scholarly journals The Irreplaceable Contribution of Cross Sections Investigation: Painted Plasters from the Sphinx Room (Domus Aurea, Rome)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Alessia Coccato ◽  
Maria Cristina Caggiani ◽  
Roberta Occhipinti ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Alessandro D’Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Layer Composition

Fragments and micro-fragments of painted plasters from the Sphinx Room, recently discovered in the Domus Aurea Esquiline wing (Rome, Italy), were studied. They were respectively taken from the debris in the vicinity of the walls and from already damaged edges of the decorated walls. A previous study, mainly based on non-destructive and non-invasive investigations, proved effective in giving a general overview of the employed palette, allowing the comparison with paintings from the same palace and other coeval contexts, and also providing some preliminary hints concerning the pictorial technique. Nevertheless, some issues remained unsolved, concerning the pigment mixtures (e.g., lead-/iron-based yellow to red colors; copper-/iron-based green/greyish areas), and the a fresco/a secco painting technique debate. Therefore, cross sections of the above-mentioned fragments were observed by means of Optical (OM) and Scanning Electron (SEM) Microscopy and analyzed with micro-Raman spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), with the aims of: studying the paint layer composition through point analysis and mapping of the elemental distribution; comparing these in relation to what was observed with previously reported non-destructive analyses; studying the stratigraphy of the painted plaster, focusing on the contact between the plaster and the paint.

scholarly journals Material characterisation of a painted beehive panel by advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in combination with hyperspectral imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Retko ◽  
Maša Kavčič ◽  
Lea Legan ◽  
Polonca Ropret ◽  
Bojana Rogelj Škafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Conservation Interventions

AbstractIn this study, a painted beehive panel from the collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum was examined with respect to its material composition with the aim to reveal the painting technique. Due to the state of degradation due to outdoor weathering (UV irradiation, rainfall, extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations), as well as past conservation interventions, the object represented a complex analytical challenge. We aimed for non-invasive techniques (FTIR in reflection mode, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging in the range of 400–2500 nm); however, in order to explore paint layers, cross-sections were also analysed using Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were also used on sample fragments. Various original materials were identified such as pigments and binders. The surface coating applied during conservation interventions was also characterised. Additionally, organic compounds were found (oxalate, carboxylate), representing transformation products. The potential use of Prussian blue as a background paint layer is discussed.

scholarly journals The Importance of Being Versatile: INFN-CHNet MA-XRF Scanner on Furniture at the CCR “La Venaria Reale”

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Leandro Sottili ◽  
Laura Guidorzi ◽  
Anna Mazzinghi ◽  
Chiara Ruberto ◽  
Lisa Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Measuring Head ◽  
Science Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Heritage Science ◽  
Non Destructive

At present, the use of non-destructive, non-invasive X-ray-based techniques is well established in heritage science for the analysis and conservation of works of art. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) plays a fundamental role since it provides information on the elemental composition, contributing to the identification of the materials present on the superficial layers of an artwork. Whenever XRF is combined with the capability of scanning an area to provide the elemental distribution on a surface, the technique is referred to as macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF). The heritage science field, in which the technique is extensively applied, presents a large variety of case studies. Typical examples are paintings, ceramics, metallic objects and manuscripts. This work presents an uncommon application of MA-XRF analysis to furniture. Measurements have been carried out with the MA-XRF scanner of the INFN-CHNet collaboration at the Centro di Conservazione e Restauro “La Venaria Reale”, a leading conservation centre in the field. In particular, a chinoiserie lacquered cabinet of the 18th century and a desk by Pietro Piffetti (1701–1777) have been analysed with a focus on the characterisation of decorative layers and different materials (e.g., gilding in the former and ivory in the latter). The measurements have been carried out using a telemeter for non-planar surfaces, and with collimators of 0.8 mm and 0.4 mm diameter, depending on the spatial resolution needed. The combination of the small measuring head with the use of the telemeter and of a small collimator has guaranteed the ability to scan difficult-to-reach areas with high spatial resolution in a reasonable time (20 × 10 mm2 with 0.2 mm step in less than 20 min).

scholarly journals Material characterisation of a painted beehive panel by hyperspectral imaging in combination with advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Retko ◽  
Maša Kavčič ◽  
Lea Legan ◽  
Polonca Ropret ◽  
Bojana Rogelj Škafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Paint Layer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract In this study, a painted beehive panel from the collection of Slovene Ethnographic Museum was examined with respect to its material composition with the aim to reveal the painting technique. Due to the state of degradation due to outdoor weathering (UV irradiation, rainfall, extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations), as well as past conservation interventions, the object represented a complex analytical challenge. We aimed for non-invasive techniques (FTIR in reflection mode, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging in the range of 400 to 2500 nm), however in order to explore paint layers, cross-sections were also analysed using Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were also used on sample fragments. Various original materials were identified such as pigments and binders. The surface coating applied during restoration interventions was also characterised. Additionally, organic compounds (oxalate, carboxylate), representing transformation products, were found. The potential use of Prussian blue as a background paint layer is discussed.

scholarly journals More than XRF Mapping: STEAM (Statistically Tailored Elemental Angle Mapper) a Pioneering Analysis Protocol for Pigment Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Jacopo Orsilli ◽  
Anna Galli ◽  
Letizia Bonizzoni ◽  
Michele Caccia
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spectral Angle Mapper ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Radiation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Analysis Protocol

Among the possible variants of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), applications exploiting scanning Macro-XRF (MA-XRF) are lately widespread as they allow the visualization of the element distribution maintaining a non-destructive approach. The surface is scanned with a focused or collimated X-ray beam of millimeters or less: analyzing the emitted fluorescence radiation, also elements present below the surface contribute to the elemental distribution image obtained, due to the penetrative nature of X-rays. The importance of this method in the investigation of historical paintings is so obvious—as the elemental distribution obtained can reveal hidden sub-surface layers, including changes made by the artist, or restorations, without any damage to the object—that recently specific international conferences have been held. The present paper summarizes the advantages and limitations of using MA-XRF considering it as an imaging technique, in synergy with other hyperspectral methods, or combining it with spot investigations. The most recent applications in the cultural Heritage field are taken into account, demonstrating how obtained 2D-XRF maps can be of great help in the diagnostic applied on Cultural Heritage materials. Moreover, a pioneering analysis protocol based on the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) algorithm is presented, unifying the MA-XRF standard approach with punctual XRF, exploiting information from the mapped area as a database to extend the comprehension to data outside the scanned region, and working independently from the acquisition set-up. Experimental application on some reference pigment layers and a painting by Giotto are presented as validation of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Computed microtomography in the analysis of fiber migration in yarn

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Toda ◽  
Katarzyna Ewa Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Method ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Migration Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract This study is a short analysis of the use of computer microphotography in fiber migration testing as a modern nondestructive testing method. Microtomography operates similarly to X-ray computed tomography systems used in medicine, but with much better resolution owing to the use of a smaller radiation spot. The internal structure is reconstructed as a series of two-dimensional cross-sections that are then used to create 2D and 3D morphological objects. This process is non-destructive and does not require special preparation of a testing material.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Two Albanian Post-Byzantine Icons Attributed to Simoni i Ardenices

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Enrico Franceschi ◽  
Dion Nole ◽  
Stefano Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Light Reflectance ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Byzantine Icons ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Non Destructive

Aims: The present study is part of a project concerning the characterisation of a limited number of selected Albanian Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons, through the identification of pigments, of painting technique and the state of conservation of the artworks. The Albanian iconographers produced an extraordinary amount of icons from the 14th till the 19th century, and over six thousand of them are kept in the Museum of Medieval Art of Korça (Albania). This paper refers to the results obtained in the study of two artworks, the first one by Simoni i Ardenices an important Albanian painter of XVII century, and the second one attributed to him. Study Design:  The present work is part of a more general study concerning Albanian Byzantine and post-Byzantine icons. Place and Duration of Study: Museum of Medieval Art of Korça, Albania, between June 2008 and July 2009. Methodology: The work was conducted by non-destructive methods, X-ray fluorescence, visible light reflectance spectrophotometry and UV fluorescence analysis, according to a systematic procedure developed in the same Chemical Physical Laboratory for Cultural Heritage. A number of areas, for each painting, were chosen in order to carry out the measurements. With this procedure, we could identify the inorganic pigments from their characteristic features. Moreover, the study of the chemical physical properties of paintings is of fundamental importance for any accurate restoration intervention.  Results and Conclusion: The present work, concerning the study of two icons of the second half of 17th century by Simoni i Ardenices, has allowed us to identify the painting technique and the palette used in these works of art. Moreover, the areas of the paintings in which old restorations have been made have also been identified.

scholarly journals Ancient basketry on the inside: X-ray computed microtomography for the non-destructive assessment of small archaeological monocotyledonous fragments: examples from Southeast Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Andonova
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThis study proposes non-destructive assessment instrumentation, the X-ray MicroCT scanning, to evaluate archaeological basketry remains prior to any destructive analysis. Three case studies are originating from two archaeological sites in Southeast Europe, with three different stages of preservation (poor, sufficient and very good). In addition, there are two preservation modes—charring and desiccation—along with two conservation situations: treated and untreated with conservation agent fragments. The three different scenarios were chosen to explore the potential range of X-ray MicroCT scanning technology when applied to monocotyledonous small-sized archaeological remains. It was proved that this non-invasive X-ray method is particularly suitable for the often-disadvantaged ancient basketry remains.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Examination of Artistic Pigments, Paints, and Paintings by Means of X-Ray Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Janssens ◽  
Geert Van der Snickt ◽  
Frederik Vanmeert ◽  
Stijn Legrand ◽  
Gert Nuyts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Ray Methods

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Tomographic Technique and Its Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Takiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tomographic Technique ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are excellent techniques for non-destructive or non-invasive inspections, however, they have shotcomings including the expensive cost in both the devices themselves and their protection facilities, the harmful side effects of the X-rays to human bodies and to the environment. In view of this argument, it is necessary to develop new, inexpensive, safe and reliable tomographic techniques, especially in medical imaging and non-destructive inspections. There are new tomographic techniques under development such as optical tomography, photo-acoustic tomography, ultrasonic tomography and so on, from which we take ultrasonic tomography as the topic in this paper. We introduce a review of the known ultrasonic tomographic techniques and discuss their future development.

scholarly journals The use of diagnostic radiology to detect shell irregularities in the New Zealand paua (abalone) Haliotis iris

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Schofield ◽  
Roseanne M. Grindley ◽  
Jonathan A. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Display Unit ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Video Display Unit

A method is described for the non-destructive, non-invasive, detection of shell lesions in the New Zealand paua, a marine gastropod Haliotis iris using diagnostic radiology. The X-ray method reliably detected the presence of shell lesions in 96% of the cases examined once lesion dimensions exceeded 6.2 × 7.1 mm. The extent of lesions above this size can be reliably and accurately determined from X-ray images viewed on a video display unit (VDU). Biofouling on the outside of the shell can cause misdiagnoses. This method is a significant animal welfare refinement in the identification of marine gastropods with shell lesions, when compared with traditional techniques which kill the animals.

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