scholarly journals Capripoxvirus Infections in Ruminants: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Jihane Hamdi ◽  
Henry Munyanduki ◽  
Khalid Omari Tadlaoui ◽  
Mehdi El Harrak ◽  
Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Trade Control ◽  
Morbidity Cost ◽  
Control And Eradication

Lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox are notifiable diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively, caused by viruses of the Capripoxvirus genus. They are responsible for both direct and indirect financial losses. These losses arise through animal mortality, morbidity cost of vaccinations, and constraints to animals and animal products’ trade. Control and eradication of capripoxviruses depend on early detection of outbreaks, vector control, strict animal movement, and vaccination which remains the most effective means of control. To date, live attenuated vaccines are widely used; however, conferred protection remains controversial. Many vaccines have been associated with adverse reactions and incomplete protection in sheep, goats, and cattle. Many combination- and recombinant-based vaccines have also been developed. Here, we review capripoxvirus infections and the immunity conferred against capripoxviruses by their respective vaccines for each ruminant species. We also review their related cross protection to heterologous infections.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Strain Isolated from the Skin of a Vaccinated Animal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Lojkić ◽  
Ivana Šimić ◽  
Nina Krešić ◽  
Tomislav Bedeković
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

ABSTRACT Vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease (LSD) can cause adverse reactions. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of an LSD virus strain isolated from the skin of a vaccinated animal. We confirmed that the sequence of the virus used for vaccination remains stable.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and seasonal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle breeds in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUN ALBAYRAK ◽  
EMRE OZAN ◽  
HAMZA KADI ◽  
ABDULLAH CAVUNT ◽  
CUNEYT TAMER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Cattle Breeds

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution patterns of LSDV infections in the provinces of northern Turkey, and to detect the factors influencing the epidemiology of LSD virus infections (age, breed, season, climate, geography, population dynamic, animal movement), as well as to assess the diagnostic value of the sampled materials in the diagnosis of LSDV infections. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important cattle disease. The disease is endemic in many African countries, but outbreaks have also been reported in Turkey and the Middle East. In this study, a total of 564 samples (skin, blood and lung) from different cattle breeds (Jersey, Holstein-Friesian, Anatolian Black, Simmental and Brown Swiss) (n=465) in the many herds suspected of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection as clinically and macroscopic pathologic remarks, housed in the 7 different provinces of northern Turkey, were used for gel based conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). LSDV nucleic acid was detected in 259 of 564 (45.92%) materials by PCR. According to the result of PCR, the LSDV infection was diagnosed in 54.62% (254/465) of the sampled animals. The diagnostic value of necropsy and clinical materials such as skin and lung were determined as more valuable diagnostic materials in the diagnosis of LSDV infection by PCR. Data showed that LSDV infection was widespread in the provinces of northern Turkey and that the prevalence of the infection in the region varies in accordance with factors such as geographical conditions (climate, season, location etc.) and the method of breeding. .

scholarly journals Bovine brucellosis: epidemiological situation in Brazil and disease control initiatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio José Clementino ◽  
Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
National Program ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Control And Eradication

Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus is present throughout Brazil, whose prevalence distribution shows variations among states and within the productive areas of the states, causing serious losses to cattle production and public health due to risk of transmission to humans. Therefore, since 2001, the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) is being implemented in all Federative Units of Brazil, based on the compulsory vaccination of bovine females, control of animal movement and certification of brucellosis-free herds. This review covers the current epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, issues related to public health and economic importance, as well as Brazilian initiatives to control the disease.

scholarly journals The aflatoxin-affair: the invisible victims of crime in the food-sector

Temida ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Kerschke-Risch
Keyword(s):  
Food Sector ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Logistics Company ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Carry Over Effect

The aflatoxin affair is an example which can be assumed as a typical offence committed in the food sector in a globalized world. In 2013 mouldy Serbian feed was distributed by an international logistics company to Germany. The exceptional danger of aflatoxin infested feed is the carry over effect, which means that harmful substances devolve into animal products like milk. Generally speaking victims are identifiable persons who have been physically injured or suffer from financial losses or psychological damage. In contrast to e.g. victims of violence we know almost nothing about the effects of victimization as a result of offences committed in the food sector. The aim of this article is to show and discuss the possible effects of the aflatoxin scandal on consumers who have been victimized. As a result it suggests that victimization effects of offences related to food in general are ignored hitherto both by policy and criminologists.

Adverse Reactions to Field Vaccination Against Lumpy Skin Disease in Jordan

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. e213-e219 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Abutarbush ◽  
W. M. Hananeh ◽  
W. Ramadan ◽  
O. M. Al Sheyab ◽  
A. R. Alnajjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease

scholarly journals Total Number of Cattle in the Republic of Serbia after an Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Marko Lazić ◽  
Jelena Nikitović ◽  
Marina Antić ◽  
Zvonko Spasić ◽  
Bratislav Pešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Livestock Markets ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Republic

Numerous studies conducted worldwide indicate a tendency towards a continuous decline in number of cattle. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent the reduction of the number of cattle and to increase the concentration of animals per farm. In this regard, the objective of this study was to analyze the total number of cattle after an outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in the Republic of Serbia. Due to the occurrence of this highly dangerous infectious disease in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, emergency and preventive vaccination was performed in infected and vulnerable areas in the Republic of Serbia. To prevent the spread of LSD, competent authorities banned public gatherings of cattle at fairs, exhibitions, livestock markets and purchase places, which resulted in economic losses for certain farmers. This disease is believed to have impacted the total number of cattle slaughtered and the number of deaths, as well as the import and export of live cattle, animal products and by-products of animal origin. The comparison between indices for the number of cattle shows a decline in the total number of cattle in the analyzed period across statistical territorial units. Results on the total number of cattle can be used, among other things, to create new and more complex questions arising from current and future farming problems.

scholarly journals Some adverse events following immunization in veterinary medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Vesna Milićević ◽  
Ljubiša Veljović ◽  
Jelena Maksimović-Zorić ◽  
Jadranka Žutić ◽  
Branislav Kureljućić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Untoward Medical Occurrence ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Vaccines are a very effective tool for the prevention and eradication of infective diseases in both veterinary and human medicine. Although for safety reasons, vaccines undergo very strict controls before being placed on the market, the risk of adverse reactions is not eliminated. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adverse event following immunization (AEFI) is any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine. Adverse reactions may arise as a direct consequence of immunization due to the specificity of the vaccine itself, the quality of the vaccine or the immunization errors. In addition, adverse reactions may also be the result of a coincidental relationship between the effect and immunization. However, biological mechanisms of AEFI are very complex. During the mass vaccination campaigns, when a large number of animals are vaccinated in a short period of time, adverse reactions are expected to be the most frequently reported. In Serbia, livestock is currently being vaccinated against Lumpy Skin Disease, Bluetongue, and Classical swine fever.

scholarly journals Observations on the epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Kenya

1982 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
West African ◽  
Cowpox Virus ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Maintenance Cycle ◽  
Virus Strains

SummaryLumpy skin disease virus strains isolated in Kenya over a period of some 20 years have proved to be serologically identical. They were indistinguishable by indirect fluorescent antibody and serum neutralization tests from the South African Neethling and West African serotypes. These two serological methods proved of value in studying the antibody responses to infection.While epizootic spread of LSD has occurred in Kenya, most cases are of a sporadic nature and are thought to be the result of accidental contacts with a maintenance cycle. There is evidence of antibody to LSD in the African buffalo (Syncerus coffer) in those areas where LSD is considered to be enzootic in Kenya, and also in small numbers of domestic cattle. No buffalo or bovine sera contained antibody to cowpox virus. An area enzootic for LSD is proposed and it is suggested that the maintenance cycle involves the buffalo. No antibody was found in the other wild ruminant species examined.

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