Factors influencing growth and ascocarp production in three species of Sporormiella

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (14) ◽  
pp. 1915-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Asina ◽  
Kanti Jain ◽  
R. F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Three species of Sporormiella (S. intermedia, S. isomera, and S. minima) grew and fruited over wide ranges of pH and temperature. The optimum pH was 7.0 or above and the optimum temperature range for S. intermedia and S. isomera was between 15 and 25 °C and for S. minima between 15 and 35 °C. Light did not affect either growth or fruiting. Ammonium acetate, D-alanine, and L-proline were excellent nitrogen sources for growth and fruiting. Several of the best utilized carbon sources were the following carbohydrates: monosaccharides: D(+)-xylose, D-glucose, fructose, and D-mannose; disaccharides: D(+)-cellobiose and maltose; polysaccharides: Alphacel, dextrin, and starch; sugar alcohols: mannitol and sorbitol. Growth increased linearly with an increase in the concentration of carbon from 1 to 8.0 g/ℓ. Sucrose was poorly utilized by S. intermedia and S. minima while S. isomera failed to utilize it entirely. None of the species studied utilized lactose. Alphacel yielded (at all concentrations) the maximum number of ascocarps. In the case of the other carbohydrates, S. intermedia and S. isomera produced the maximum number of ascocarps at very low concentrations of carbon (1.0 g/ℓ). Maximum production of ascocarps for S. minima was obtained with higher concentrations of carbon. Sporormiella isomera required an exogenous supply of thiamine for growth and ascocarp production while S. intermedia required both thiamine and biotin. Sporormiella minima grew with thiamine but fruited only with the addition of biotin to the medium. All three species grew well in basic synthetic liquid medium (Containing glucose as a carbon source and potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source) but none of them formed ascocarps.

scholarly journals Optimization of Fermentation Medium for the Production of Glucose Isomerase Using Streptomyces sp. SB-P1

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Bhasin ◽  
H. A. Modi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation

The combination of medium ingredients has a profound influence on the metabolic pathways running in the microorganism which regulates the production of numerous metabolites. Glucose isomerase (GI), an enzyme with huge potential in the market, can isomerise glucose into fructose. GI is used widely for the production of High-Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). HFCS is used as a sweetener in food and pharmaceutical industries. Streptomyces are well-known producers of numerous enzymes including glucose isomerase. An array of 75 isolates was screened for the production of glucose isomerase. The isolate Streptomyces sp. SB-P1 was found to produce maximum amount of extracellular GI. Sucrose and raffinose among pure carbon sources and corn cob and wheat husk among crude agro residues were found to yield high enzyme titers. Potassium nitrate among pure nitrogen sources and soy residues among crude sources gave maximum production. Quantitative effect of carbon, nitrogen, and inducer on GI was also determined. Plackett-Burman design was used to study the effect of different medium ingredients. Sucrose and xylose as carbon sources and peptone and soy residues as nitrogen sources proved to be beneficial for GI production.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker)

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Campbell ◽  
Charles E. Chevalier ◽  
Amandine Touron ◽  
Monika Walter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
N Source ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Germination And Growth

Nitrogen fertilisers are widely used in apple orchards. However, the effects of various nitrogen sources on growth and sporulation of the fungus Neonectria ditissima, which causes European canker, are not fully understood. The effects of various nitrogen sources commonly used in apple orchards (potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, Nitrophoska® and urea) on percent germination and germtube growth of N. ditissima conidia were tested in vitro. Nitrogen concentrations below 0.2 mol/L did not significantly affect percent conidial germination; however, concentrations above 0.2 mol/L significantly decreased germination. Germtube growth was also affected, generally decreasing with increased N. Percent germination was influenced by the N source, but germtube growth was not. Very low concentrations of urea were indicated to stimulate germtube growth. Higher concentrations, showed toxic effects on both germination and germtube growth. The presence of exogenous N from various sources did not affect initial germination and growth in the N. ditissima infection process of apple tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Sources, Nitrogen Sources and Prebiotics on Growth of Saccharomyces Boulardii

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Xin Yang ◽  
Guowei Shu ◽  
Zhangteng Lei ◽  
Guanli Du ◽  
Zemin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Cell

Abstract Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has been used as a probiotic for the prevention or treatment of various human gastrointestinal diseases for many years. Thus, S. boulardii has a wide range of application prospects in medicine and food industry. The experiments were investigated with effecting of carbon sources (galactose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, glucose, and soluble starch), nitrogen sources (tryptone, casein, yeast extract, peptone, soy peptone, beef extract and malted milk; ammonium sulfate, urea, diammonium hydrogen citrate, triammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and potassium nitrate), prebiotics (xylo-oligosaccharide, isomaltooligosaccharide, fructo-oligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide, stachyose, raffinose and inulin) on the number of viable cells and dry cell weight of S. boulardii. The optimum concentration of 5 % glucose or sucrose, 2 % peptone or yeast extract, 0.4 % urea, 0.2 % fructo-oligosaccharide and 0.6 % galacto-oligosaccharide for S. boulardii grew better in medium.

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Production of Phenazine-1-Carboxamide by Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tjeerd van Rij ◽  
Monique Wesselink ◽  
Thomas F. C. Chin-A-Woeng ◽  
Guido V. Bloemberg ◽  
Ben J. J. Lugtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Low Concentrations

Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 produces the secondary metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), which is an antifungal metabolite required for biocontrol activity of the strain. Identification of conditions involved in PCN production showed that some carbon sources and all amino acids tested promote PCN levels. Decreasing the pH from 7 to 6 or decreasing the growth temperature from 21 to 16°C decreased PCN production dramatically. In contrast, growth at 1% oxygen as well as low magnesium concentrations increased PCN levels. Salt stress, low concentrations of ferric iron, phosphate, sulfate, and ammonium ions reduced PCN levels. Fusaric acid, a secondary metabolite produced by the soilborne Fusarium spp. fungi, also reduced PCN levels. Different nitrogen sources greatly influenced PCN levels. Analysis of autoinducer levels at conditions of high and low PCN production demonstrated that, under all tested conditions, PCN levels correlate with autoinducer levels, indicating that the regulation of PCN production by environmental factors takes place at or before autoinducer production. Moreover, the results show that autoinducer production not only is induced by a high optical density but also can be induced by certain environmental conditions. We discuss our findings in relation to the success of biocontrol in the field.

scholarly journals Rhodotorula kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26—The Source of Multifunctional Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Dana Byrtusová ◽  
Martin Szotkowski ◽  
Klára Kurowska ◽  
Volha Shapaval ◽  
Ivana Márová
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Microbial Biotechnology ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Valuable Product

Multifunctional biomass is able to provide more than one valuable product, and thus, it is attractive in the field of microbial biotechnology due to its economic feasibility. Carotenogenic yeasts are effective microbial factories for the biosynthesis of a broad spectrum of biomolecules that can be used in the food and feed industry and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as a source of biofuels. In the study, we examined the effect of different nitrogen sources, carbon sources and CN ratios on the co-production of intracellular lipids, carotenoids, β–glucans and extracellular glycolipids. Yeast strain R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 was identified as the best co-producer of lipids (66.7 ± 1.5% of DCW), exoglycolipids (2.42 ± 0.08 g/L), β-glucan (11.33 ± 1.34% of DCW) and carotenoids (1.35 ± 0.11 mg/g), with a biomass content of 15.2 ± 0.8 g/L, by using the synthetic medium with potassium nitrate and mannose as a carbon source. It was shown that an increased C/N ratio positively affected the biomass yield and production of lipids and β-glucans.

Influence of cultivation conditions on production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Chmelová ◽  
Miroslav Ondrejovič ◽  
Vladimír Ondáš ◽  
Ernest Šturdík
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

AbstractThe aim of this work was to make a survey describing factors that influence the production of extracellular enzymes by white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora responsible for the degradation of lignocellulolytic materials. These factors were: carbon sources (glucose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, maltose and starch), nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate, urea, albumin and peptone), pH, temperature and addition of three different concentrations of Cu2+ and Mn2+. The cellulase and xylanase activities were similar in medium with different carbon sources and the highest cellulase and xylanase activities were measured in medium with urea and potassium nitrate as nitrogen sources, respectively. The highest laccase activity was observed in medium with lignin and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources. In other experiments, time course of production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by white-rot fungus C. subvermispora in medium with lignin or glucose as carbon sources was observed.

Optimization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by halotolerant bacterial strains isolated from saline environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 4775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila Fathima ◽  
Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy*
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

PHB is a biodegradable plastic which is becoming an environmentally friendly substitute to the synthetic plastics that are persistent and accumulate in large amounts and are non-degradable. PHB is a class of Polyhydroxyalkanoate which are similar to commercial plastics like polypropylene but with an added advantage of being biodegradable. To overcome the problem of commercializing PHB production by microorganisms because of the high cost involved, Halotolerant organisms can be used as they are easier to cultivate and do not require strict sterile conditions. In this present study PHB producing halotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from a marine environment and cultivated under saline conditions. The growth conditions of the bacterial strains were optimized for maximum production of PHB. The parameters such as pH, temperature, NaCl concentration, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and carbon and nitrogen ratio were optimized and studied.  The growth conditions for each of the parameter were optimized and the PHB production was estimated for the bacterial strains under saline conditions. The optimum pH and temperature range yielded maximum PHB production of about 42 – 45 mg/100ml and 30 – 40 mg/100ml respectively. The perspective application of PHB could be in the medicinal field for manufacturing medical devices as implants for various surgeries such as dental, cranio – maxillofacial and dental surgeries. 

THE METABOLISM OF YEAST SPORULATION: V. STIMULATION AND INHIBITION OF SPORULATION AND GROWTH BY NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Low Concentrations

The effects of a variety of nitrogen compounds, mainly amino acids, on ascus production by S. cerevisiae in sporulation media containing several carbon sources were compared. With acetate, glucose, ethanol, pyruvate, and lactate all the amino acids (0.01 M) and most other nitrogen compounds inhibited sporulation. With dihydroxyacetone fewer nitrogen compounds inhibited and alanine, phenylalanine, glycine, and lysine (especially the latter) increased sporulation, even at low concentrations (0.0001 M). Sporulation in buffer resembled sporulation in dihydroxyacetone in its response to amino acids. For greatest inhibition of sporulation the simultaneous presence of carbon and nitrogen sources was necessary. With dihydroxyacetone as carbon source, glutamic acid increased the average number of spores per ascus, but decreased it with all other carbon sources.No correlation was evident between the effects of the amino acids on sporulation and their value as nitrogen sources for growth or with changes in the oxygen uptake of cells in their presence. Dihydroxyacetone did not support growth when the nitrogen source was ammonium sulphate, but slow growth resulted when ammonium sulphate was replaced by glutamic acid or casein hydrolyzate.A sporulation medium is recommended containing, in water (or buffer) agar, 0.02 M dihydroxyacetone and 0.01 M lysine.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of bio-culturing of fresh water algae, Spirogyra communis (Hassall) Kützing and Hydrodictyon reticulatum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132
Author(s):  
Mehwish Jaffer ◽  
Hammad Ashraf ◽  
Shabnum Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Hydrodictyon Reticulatum

For optimization of cultural conditions for algal biomass production of two local filamentous freshwater algae, namely Hydrodictyon reticulatum, and Spirogyra communis were cultured. Among all these tested media, H. reticulattum gave maximum biomass (18.6 g/l) in Bristol medium whereas, S. communis gave the biomass of 10.5 g/l in Bristol soil media. Then the effect of different carbon sources (lactose, glucose, cellulose and starch) supplement in Bristol media was evaluated for biomass production. Among all the sources cellulose at 1 g/l was found to be significant for optimal mass production of (15.81 g/l) and (18.6 g/l) of S. communis and H. reticulatum, respectively. Both the algal species gave insignificant results in all other carbon sources. The effect of different nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and urea) was tested for biomass production. Urea at 0.1 g/l was found to be best (20.7 g/1000 ml) for optimal growth of H. reticulatum as compared to (16.86 g/1000 ml) of S. communis. However, cellulose as carbon source and urea as nitrogen source were optimized for significant growth of both the algal species. The comparison between the growth rates of both specimens was evaluated. Both the species gave maximum growth up to 15 days of incubation and then the growth started decreasing gradually. It is indicated that the volumetric growth of H. reticulatum is significant in the selected media as compared to S. communis.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRITION ON SYNNEMATA FORMATION IN HIRSUTELLA GIGANTEA PETCH

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Loughheed
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Phosphoglyceric Acid ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Liver Fraction

The influence of nutrition on synnemata formation in Hirsutella gigantea has been studied. A number of carbon sources were satisfactory but a "crude glucose" preparation was the best. Only two nitrogen sources gave good yields of synnemata and both were rather complex mixtures. Two other compounds, phosphoglyceric acid and gibberellic acid, both known stimulants of other morphological processes, also increased synnemata production.An apparent light requirement of synnemata formation may also be satisfied by some compound(s) in "crude glucose", liver fraction L, and autolyzed yeast. Phosphoglyceric acid and gibberellic acid were more effective stimulants in the dark than in the light.Synnemata were formed earlier and were more plentiful if the medium was inoculated by flooding rather than with a loop.A medium which will support the growth of H. gigantea and the production of synnemata within 4 weeks has been formulated.It is concluded that the diversity of factors influencing synnemata formation indicates that the morphological differentiation is a multistep process which may be affected at several points.

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