scholarly journals The Human Vulvar Microbiome: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Lisa Pagan ◽  
Roos A. M. Ederveen ◽  
Bertine W. Huisman ◽  
Jan W. Schoones ◽  
Romy D. Zwittink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Vulvar Disease ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Size Population ◽  
The Relationship

The link between cancer and the microbiome is a fast-moving field in research. There is little knowledge on the microbiome in ((pre)malignant) conditions of the vulvar skin. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the microbiome composition of the healthy vulvar skin and in (pre)malignant vulvar disease. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive, electronic search strategy was used to identify original research articles (updated September 2021). The inclusion criteria were articles using culture-independent methods for microbiome profiling of the vulvar region. Ten articles were included. The bacterial composition of the vulva consists of several genera including Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Prevotella, suggesting that the vulvar microbiome composition shows similarities with the corresponding vaginal milieu. However, the vulvar microbiome generally displayed higher diversity with commensals of cutaneous and fecal origin. This is the first systematic review that investigates the relationship between microbiome and vulvar (pre)malignant disease. There are limited data and the level of evidence is low with limitations in study size, population diversity and methodology. Nevertheless, the vulvar microbiome represents a promising field for exploring potential links for disease etiology and targets for therapy.

scholarly journals The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica B. Farley ◽  
Lily M. Barrett ◽  
Justin W. L. Keogh ◽  
Carl T. Woods ◽  
Nikki Milne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. Methods Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data synthesis determined summary conclusions based on the number of significant relationships divided by the total relationships investigated and reported as a percentage. Level of certainty was identified for summary conclusions based on level of evidence. Sub-analyses regarding competition level, age, and single injury types were also conducted. Results A total of 44 studies were included. Data synthesis revealed no associations (low to moderate certainty) between body composition (1/9; 11%), flexibility (18–20%), and balance (2/8; 25%) and ‘any injury’ classification. No associations (mostly of moderate certainty) were found between flexibility (0–27%), muscular strength (0–27%), and body composition (14–33%) and various body region injury classifications, whereas mixed summary conclusions were shown for balance (0-48%). Many associations between physical fitness and sports injury were deemed ‘unknown’ or with an insufficient level of certainty. Sub-analyses revealed no association between strength and noncontact ACL injuries (0/5; 0%) or ankle sprains (0/12; 0%), and between flexibility and ankle sprains (1/5; 20%); however, insufficient certainty of these results exists. Clear associations were concluded between balance and lower body injuries in female, non-elite (10/16; 63%) and junior (9/12; 75%) team ball sport players, with moderate and insufficient certainty of these results, respectively. Conclusion Limited evidence is available to demonstrate relationships between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. High-quality evidence investigating the multifactorial nature of sports injury, including the interactions physical fitness qualities have with other injury determinants, is needed to better understand the role of physical fitness in minimising sports injuries in female, team ball sport players. Trial Registration CRD42017077374 (PROSPERO on September 14, 2017).

scholarly journals Over one third of patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement display femoral or acetabular version abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaki Arshad ◽  
Henry David Maughan ◽  
Karadi Hari Sunil Kumar ◽  
Matthew Pettit ◽  
Arvind Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Acetabular Version ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Femoral Version ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was investigate the relationship between version and torsional abnormalities of the acetabulum, femur and tibia in patients with symptomatic FAI. Methods A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases. Original research articles evaluating the described version and torsional parameters in FAI were included. The MINORS criteria were used to appraise study quality and risk of bias. Mean version and torsion values were displayed using forest plots and the estimated proportion of hips displaying abnormalities in version/torsion were calculated. Results A total of 1206 articles were identified from the initial search, with 43 articles, involving 8861 hips, meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies evaluating femoral or acetabular version in FAI reported ‘normal’ mean version values (10–25 °). However, distribution analysis revealed that an estimated 31% and 51% of patients with FAI displayed abnormal central acetabular and femoral version, respectively. Conclusion Up to 51% of patients presenting with symptomatic FAI show an abnormal femoral version, whilst up to 31% demonstrate abnormal acetabular version. This high percentage of version abnormalities highlights the importance of evaluating these parameters routinely during assessment of patients with FAI, to guide clinical decision-making. Level of evidence IV.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Humeral Torsion and Arm Injury in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Helmkamp ◽  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Allison Rao ◽  
Ellen Shanley ◽  
Charles Thigpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Humeral Torsion ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Humeral torsion (HT) has been linked to various injuries and benefits. However, the exact interplay between HT, shoulder range of motion (ROM), competition level differences, and injury risk is unclear. Objective: To determine the relationship between HT, ROM, and injury risk in baseball players. Secondarily, to determine HT based on competition level. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until November 4, 2018. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria consisted of (1) HT measurements and (2) arm injury or shoulder ROM. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Two reviewers recorded patient demographics, competition level, HT, shoulder ROM, and injury data. Results: A total of 32 studies were included. There was no difference between baseball players with shoulder and elbow injuries and noninjured players (side-to-side HT difference: mean difference [MD], 1.75 [95% CI, –1.83 to 2.18]; dominant arm: MD, 0.17 [95% CI, –1.83 to 2.18]). Meta-regression determined that for every 1° increase in shoulder internal rotation (IR), there was a subsequent increase of 0.65° in HT (95% CI, 0.28 to 1.02). HT did not explain external rotation (ER ROM: 0.19 [95% CI, –0.24 to 0.61]) or horizontal adduction (HA ROM: 0.18 [95% CI, –0.46 to 0.82]). There were no differences between HT at the high school, college, or professional levels. Conclusion: No relationship was found between HT and injury risk. However, HT explained 65% of IR ROM but did not explain ER ROM or HA ROM. There were no differences in HT pertaining to competition level. The majority of IR may be nonmodifiable. Treatment to restore and maintain clinical IR may be important, especially in players with naturally greater torsion. HT adaptation may occur prior to high school, which can assist in decisions regarding adolescent baseball participation.

scholarly journals Physical functional performance and prognosis in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván José Fuentes-Abolafio ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte ◽  
María Rosa Bernal-López ◽  
Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Physical Functional Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Patients with Heart Failure (HF) show impaired functional capacities which have been related to their prognosis. Moreover, physical functional performance in functional tests has also been related to the prognosis in patients with HF. Thus, it would be useful to investigate how physical functional performance in functional tests could determine the prognosis in patients with HF, because HF is the leading cause of hospital admissions for people older than 65 years old. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarise and synthesise the evidence published about the relationship between physical functional performance and prognosis in patients with HF, as well as assess the risk of bias of included studies and the level of evidence per outcome. Methods Major electronic databases, such as PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science, were searched from inception to March 2020 for observational longitudinal cohort studies (prospective or retrospective) examining the relationship between physical functional performance and prognosis in patients with HF. Results 44 observational longitudinal cohort studies with a total of 22,598 patients with HF were included. 26 included studies reported a low risk of bias, and 17 included studies showed a moderate risk of bias. Patients with poor physical functional performance in the Six Minute Walking Test (6MWT), in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and in the Gait Speed Test showed worse prognosis in terms of larger risk of hospitalisation or mortality than patients with good physical functional performance. However, there was a lack of homogeneity regarding which cut-off points should be used to stratify patients with poor physical functional performance from patients with good physical functional performance. Conclusion The review includes a large number of studies which show a strong relationship between physical functional performance and prognosis in patients with HF. Most of the included studies reported a low risk of bias, and GRADE criteria showed a low and a moderate level of evidence per outcome.

scholarly journals Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Arnold ◽  
Charles A. Thigpen ◽  
Paul F. Beattie ◽  
Michael J. Kissenberth ◽  
Ellen Shanley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Context: Despite rising awareness of the risks associated with sports participation, overuse injuries continue to increase in youth athlete populations. Physeal injuries are one type of overuse injury exclusive to pediatric populations that are often sustained during athletic practice or competition. Overuse physeal injuries are, in theory, preventable; however, little consensus has been reached surrounding the risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies. Objective: This systematic review summarizes the best available evidence concerning overuse physeal injuries in youth and adolescent athletes. It can be used to develop prevention and treatment programs specific to this population. Data Sources: PubMed and Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost) were explored using the keyword physeal injuries from January 1950 through May 2015 to identify 24 studies. Study Selection: Original research studies of athletic populations with mechanisms of injury related to sport were chosen. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted as available from 24 eligible studies. Study quality was rated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines. Results: Risk factors for injury include periods of accelerated growth, chronological age, body size, training volume, and previous injury. Injury prevention strategies currently emphasize participation limitations and sport-specific training programs in skeletally immature athletes. The most effective treatment after an overuse physeal injury was an extended period of active rest and joint immobilization when necessary. Conclusion: Overuse physeal injuries are multifactorial in nature. Muscular imbalances after accelerated growth periods predispose young athletes to overuse injuries. Modifiable risk factors such as flexibility, strength, and training volume should be regularly monitored to prevent these injuries.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Injuries in Runners: A Systematic Review of Foot Strike Technique and Its Classification at Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 232596712110202
Author(s):  
Aoife Burke ◽  
Sarah Dillon ◽  
Siobhán O’Connor ◽  
Enda F. Whyte ◽  
Shane Gore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Background: It has been suggested that foot strike technique (FST) at initial contact is related to running-related injuries (RRIs). Purpose: To explore the relationship between FST and RRIs. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Included were studies published in the English language that explored the relationship between FST and RRIs between January 1960 and November 2020. Results were extracted and collated. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was applied to synthesize the quality of evidence. Results: We reviewed 13 studies exploring the relationship between FST and RRIs. Of these, 6 studies reported FST categorically (foot strike pattern [FSP]), and 7 reported continuous measures (foot contact angle, ankle flexion angle, and strike index). Three of the 6 studies looking at categorical FSP found rearfoot strikers have a significantly greater retrospective injury rate than do non– rearfoot strikers, with 1 other study noting a greater risk associated with midfoot and forefoot strike. Regarding the continuous measures of FST, only 1 of the 7 studies reported a significant relationship with RRIs. Conclusion: There was low evidence to suggest a relationship between FST (or its subcategories of categorical FSP and continuous measures) and RRIs. While two-thirds of the categorical studies found a relationship between FSP and RRIs, these studies were very low quality, with limitations such as retrospective study design, low participant numbers, and poor FSP assessment methods. More large-scale prospective studies are required.

scholarly journals Determining the association between fibromyalgia, the gut microbiome and its biomarkers: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Erdrich ◽  
Jason A Hawrelak ◽  
Stephen P Myers ◽  
Joanna E Harnett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Gut Dysfunction ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The association between fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome is well-established. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome have been reported, however, this association is poorly understood in fibromyalgia. Our aim was to summarise the research reporting on the gastrointestinal microbiome and its biomarkers in people with fibromyalgia.Methods A systematic review of published original research reporting on the gastrointestinal microbiota and its biomarkers in adults with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia was undertaken.Results From 4771 studies, 11 met our inclusion criteria and were separated into four main groups: papers reporting Helicobacter pylori ; other gut bacterial markers; metabolomics and other biomarkers, which included intestinal permeability and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Conclusion The results suggest there is a paucity of quality research in this area, with indications that the gut microbiota may play a role in fibromyalgia within the emerging field of the gut-musculoskeletal axis. Further investigations into the relationship between the gut microbiota, gut dysfunction and fibromyalgia are warranted.

scholarly journals The relationship between telework from home and employee health: a systematic review

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Kristian Lunde ◽  
Lise Fløvik ◽  
Jan Olav Christensen ◽  
Håkon A. Johannessen ◽  
Live Bakke Finne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Globalization and technological progress have made telework arrangements such as telework from home (TWFH) well-established in modern economies. TWFH was rapidly and widely implemented to reduce virus spread during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and will probably be widespread also post-pandemic. How such work arrangements affect employee health is largely unknown. Main objective of this review was to assess the evidence on the relationship between TWFH and employee health. Methods We conducted electronic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Amed, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus for peer-reviewed, original research with quantitative design published from January 2010 to February 2021. Our aim was to assess the evidence for associations between TWFH and health-related outcomes in employed office workers. Risk of bias in each study was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the collected body of evidence was evaluated using the the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results We included 14 relevant studies (22,919 participants) reporting on 28 outcomes, which were sorted into six outcome categories (general health, pain, well-being, stress, exhaustion & burnout, and satisfaction with overall life & leisure). Few studies, with many having suboptimal designs and/or other methodological issues, investigating a limited number of outcomes, resulted in the body of evidence for the detected outcome categories being GRADED either as low or very low. Conclusions The consisting evidence on the relationship between TWFH and employee health is scarce. The non-existence of studies on many relevant and important health outcomes indicates a vast knowledge gap that is crucial to fill when determining how to implement TWFH in the future working life. Systematic review registration number PROSPERO registration ID # CRD42021233796.

The relationship between common risk factors and the pathology of pressure ulcer development: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Sup3) ◽  
pp. S4-S12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Blackburn ◽  
Karen Ousey ◽  
Lauren Taylor ◽  
Barry Moore ◽  
Declan Patton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Development ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the associations and relationship between commonly cited risk factors and the pathology of pressure ulcer (PU) development. Method: Using systematic review methodology, original research studies, prospective design and human studies written in English were included. The search was conducted in March 2018, using Ovid, Ovid EMBASE and CINAHL databases. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool and all included studies were quality appraised using the evidence-based librarianship critical appraisal. Results: A total of 382 records were identified, of which five met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted between 1994 and 2017. Most studies were conducted in hospital and geriatric wards. The mean sample size was 96±145.7 participants. Ischaemia, recovery of blood flow and pathological impact of pressure and shear was mainly found as the cited risk factor and PU aetiology. Conclusion: This review systematically analysed five papers exploring the relationship between risk factors for PU development and aetiology. It identified many risk factors and underlying pathological mechanisms that interact in the development of PU including ischaemia, stress, recovery of blood flow, tissue hypoxia and the pathological impact of pressure and shear. There are several pathways in which these pathological mechanisms contribute to PU development and identifying these could establish potential ways of preventing or treating the development of PU for patients.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Association Between Coach and Athlete Rating of Exertion: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Paul ◽  
Paul Read ◽  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Luke Jones
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
High Association ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Subjective monitoring of rate of perceived exertion is common practice in many sports. Typically, the information is used to understand the training load and at times modify forthcoming sessions. Identifying the relationship between the athlete and coach’s interpretation of training would likely further benefit understanding load management. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the relationship between coaches’ rating of intended exertion (RIE) and/or rating of observed exertion (ROE) and athletes’ reported rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods The review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We conducted a search of Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. We assessed the correlation between coach-reported RIE and/or ROE and RPE. Assessment for risk of bias was undertaken using the Quality Appraisal for Reliability Studies (QAREL) checklist. Inclusion criteria were (1) male and/or female individuals, (2) individual and/or team sport active participants, and (3) original research article published in the English language. Results Data from 19 articles were found to meet the eligibility criteria. A random effect meta-analysis based on 11 studies demonstrated a positive association of player vs. coach rating of RIE (r = 0.62 [95% CI 0.5 to 0.7], p < 0.001). The pooled correlation from 7 studies of player vs. coach rating on ROE was r = 0.64 95% CI (0.5 to 0.7), p < 0.001. Conclusion There was a moderate to high association between coach RIE and/or ROE and athlete-reported RPE and this association seems to be influenced by many factors. The suggestions we present in this review are based on imploring practitioners to consider a multi-modal approach and the implications of monitoring when using RPE. Trial Registration CRD42020193387

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