scholarly journals Chemometric Modeling of Trace Element Data for Origin Determination of Demantoid Garnets

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Stefan Bindereif ◽  
Felix Rüll ◽  
Stephan Schwarzinger ◽  
Clemens Schwarzinger
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Mining Regions ◽  
Titanium Vanadium

The determination of country of origin poses a common problem in the appraisal of gemstones and is in many cases still based on the observation of inclusions and growth features of a gem, whereas chemical analysis is only done by major labs. We have used Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to analyze the trace element profiles of demantoid garnets from six different countries and identified a set of six elements, which are magnesium, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and manganese, that are necessary to assign the mining regions with a good certainty. By using the logarithms of the trace element concentrations and subjecting them to chemometric modeling, we were able to separate the demantoids originating from Russia, Pakistan, Namibia, Iran, and Madagascar very well, leaving only Italy with some uncertainty. Results are presented for an “all origins” model as well as pair-wise comparison of two locations at a time, which lead to even better results.

scholarly journals Using trace elements to identify the geographic origin of migratory bats

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10082
Author(s):  
Jamin G. Wieringa ◽  
Juliet Nagel ◽  
David M. Nelson ◽  
Bryan C. Carstens ◽  
H. Lisle Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Lasiurus Borealis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Element Profiles ◽  
Geographic Sources

The expansion of the wind energy industry has had benefits in terms of increased renewable energy production but has also led to increased mortality of migratory bats due to interactions with wind turbines. A key question that could guide bat-related management activities is identifying the geographic origin of bats killed at wind-energy facilities. Generating this information requires developing new methods for identifying the geographic sources of individual bats. Here we explore the viability of assigning geographic origin using trace element analyses of fur to infer the summer molting location of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis). Our approach is based on the idea that the concentration of trace elements in bat fur is related through the food chain to the amount of trace elements present in the soil, which varies across large geographic scales. Specifically, we used inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of fourteen trace elements in fur of 126 known-origin eastern red bats to generate a basemap for assignment throughout the range of this species in eastern North America. We then compared this map to publicly available soil trace element concentrations for the U.S. and Canada, used a probabilistic framework to generate likelihood-of-origin maps for each bat, and assessed how well trace element profiles predicted the origins of these individuals. Overall, our results suggest that trace elements allow successful assignment of individual bats 80% of the time while reducing probable locations in half. Our study supports the use of trace elements to identify the geographic origin of eastern red and perhaps other migratory bats, particularly when combined with data from other biomarkers such as genetic and stable isotope data.

Determination of trace element impurities in nuclear materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in a glove-box

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatan Kopajtic ◽  
Stefan Röllin ◽  
Beat Wernli ◽  
Chantal Hochstrasser ◽  
Guido Ledergerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry
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