scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Macrolide Resistance Mechanisms of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Pigs and Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyun Choi ◽  
Dong Chan Moon ◽  
Abraham Fikru Mechesso ◽  
Hee Young Kang ◽  
Su-Jeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
Resistance Rates

We identified 1218 Campylobacter coli isolates from fecal and carcass samples of pigs (n = 643) and chickens (n = 575) between 2010 and 2018. About 99% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. The isolates exhibited high resistance rates (>75%) to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Azithromycin and erythromycin resistance rates were the highest in isolates from pigs (39.7% and 39.2%, respectively) compared to those of chickens (15.8% and 16.3%, respectively). Additionally, a low-to-moderate proportion of the isolates were resistant to florfenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin, and telithromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 83.1% of the isolates, and profiles of MDR usually included ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. We found point mutation (A2075G) in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene in the majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates. Multilocus sequence typing of 137 erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates revealed 37 previously reported sequence types (STs) and 8 novel STs. M192I, A103VI, and G74A substitutions were frequently noted in the ribosomal proteins L4 or L22. Further, we identified a considerable proportion (>90%) of erythromycin-resistant isolates carrying virulence factor genes: flaA, cadF, ceuE, and VirB. The prudent use of antimicrobials and regular microbiological investigation in food animals will be vital in limiting the public health hazards of C. coli in Korea.

scholarly journals Molecular Basis of Macrolide Resistance inCampylobacterStrains Isolated from Poultry in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Wei ◽  
Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Protein L22 ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Azithromycin Resistance

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying macrolide resistance in 38 strains ofCampylobacterisolated from poultry. Twenty-seven strains were resistant to azithromycin and erythromycin, five showed intermediate azithromycin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility, and six showed azithromycin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility. FourCampylobacter jejuniand sixCampylobacter colistrains had azithromycin MICs which were 8–16 and 2–8-fold greater than those of erythromycin, respectively. The A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was detected in 11 resistant strains with MICs ranging from 64 to ≥ 512μg/mL. Mutations including V137A, V137S, and a six-amino acid insertion (114-VAKKAP-115) in ribosomal protein L22 were detected in theC. jejunistrains. Erythromycin ribosome methylase B-erm(B) was not detected in any strain. All strains except three showed increased susceptibility to erythromycin with twofold to 256-fold MIC change in the presence of phenylalanine arginine ß-naphthylamide (PAßN); the effects of PAßN on azithromycin MICs were limited in comparison to those on erythromycin MICs, and 13 strains showed no azithromycin MIC change in the presence of PAßN. Differences between azithromycin and erythromycin resistance and macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes were observed even in highly resistant strains. Further studies are required to better understand macrolide resistance inCampylobacter.

scholarly journals Natural Transformation-Mediated Transfer of Erythromycin Resistance in Campylobacter coli Strains from Turkeys and Swine

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1316-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Sung Kim ◽  
Donna K. Carver ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Spontaneous Mutants

ABSTRACT Erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter coli from meat animals is frequently encountered and could represent a substantial barrier to antibiotic treatment of human infections. Erythromycin resistance in this organism has been associated with a point mutation (A2075G) in the 23S rRNA gene. However, the mechanisms responsible for possible dissemination of erythromycin resistance in C. coli remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated transformation-mediated acquisition of erythromycin resistance by genotypically diverse C. coli strains from turkeys and swine, with total genomic DNA from erythromycin-resistant C. coli of either turkey or swine origin used as a donor. Overall, transformation to erythromycin resistance was significantly more frequent in C. coli strains from turkeys than in swine-derived strains (P < 0.01). The frequency of transformation to erythromycin resistance was 10−5 to 10−6 for turkey-derived strains but 10−7 or less for C. coli from swine. Transformants harbored the point mutation A2075G in the 23S rRNA gene, as did the erythromycin-resistant strains used as DNA donors. Erythromycin resistance was stable in transformants following serial transfers in the absence of the antibiotic, and most transformants had high MICs (>256 μg/ml), as did the C. coli donor strains. In contrast to the results obtained with transformation, spontaneous mutants had relatively low erythromycin MICs (32 to 64 μg/ml) and lacked the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These findings suggest that natural transformation has the potential to contribute to the dissemination of high-level resistance to erythromycin among C. coli strains colonizing meat animals.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Patterns of Resistance among Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni Isolates, from Pig Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2394
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Papadopoulos ◽  
Evanthia Petridou ◽  
Konstantinos Papageorgiou ◽  
Ioannis A. Giantsis ◽  
Georgios Delis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this research was to characterize the antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from commercial farrow to finish farms in Greece, and analyze the relevant molecular resistance mechanisms among the resistant Campylobacter isolates. Susceptibility testing to five different classes of antibiotics was performed in 100 C. coli and 100 C. jejuni, previously isolated and identified. All isolates were found susceptible to meropenem. Very high rates of resistance were recorded for tetracyclines (84.5%), medium rates of resistance were recorded regarding quinolones (23%), and low and very low rates of resistance were identified for macrolides such as erythromycin and aminoglycosides (12% and 4%, respectively). Only 12.5% of the Campylobacter isolates displayed MDR. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance, all ciprofloxacin resistant isolates hosted the mutant type Thr-86-Ile region of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene. In all erythromycin resistant isolates, the transitional mutations A2075G and A2074C in the 23S rRNA gene were only amplified. Molecular screening of tetracycline resistance genes indicated that the vast majority of Campylobacter isolates (92.3%) were positive for the tet(O) gene. In summary, these findings and especially the very high and medium rates of resistance for tetracyclines and fluroquinolones, respectively recommend that a continuous monitoring of Campylobacter isolates susceptibility in combination with the proper use of antimicrobials in livestock production is of great importance for public health.

scholarly journals Erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter coli from slaughtered animals as a potential public health risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wieczorek ◽  
I. Kania ◽  
J. Osek
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Potential Health

Erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter were isolated from pig, cattle, and poultry carcasses slaughtered in Poland between 2008 and 2011. A total of 1335 strains were examined and among them 20 (1.5%) showed a high level of erythromycin resistance (&ge; 32 mg/l) as determined by the microbroth dilution method. All these isolates were C. coli and mainly originated from poultry (15 strains). PCR amplification or DNA sequencing identified the mutation A2075G in the 23S rRNA gene in all strains tested. The vast majority of such C. coli were also resistant to quinolones, tetracyclines, and streptomycin whereas none of them revealed resistance to gentamycin. Furthermore, several isolates (14; 70.0%) displayed multi-resistance pattern against quinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines. PCR analysis identified several putative virulence genes such as cadF, flaA, and iam (present in all erythromycin resistant isolates) as well as the cdtA and flhA markers (19 and 16 strains, respectively) among C. coli tested. On the other hand, only two out of 20 isolates were positive for the ciaB and docA genes. Furthermore, none of the analysed strains had the virB11 and wlaN markers. A molecular relationship determination of the erythromycin-resistant C. coli performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed 17 different types. This reflects the high genetic diversity among the examined isolates. The results obtained suggest that erythromycin-resistant C.&nbsp;coli from food-producing animals may represent an underestimated potential health risk for consumers. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from faecal samples of pigs chickens and ducks at Dong Thap province

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Thuy Thu Cao ◽  
Hoang Van Minh Nguyen ◽  
Hien Tinh Tran ◽  
James Ian Campbell ◽  
Stephen Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

This study was designed to identify the genetic basis that results in the development of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. We carried out a molecular examination of 75 strains looking for resistance factors. These strains were isolated from faecal samples of pigs, chickens and ducks at Dong Thap province. There were 89.3 % strains which showed mutations on DNA gyrase-gyrA gene at the position 86 (C257T and T227G). There were also a further 32 % strains that showed mutations on gene cmeR encoding the efflux CmeABC pump system. This study has also shown that 29.3 % of Campylobacter spp. have mutations in fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance on both genes gyrA and cmeR. In comparison with Campylobacter jejuni with the mutation C257T (Thr-86-Ile), Campylobacter coli has another mutation at T227G (Thr-86-Met). This mutation, encoding FQ resistance, is common in both swine and poultry but has not yet been identified in Viet Nam. As well as FQ resistance, resistance to erythromycine (Ery) has been detected in C. coli, in 10 strains erythromycin resistance, with a mutation at position A2075G. There was 1 strain which carried two mutations A2075G and A2074C at 23S-rRNA gene, and 2 mutant strains with a double mutation at A2075G and A2076C. In summary, there were three strains of C. coli with double mutations encoding Ery resistance at Dong Thap and this resistance characteristic has not been identified eslewhere.

scholarly journals The Absence of Intervening Sequences in 23S rRNA Genes of Campylobacter coli Isolates from Turkeys Is a Unique Attribute of a Cluster of Related Strains Which Also Lack Resistance to Erythromycin

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamfai Chan ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Robert E. Mandrell ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Intervening Sequences ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Certain Campylobacter strains harbor a transcribed intervening sequence (IVS) in their 23S rRNA genes. Following transcription, the IVS is excised, leading to fragmentation of the 23S rRNA. The origin and possible functions of the IVS are unknown. Furthermore, the distribution of IVS-harboring strains within Campylobacter populations is poorly understood. In this study, 104 strains of Campylobacter coli from turkeys, representing 27 different multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (STs), were characterized in terms of IVS content and erythromycin susceptibility. Sixty-nine strains harbored IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes, whereas the other 35 strains lacked IVSs from at least one of the genes. The STs of the latter strains belonged to an unusual cluster of C. coli STs (cluster II), earlier found primarily in turkey strains and characterized by the presence of the C. jejuni aspA103 allele. The majority (66/69) of strains harboring IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes were resistant to erythromycin, whereas none of the 35 strains with at least one IVS-free 23S rRNA gene were resistant. Cluster II strains could be transformed to erythromycin resistance with genomic DNA from C. coli that harbored IVS and the A2075G transition in the 23S rRNA gene, associated with resistance to erythromycin in Campylobacter. Erythromycin-resistant transformants harbored both the A2075 transition and IVS. The findings suggest that the absence of IVS in C. coli from turkeys is characteristic of a unique clonal group of erythromycin-susceptible strains and that IVS can be acquired by these strains via natural transformation to erythromycin resistance.

scholarly journals The Genetic Environment of thecfrGene and the Presence of Other Mechanisms Account for the Very High Linezolid Resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolate 426-3147L

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1173-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline LaMarre ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Teresa Szal ◽  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genetic Environment ◽  
Linezolid Resistance

ABSTRACTThe clinicalStaphylococcus epidermidisisolate 426-3147L exhibits an unusually high resistance to linezolid that exceeds 256 μg/ml. The presence of thecfrgene, encoding the RNA methyltransferase targeting an rRNA nucleotide located in the linezolid binding site, accounts for a significant fraction of resistance. The association ofcfrwith a multicopy plasmid is one of the factors that contribute to its elevated expression. Mapping of thecfrtranscription start sites identified the nativecfrpromoter. Furthermore, analysis of thecfrtranscripts inStaphylococcus epidermidis426-3147L showed that some of them originate from the upstream plasmid-derived promoters whose activity contributes to efficientcfrtranscription. The genetic environment of thecfrgene and its idiosyncratic transcription pattern result in increased activity of Cfr methyltransferase, leading to a high fraction of the ribosomes being methylated at A2503 of the 23S rRNA. Curing of theStaphylococcus epidermidis426-3147L isolate from thecfr-containing plasmid reduced the linezolid MIC to 64 μg/ml, indicating that other determinants contribute to resistance. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of the C2534T mutation in two of the six 23S rRNA gene alleles as well as the presence of mutations in the genes of ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, which were previously implicated in linezolid resistance. Thus, the combination of resistance mechanisms operating through alteration of the drug target site appears to cause an unusually high level of linezolid resistance in the isolate.

scholarly journals Molecular pathways to high-level azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G E Laumen ◽  
S S Manoharan-Basil ◽  
E Verhoeven ◽  
S Abdellati ◽  
I De Baetselier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Azithromycin Resistance ◽  
Level Resistance

Abstract Background The prevalence of azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing in numerous populations worldwide. Objectives To characterize the genetic pathways leading to high-level azithromycin resistance. Methods A customized morbidostat was used to subject two N. gonorrhoeae reference strains (WHO-F and WHO-X) to dynamically sustained azithromycin pressure. We tracked stepwise evolution of resistance by whole genome sequencing. Results Within 26 days, all cultures evolved high-level azithromycin resistance. Typically, the first step towards resistance was found in transitory mutations in genes rplD, rplV and rpmH (encoding the ribosomal proteins L4, L22 and L34 respectively), followed by mutations in the MtrCDE-encoded efflux pump and the 23S rRNA gene. Low- to high-level resistance was associated with mutations in the ribosomal proteins and MtrCDE efflux pump. However, high-level resistance was consistently associated with mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA, mainly the well-known A2059G and C2611T mutations, but also at position A2058G. Conclusions This study enabled us to track previously reported mutations and identify novel mutations in ribosomal proteins (L4, L22 and L34) that may play a role in the genesis of azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA WIECZOREK ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
JACEK OSEK
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance Mechanisms ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeto Macrolide Antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijie Liu ◽  
Yue Jiang ◽  
Xiaogeng Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Domain V ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Throat swabs from children with suspectedMycoplasma pneumoniae(M. pneumoniae) infection were cultured for the presence ofM. pneumoniaeand its species specificity using the 16S rRNA gene. Seventy-sixM. pneumoniaestrains isolated from 580 swabs showed that 70 were erythromycin resistant with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) around 32–512 mg/L. FiftyM. pneumoniaestrains (46 resistant, 4 sensitive) were tested for sensitivity to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Tetracycline and ciprofloxacin had some effect, and gentamicin had an effect on the majority ofM. pneumoniaestrains. Domains II and V of the 23S rRNA gene and the ribosomal protein L4 and L22 genes, both of which are considered to be associated with macrolide resistance, were sequenced and the sequences were compared with the corresponding sequences in M129 registered with NCBI and the FH strain. The 70 resistant strains all showed a 2063 or 2064 site mutation in domain V of the 23S rRNA but no mutations in domain II. Site mutations of L4 or L22 can be observed in either resistant or sensitive strains, although it is not known whether this is associated with drug resistance.

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