguished by the highest ZnO content which is close to the theoretical maximum) due to the alkaline nature of studied rock ((Na + K)/Al = 1.09). Genthelvite occurs as later mineral to phenakite or is formed by phenakite replacement at rising the alkalinity as a result of melt differentiation. Columbite with high-Mn content, Y-silicate (keiviite-(Y)?), rare-earth fluorocarbonate (bastnesite) are also found among other minerals of rare metals. The presence of fluorite and rare-earth fluorocarbonate in association with genthelvite or phenakite may indicate that Be and REE were transported in ore-bearing fluids as complex fluorine-carbonate compounds. Considering the geochemical characteristics of rocks (meta-aluminous, subalkaline and alkaline series, deep negative Euanomalies, low Sr, Ba, elevated – HFS elements) from the Sushcano-Perga region, enrichment of these rocks with rare metals and Be are related to intensive feldspar fractionation of the primary melts and due to alkaline oversaturation, volatile and rare metals (Be, Li, REE, Y, Nb, Ta) enrichment in the residual fractions of granitic or syenitic compositions. Postmagmatic alkaline solutions enriched in F and CO32- promote of Be concentration in fluid phase with its following migration and crystallization as genthelvite.

scholarly journals GEOCHRONOLOGY OF LITHIUM-BEARING GRANITOIDS OF INGUL MEGABLOCK (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Stepanyuk ◽  
O. Hrinchenko ◽  
B. Slobodian ◽  
V. Semka ◽  
S. Kurylo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Ukrainian Shield ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Isotopic Method ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Marine Basins ◽  
Rare Metal Pegmatite

Rare-metal elements are strategic metals which, in general, are extremely important for economic development or maintenance of defence capability of any country at the modern level. The list of needs for these strategic metals ranges depending on the level of economic development of certain country, but in general it includes such elements as Li, Ta, Nb, Be, Sb, W, REE and others. The majority of these elements has the lithophilous nature and, therefore, is characterized by close genetic relations with granites and pegmatites associated with them. In the world, industrial production of lithium is shared between deposits to lithium-bearing brine of saline depositions of marine basins (Argentina, Chile), some granites (China) and rare-metal pegmatites (Australia, China, Zimmbabve). In pegmatites lithium mineralization is represented mainly by spodumene (LiAlSi2O6), But other lithium-containing metallic minerals can also play an important role in production of this metal – petalite (LiAlSi4O10), minerals of lepidolite (Sa [Li,Al]3[Si,Al]4O10[F,OH]2) and amblygonite-montebrasite (LiAlPO4 [F,OH]) series. Rare-metal pegmatite of Ingul megablock of Ukrainian Shield can be treated as unique (insufficiently studied in world practice) pegmatitic formations in which the main metallic mineral is represented by petalite. In metallogenic interpretations two ore districts can be distinguished within the megablok, that are specialized on rare metals (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Ta, Nb, Sn) – Polohivka and Stankuvatka. Deposits and numerous ore manifestations of rare metals formed in rather similar geological and tectonic conditions and have many common features – both country rocks composition and mineralogic composition of ores. Within Ingul megablock (Shpola-Tashlyk rare-metal district) a number of lithium rare-metal deposits associated with pegmatites is discovered. In order to determine the age of lithium mineralization in granites of Lypniazhka, Taburyshche massifs and vein bodies of pegmatitic and aplito-pegmatitic granites, which are selected from different localities of this megablock, are dated by U-Pd isotopic method by monazites. It is established that emplacement of vein granites of Ingul megablock occurred within rather narrow age interval – 2040-2020 Ma and it is not significantly separated in time from formation of most granitoids they are spatially associated with. This fact, together with geological evidences, gives grounds to make the assumption that rare-metal lithium pegmatite are formed in the same age interval.

scholarly journals Ta-Nb mineralization in rare-metal pegmatite from north-western frame of Lypniazhka granite-migmatite structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
S.I. Kurуlo ◽  
◽  
N.M. Lуzhachenko ◽  
S.M. Bondarenko ◽  
V.O. Syomka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Alkaline Feldspar ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western ◽  
Rare Metal Pegmatite ◽  
Oscillatory Zonality

The three type of rare-metal pegmatites are know in Stankuvatske ore field (Ingul megablock, the Ukraianian Shield), such as: Li-bearing, Bi-As-U and Ta-Nb pegmatites. For the first time Ta-Nb mineralisation from Ta-Nb bearing albite-K-Feldspar rare metal pegmatite have been described. Investigated pegmatite is located on the Norh-West frame of the Lypnazky granitemigmatite massive among hosted amphibolites. Rare-metal pegmatite doesn’t have obvious zonality and consist of alkaline feldspar, biotite, muscovite, dark to black colour quartz, blue-greenish apatite, nigerite, gachnite, tourmaline, monazite. The primary ferrocolumbite and Nb-rutile-II have undergone strong hydrothermal alteration. Thus primary rutile-II decomposed with formation of skeletal intergrowths of secondary cassiterite and rutile-III with a much lower volume of Nb and Ta under the influence of hydrothermal fluid. Primary homogenous Nb-rutile-I (Nb2O5+Ta2O5 from 33,5 to 42,9 wt.%) exsolved a fine trellis-like pattern and lamellar of Nb-pure rutile-III, cassiterite and Mn-rich ilmenite. The Nb-rutile-II is occurred in tabular grains with unclear internal zonation. Primary ferrcolumbite breakdown to Ti-ixiolite and Nb-rutile-III. Primary oscillatory zonality is transformed into irregularly patchy and veinlety. Recrystallized ferrotantalite is secondary and uncommon mineral. Ferrocolumbite contains 2.93 to 4.74 wt.%TiO2, and titanian ixiolite 7,33-10,76 wt.%. The (Ti,Nb)>Ta mineral assemblages, and compositional trend of columbite with very low Ta/(Ta+Nb) and Mn/ (Mn+Fe) imply a general low level of fractionation in comparison with typical beryl-columbite rare-metal pegmatites.

RECOGNITION OF A 600-KM-LONG LATE TRIASSIC RARE METAL (Li-Rb-Be-Nb-Ta) PEGMATITE BELT IN THE WESTERN KUNLUN OROGENIC BELT, WESTERN CHINA

2022 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-236
Author(s):  
Qing-He Yan ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Guoxiang Chi ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Huan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Metal ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Western China ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Western Kunlun ◽  
Rare Metal Mineralization ◽  
Granitic Intrusions ◽  
Tethys Ocean ◽  
Rare Metal Pegmatite

Abstract The rising demand of strategic metals, especially lithium, necessitates discovery of new resources to meet the global supply chain. Recently, several pegmatite-hosted rare metal (Li-Rb-Be-Nb-Ta) deposits have been discovered in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, making it a new world-class rare metal resource (estimated ~7 Mt Li2O and 0.16 Mt BeO). Understanding the metallogenesis of this belt is critical to further evaluate the rare metal potential. In this study, columbite-tantalite (coltan) and monazite from rare metal pegmatites and zircon from potential parental granites were collected from five representative rare metal pegmatite deposits in the western, middle, and eastern parts of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt for U-Pb geochronology. The results indicate that despite the distances of the sampling localities in different parts of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, the ages of pegmatite-hosted rare metal mineralization fall in a narrow range of ca. 208–204 Ma. These rare metal pegmatites are temporally and spatially related to adjacent postorogenic granites emplaced following the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The compositional characteristics of K-feldspar, biotite, and muscovite of the granites and pegmatites, along with regional mineralogical and textural zonation of the pegmatites, suggest that the rare metal pegmatites were derived from the volumetrically much more important, highly fractionated granitic intrusions. We propose that, in combination with the data from previous studies, the 218–204 Ma interval represents a newly recognized rare metal metallogenic period linked with granitic intrusions in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, revealing a 600-km-long late Triassic rare metal pegmatite belt composed of multiple ore fields formed in a similar metallogenic setting. These results emphasize the importance of identifying fertile, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic granitic intrusions for rare metal pegmatite exploration. Furthermore, combined with recent studies on the Songpan-Ganzi rare metal pegmatite belt along the eastern segment of the Paleo-Tethys, this study further highlights the great potential of rare metal resources in this global tectonic zone.

scholarly journals AVALON RARE METALS’ UNIVERSITY OUTREACH INITIATIVE

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. London ◽  
Mandeep Singh Rayat ◽  
William Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
University Outreach ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Outreach Initiative

Avalon Rare Metals Inc., a mineral exploration and development company with a primary focus on developing rare earth element and rare metal projects, launched its University Outreach Initiative in 2011. A scarcity of engineers in North America familiar with rare earth process engineering and a lack of rare earth element course material at Canadian universities were key motivating factors for the launch of the Outreach Initiative. Through this Initiative, the Company has been proactive in educating students about science and engineering issues related to rare earth elements, by means of lectures, sponsored course projects, and sponsored participation at conferences and symposia. All projects had a sustainability dimension. This paper details seven undergraduate engineering projects and three graduate research projects initiated by Avalon at a total of seven different universities. The paper also provides recommendations to university engineering and science programs to ensure graduating students can build and play contributing roles in the emerging rare earth supply chain sector.

Mineralogy of the Lake zone, Thor Lake rare-metals deposit, N.W.T., Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Robert Pinckston ◽  
Dorian G. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nepheline Syenite ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lake Zone ◽  
Pyrochlore Group ◽  
Rare Metal Mineralization ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements

The Proterozoic (ca. 2.1 Ga) Blatchford Lake suite hosts significant concentrations of rare metals at the core of a peralkaline granite–syenite pluton. After emplacement of the Grace Lake Granite and the Thor Lake Syenite within it, bodies of nepheline syenite, ijolite, and urtite were intruded beneath the present-day Lake zone. This is the largest of five zones of mineralization and lies close to the apex of the Thor Lake Syenite, a region which was then subjected to albitization, microclinization, and, finally, rare-metal mineralization. The underlying silica-undersaturated rocks contain clots of rare-metal-bearing minerals, including cerianite-(Ce), britholite-(Ce), thorite, and calcium catapleiite, interstitial to nepheline and aegirine. The Lake zone itself contains major quantities of Zr (in zircon), Nb (in ferrocolumbite, pyrochlore group minerals, aeschynite group minerals, and fergusonite-(Y)), and Ce (in allanite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce), and bastnäsite group minerals). Lesser amounts of Ta, Y, heavy rare earth elements, U, Th, and Ga are also present, mainly as minor components of rare-metal-bearing minerals. Electron microprobe analyses of the major rare-metal-bearing minerals are presented.

scholarly journals Genesis of the Bieyesamas Monzogranite of the Altay Mountain, Xinjiang, Northwestern China, and Its Rare Metal Resource Potential

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Gengbiao Qiao ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Wenming Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Crustal Material ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Geological Conditions

Lying in the Altay Orogenic Belt in Xinjiang, Northwestern China, the Bieyesamas monzogranite pluton is located in the North Altay Terrane. It is one of the important granitic batholiths with a large amount of rare metal pegmatite dikes. According to LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating, the 206Pb/238U weighted average age of the Bieyesamas monzogranite is 451.1 ± 5.1  Ma ( MSWD = 6.0 ), indicating the formation age of Late Ordovician. The Bieyesamas monzogranite has secondary minerals such as garnet and tourmaline. The geochemical analysis shows that the pluton is characterized by high SiO2 (70.45%~75.44%), Al2O3 (14. 04%~17.14%), potassium and alkaline ( K 2 O = 4.20 % ~ 4.78 % , N a 2 O + K 2 O = 7.90 % ~ 8.99 % ), A/CNK (1.16~1.28), and high corundum (2.33%~5.08%) being found in CIPW standard minerals, belonging to high-K calc-alkaline peraluminous series. The pluton is enriched in LREE, depleted in HREE ( LREE / HREE = 5.99 ~ 9.65 ), with obviously negative Eu anomaly ( δ Eu = 0.44 ~ 0.60 ), while the trace elements are characterized by Rb, K, Nb, Ta, Hf, and U enrichment and Ba, Sr, Ti, and Zr depletion, as well as with high differentiation index ( DI = 93.24 % ). Zircon ε Hf t values range from 2.89 to 7.69, with the corresponding two-stage model ages ( T DM 2 ) of 941~1257 Ma. The mineral assemblage, geochemical characteristics, and zircon Hf isotope indicate the pluton experienced the highly fractionated process and belongs to highly fractionated S-type granite, which was formed by partial melting of the Meso- to Neoproterozoic crustal material. In the Bieyesamas monzogranite, the average contents of rare metals are obviously higher ( Li = 550 × 10 − 6 , Be = 10.18 × 10 − 6 , Nb = 18.91 × 10 − 6 , Ta = 2.14 × 10 − 6 , Rb = 500 × 10 − 6 , and Cs = 149.9 × 10 − 6 ) than the other rocks and Clark values of crust, which indicates that the Bieyesamas pluton has the enrichment potential of rare metals. The metallogenic geological conditions are superior in the Bieyesamas area of the Altay Mountain, and rare metal deposits and ore spots are widely distributed. In particular, the newly discovered rare metal deposits are characterized by large-scale mineralization, high grade and industrial utilization value, etc. It is preliminarily predicted that they have reached the medium-scale deposits. Therefore, the Bieyesamas area is one of the key areas for rare metal prospecting breakthroughs in the future, with great potential for rare metal mineral resources.

scholarly journals REVEALING INDICATIONS OF GOLDEN MINERALIZATION ON THE BASE OF ISOLATION OF THE BACKGROUNDAND LOCAL COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC FIELDS AT THE EASTERN PART OF THE FOREMOST RIDGE (NORTH CAUCASUS)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Г. Парада
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Regional Background ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Rare Metal Mineralization ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Local Anomalies ◽  
Gold Bearing

Предложен способ разделения обобщенных полей кажущегося электрического сопротивления (rк) и кажущейся поляризуемости (hк) на фоновую (региональную) и аномальную (локальную) составляющие с дифференцированием массива данных относительно условного нуля, что позволило выделить аномалии соответствующих порядков. Область повышенных значений rк на карте регионального фона соответствует массиву позднепалеозойских кварцевых диоритов палеозойского интрузивного комплекса. Область пониженных значений rк у восточной границы изученной территории может быть связана с повышенной температурой недр. Отрицательные локальные аномалии rк приурочены к участкам разломов и местам их пересечений. Положительные аномалии rк частично совпадают с выходами золотоносных скарнов Зыгыркольской зоны и с геохимическими аномалиями золота во вторичных ореолах рассеяния. Область повышенных значений hк на карте регионального фона обусловлена гидротермально-метасоматической деятельностью тырныаузской рудно-магматической системы, которая обеспечила появление ореола рассеянной сульфидизации, золотого и редкометалльного оруденения. Большинство локальных аномалий hк связаны с обводненными зонами разломов. Отдельные положительные аномалии hк, совпадающие с положительными аномалиями rк, могут указывать на участки гидротермально-метасоматических пород с рассеянной вкрапленностью рудных минералов. Учитывая, что такого типа аномалиями сопровождаются золотоносные скарны Зыгыркольской зоны, они могут являться первоочередными объектами для постановки поисковых работ. The method of dividing generalized fields of apparent electric resistance (ρк) and apparent polarizing capability (ηк) into the background (regional) and local components, what allowed to isolate anomalies of corresponding orders. The area of increased values of ρк at the map of regional background corresponds to the mass of Late-Paleozoic quartz diorites of the Paleozoic intrusive complex. The area of decreased values of ρк near the eastern border of studied territory may be related to increased temperature of bowels. Negative local anomalies of ρк are coincided with parts of faults and places of their intersections. Positive anomalies of ρк coincide partly with outcrops of gold-bearing skarns of the Zygyrkol zone and with geochemical anomalies of gold in secondary dispersion halos. The area of raised values of η к at the map of regional background is caused by hydrothermal-metasomatic activity of the Tyrny-Auz ore-magmatic system, which ensured appearance of the halo of dispersed sulphidization, golden and rare-metal mineralization. Most of local ηк anomalies are connected with flooded fault zones. Separate positive ηк anomalies coincident with  positive ρк anomalies may point to the parts of hydrothermal-metasomatic rocks with dispersed impregnation of ore minerals. Taking into account, that gold-bearing skarns of the Zygyrkol zone are accompanied by anomalies of such type, they may turn up as first-order objects for arrangement of search works.

scholarly journals Mineral Physicochemistry Underlying Feature-Based Extraction of Mineral Abundance and Composition from Shortwave, Mid and Thermal Infrared Reflectance Spectra

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Carsten Laukamp ◽  
Andrew Rodger ◽  
Monica LeGras ◽  
Heta Lampinen ◽  
Ian C. Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mineral Assemblages

Reflectance spectroscopy allows cost-effective and rapid mineral characterisation, addressing mineral exploration and mining challenges. Shortwave (SWIR), mid (MIR) and thermal (TIR) infrared reflectance spectra are collected in a wide range of environments and scales, with instrumentation ranging from spaceborne, airborne, field and drill core sensors to IR microscopy. However, interpretation of reflectance spectra is, due to the abundance of potential vibrational modes in mineral assemblages, non-trivial and requires a thorough understanding of the potential factors contributing to the reflectance spectra. In order to close the gap between understanding mineral-diagnostic absorption features and efficient interpretation of reflectance spectra, an up-to-date overview of major vibrational modes of rock-forming minerals in the SWIR, MIR and TIR is provided. A series of scripts are proposed that allow the extraction of the relative intensity or wavelength position of single absorption and other mineral-diagnostic features. Binary discrimination diagrams can assist in rapidly evaluating mineral assemblages, and relative abundance and chemical composition of key vector minerals, in hydrothermal ore deposits. The aim of this contribution is to make geologically relevant information more easily extractable from reflectance spectra, enabling the mineral resources and geoscience communities to realise the full potential of hyperspectral sensing technologies.

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