scholarly journals Rhodotorula kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26—The Source of Multifunctional Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Dana Byrtusová ◽  
Martin Szotkowski ◽  
Klára Kurowska ◽  
Volha Shapaval ◽  
Ivana Márová
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Microbial Biotechnology ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Valuable Product

Multifunctional biomass is able to provide more than one valuable product, and thus, it is attractive in the field of microbial biotechnology due to its economic feasibility. Carotenogenic yeasts are effective microbial factories for the biosynthesis of a broad spectrum of biomolecules that can be used in the food and feed industry and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as a source of biofuels. In the study, we examined the effect of different nitrogen sources, carbon sources and CN ratios on the co-production of intracellular lipids, carotenoids, β–glucans and extracellular glycolipids. Yeast strain R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 was identified as the best co-producer of lipids (66.7 ± 1.5% of DCW), exoglycolipids (2.42 ± 0.08 g/L), β-glucan (11.33 ± 1.34% of DCW) and carotenoids (1.35 ± 0.11 mg/g), with a biomass content of 15.2 ± 0.8 g/L, by using the synthetic medium with potassium nitrate and mannose as a carbon source. It was shown that an increased C/N ratio positively affected the biomass yield and production of lipids and β-glucans.

scholarly journals Production and Partial Characterization of α-Amylase Enzyme from Bacillus sp. BCC 01-50 and Potential Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Ahmed Simair ◽  
Abdul Sattar Qureshi ◽  
Imrana Khushk ◽  
Chaudhry Haider Ali ◽  
Safia Lashari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Amylase Production

Amylase is an industrially important enzyme and applied in many industrial processes such as saccharification of starchy materials, food, pharmaceutical, detergent, and textile industries. This research work deals with the optimization of fermentation conditions for α-amylase production from thermophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. BCC 01-50 and characterization of crude amylase. The time profile of bacterial growth and amylase production was investigated in synthetic medium and maximum enzyme titer was observed after 60 h. In addition, effects of different carbon sources were tested as a substrate for amylase production and molasses was found to be the best. Various organic and inorganic compounds, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, urea, yeast extract, tryptone, beef extract, and peptone, were used and beef extract was found to be the best among the nitrogen sources used. Temperature, pH, agitation speed, and size of inoculum were also optimized. Highest enzyme activity was obtained when the strain was cultured in molasses medium for 60 h in shaking incubator (150 rpm) at 50°C and pH 8. Crude amylase showed maximal activity at pH 9 and 65°C. Enzyme remained stable in alkaline pH range 9-10 and 60–70°C. Crude amylase showed great potential for its application in detergent industry and saccharification of starchy materials.

scholarly journals Optimization of Propagation Medium for Enhanced Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Pseudomonas oleovorans

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Daniela Chmelová ◽  
Barbora Legerská ◽  
Miroslav Ondrejovič ◽  
Stanislav Miertuš
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pseudomonas Oleovorans ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
Carbon Excess

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent a promising alternative to commercially used petroleum-based plastics. Pseudomonas oleovorans is a natural producer of medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) under cultivation conditions with nitrogen limitation and carbon excess. Two-step cultivation appears to be an efficient but more expensive method of PHA production. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare a minimal synthetic medium for maximum biomass yield and to optimize selected independent variables by response surface methodology (RSM). The highest biomass yield (1.71 ± 0.04 g/L) was achieved in the optimized medium containing 8.4 g/L glucose, 5.7 g/L sodium ammonium phosphate and 35.4 mM phosphate buffer. Under these conditions, both carbon and nitrogen sources were completely consumed after 48 h of the cultivation and the biomass yield was 1.7-fold higher than in the conventional medium recommended by the literature. This approach demonstrates the possibility of using two-stage PHA cultivation to obtain the maximum amount of biomass and PHA.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fermentation Medium for the Production of Glucose Isomerase Using Streptomyces sp. SB-P1

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Bhasin ◽  
H. A. Modi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation

The combination of medium ingredients has a profound influence on the metabolic pathways running in the microorganism which regulates the production of numerous metabolites. Glucose isomerase (GI), an enzyme with huge potential in the market, can isomerise glucose into fructose. GI is used widely for the production of High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). HFCS is used as a sweetener in food and pharmaceutical industries. Streptomyces are well-known producers of numerous enzymes including glucose isomerase. An array of 75 isolates was screened for the production of glucose isomerase. The isolate Streptomyces sp. SB-P1 was found to produce maximum amount of extracellular GI. Sucrose and raffinose among pure carbon sources and corn cob and wheat husk among crude agro residues were found to yield high enzyme titers. Potassium nitrate among pure nitrogen sources and soy residues among crude sources gave maximum production. Quantitative effect of carbon, nitrogen, and inducer on GI was also determined. Plackett-Burman design was used to study the effect of different medium ingredients. Sucrose and xylose as carbon sources and peptone and soy residues as nitrogen sources proved to be beneficial for GI production.

scholarly journals Yarrowia lipolyticaand Its Multiple Applications in the Biotechnological Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. G. Gonçalves ◽  
G. Colen ◽  
J. A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Yarrowia lipolyticais a nonpathogenic dimorphic aerobic yeast that stands out due to its ability to grow in hydrophobic environments. This property allowed this yeast to develop an ability to metabolize triglycerides and fatty acids as carbon sources. This feature enables using this species in the bioremediation of environments contaminated with oil spill. In addition,Y. lipolyticahas been calling the interest of researchers due to its huge biotechnological potential, associated with the production of several types of metabolites, such as bio-surfactants,γ-decalactone, citric acid, and intracellular lipids and lipase. The production of a metabolite rather than another is influenced by the growing conditions to whichY. lipolyticais subjected. The choice of carbon and nitrogen sources to be used, as well as their concentrations in the growth medium, and the careful determination of fermentation parameters, pH, temperature, and agitation (oxygenation), are essential for efficient metabolites production. This review discusses the biotechnological potential ofY. lipolyticaand the best growing conditions for production of some metabolites of biotechnological interest.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Sources, Nitrogen Sources and Prebiotics on Growth of Saccharomyces Boulardii

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Guowei Shu ◽  
Zhangteng Lei ◽  
Guanli Du ◽  
Zemin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Cell

Abstract Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has been used as a probiotic for the prevention or treatment of various human gastrointestinal diseases for many years. Thus, S. boulardii has a wide range of application prospects in medicine and food industry. The experiments were investigated with effecting of carbon sources (galactose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glucose, and soluble starch), nitrogen sources (tryptone, casein, yeast extract, peptone, soy peptone, beef extract and malted milk; ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen citrate, triammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and potassium nitrate), prebiotics (xylo-oligosaccharide, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructo-oligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide, stachyose, raffinose and inulin) on the number of viable cells and dry cell weight of S. boulardii. The optimum concentration of 5 % glucose or sucrose, 2 % peptone or yeast extract, 0.4 % urea, 0.2 % fructo-oligosaccharide and 0.6 % galacto-oligosaccharide for S. boulardii grew better in medium.

scholarly journals Degradation and Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Tea-Derived Aspergillus niger RAF106

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Qian’an Fang ◽  
Minru Du ◽  
Jianwen Chen ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genomic Sequence Analysis ◽  
Intracellular Enzymes ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Food And Feed

Microbial degradation is an effective and attractive method for eliminating aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is severely toxic to humans and animals. In this study, Aspergillus niger RAF106 could effectively degrade AFB1 when cultivated in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) with contents of AFB1 ranging from 0.1 to 4 μg/mL. Treatment with yeast extract as a nitrogen source stimulated the degradation, but treatment with NaNO3 and NaNO2 as nitrogen sources and lactose and sucrose as carbon sources suppressed the degradation. Moreover, A. niger RAF106 still degraded AFB1 at initial pH values that ranged from 4 to 10 and at cultivation temperatures that ranged from 25 to 45 °C. In addition, intracellular enzymes or proteins with excellent thermotolerance were verified as being able to degrade AFB1 into metabolites with low or no mutagenicity. Furthermore, genomic sequence analysis indicated that the fungus was considered to be safe owing to the absence of virulence genes and the gene clusters for the synthesis of mycotoxins. These results indicate that A. niger RAF106 and its intracellular enzymes or proteins have a promising potential to be applied commercially in the processing and industry of food and feed to detoxify AFB1.

Influence of cultivation conditions on production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Chmelová ◽  
Miroslav Ondrejovič ◽  
Vladimír Ondáš ◽  
Ernest Šturdík
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

AbstractThe aim of this work was to make a survey describing factors that influence the production of extracellular enzymes by white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora responsible for the degradation of lignocellulolytic materials. These factors were: carbon sources (glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, maltose and starch), nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate, urea, albumin and peptone), pH, temperature and addition of three different concentrations of Cu2+ and Mn2+. The cellulase and xylanase activities were similar in medium with different carbon sources and the highest cellulase and xylanase activities were measured in medium with urea and potassium nitrate as nitrogen sources, respectively. The highest laccase activity was observed in medium with lignin and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources. In other experiments, time course of production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by white-rot fungus C. subvermispora in medium with lignin or glucose as carbon sources was observed.

Factors influencing growth and ascocarp production in three species of Sporormiella

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 1915-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Asina ◽  
Kanti Jain ◽  
R. F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Three species of Sporormiella (S. intermedia, S. isomera, and S. minima) grew and fruited over wide ranges of pH and temperature. The optimum pH was 7.0 or above and the optimum temperature range for S. intermedia and S. isomera was between 15 and 25 °C and for S. minima between 15 and 35 °C. Light did not affect either growth or fruiting. Ammonium acetate, D-alanine, and L-proline were excellent nitrogen sources for growth and fruiting. Several of the best utilized carbon sources were the following carbohydrates: monosaccharides: D(+)-xylose, D-glucose, fructose, and D-mannose; disaccharides: D(+)-cellobiose and maltose; polysaccharides: Alphacel, dextrin, and starch; sugar alcohols: mannitol and sorbitol. Growth increased linearly with an increase in the concentration of carbon from 1 to 8.0 g/ℓ. Sucrose was poorly utilized by S. intermedia and S. minima while S. isomera failed to utilize it entirely. None of the species studied utilized lactose. Alphacel yielded (at all concentrations) the maximum number of ascocarps. In the case of the other carbohydrates, S. intermedia and S. isomera produced the maximum number of ascocarps at very low concentrations of carbon (1.0 g/ℓ). Maximum production of ascocarps for S. minima was obtained with higher concentrations of carbon. Sporormiella isomera required an exogenous supply of thiamine for growth and ascocarp production while S. intermedia required both thiamine and biotin. Sporormiella minima grew with thiamine but fruited only with the addition of biotin to the medium. All three species grew well in basic synthetic liquid medium (Containing glucose as a carbon source and potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source) but none of them formed ascocarps.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of bio-culturing of fresh water algae, Spirogyra communis (Hassall) Kützing and Hydrodictyon reticulatum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132
Author(s):  
Mehwish Jaffer ◽  
Hammad Ashraf ◽  
Shabnum Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Hydrodictyon Reticulatum

For optimization of cultural conditions for algal biomass production of two local filamentous freshwater algae, namely Hydrodictyon reticulatum, and Spirogyra communis were cultured. Among all these tested media, H. reticulattum gave maximum biomass (18.6 g/l) in Bristol medium whereas, S. communis gave the biomass of 10.5 g/l in Bristol soil media. Then the effect of different carbon sources (lactose, glucose, cellulose and starch) supplement in Bristol media was evaluated for biomass production. Among all the sources cellulose at 1 g/l was found to be significant for optimal mass production of (15.81 g/l) and (18.6 g/l) of S. communis and H. reticulatum, respectively. Both the algal species gave insignificant results in all other carbon sources. The effect of different nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and urea) was tested for biomass production. Urea at 0.1 g/l was found to be best (20.7 g/1000 ml) for optimal growth of H. reticulatum as compared to (16.86 g/1000 ml) of S. communis. However, cellulose as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source were optimized for significant growth of both the algal species. The comparison between the growth rates of both specimens was evaluated. Both the species gave maximum growth up to 15 days of incubation and then the growth started decreasing gradually. It is indicated that the volumetric growth of H. reticulatum is significant in the selected media as compared to S. communis.

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

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