scholarly journals Phage Digestion of a Bacterial Capsule Imparts Resistance to Two Antibiotic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hung Luo ◽  
Ya-Han Hsu ◽  
Wen-Jui Wu ◽  
Kai-Chih Chang ◽  
Chen-Sheng Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tail Fiber Protein ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, replicating and multiplying using host resources. For specific infections, bacteriophages have developed extraordinary proteins for recognizing and degrading their host. Inspired by the remarkable development of viral proteins, we used the tail fiber protein to treat multiple drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The tail fiber protein exhibits polysaccharide depolymerases activity which specifically degrades exopolysaccharide (EPS) during the phage–host interaction. However, EPS-degraded cells are observed altering host susceptibility to bacterial lysis peptide, the endolysin-derived peptide. Notably, endolysin is necessary in the process of progeny liberation by breaking the bacterial cell wall. Surprisingly, peeling the EPS animated host to resist colistin, the last-resort antibiotic used in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infection. Tail fiber-modified cell wall reduces colistin attachment, causing temporary antibiotic-resistance and possibly raising clinical risks in treating multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Lytic Myophage Abp53 Encodes Several Proteins Similar to Those Encoded by Host Acinetobacter baumannii and Phage phiKO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 6755-6762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ni Lee ◽  
Tsai-Tien Tseng ◽  
Juey-Wen Lin ◽  
Yung-Chieh Fu ◽  
Shu-Fen Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniiis an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. The emergence of multiple-drug-resistantA. baumanniiisolates has increased in recent years. Directed toward phage therapy, a lytic phage ofA. baumannii, designated Abp53, was isolated from a sputum sample in this study. Abp53 has an isometric head and a contractile tail with tail fibers (belonging toMyoviridae), a latent period of about 10 min, and a burst size of approximately 150 PFU per infected cell. Abp53 could completely lyse 27% of theA. baumanniiisolates tested, which were all multiple drug resistant, but not other bacteria. Mg2+enhanced the adsorption and productivity of, and host lysis by, Abp53. Twenty Abp53 virion proteins were visualized in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a 47-kDa protein being the predicted major capsid protein. Abp53 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 95 kb. Sequence analyses of a 10-kb region revealed 8 open reading frames. Five of the encoded proteins, including 3 tail components and 2 hypothetical proteins, were similar to proteins encoded byA. baumanniistrain ACICU. ORF1176 (one of the tail components, 1,176 amino acids [aa]), which is also similar to tail protein gp21 ofKlebsiellaphage phiKO2, contained repeated domains similar to those within the ACICU_02717 protein ofA. baumanniiACICU and gp21. These findings suggest a common ancestry and horizontal gene transfer during evolution. As phages can expand the host range by domain duplication in tail fiber proteins, repeated domains in ORF1176 might have a similar significance in Abp53.

scholarly journals Virulent Drexlervirial Bacteriophage MSK, Morphological and Genome Resemblance With Rtp Bacteriophage Inhibits the Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Iqbal Khan ◽  
Xiangzheng Gao ◽  
Keying Liang ◽  
Shengsheng Mei ◽  
Jinbiao Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Tail Fiber Protein ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Fiber Protein

Phage-host interactions are likely to have the most critical aspect of phage biology. Phages are the most abundant and ubiquitous infectious acellular entities in the biosphere, where their presence remains elusive. Here, the novel Escherichia coli lytic bacteriophage, named MSK, was isolated from the lysed culture of E. coli C (phix174 host). The genome of phage MSK was sequenced, comprising 45,053 bp with 44.8% G + C composition. In total, 73 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, out of which 24 showed a close homology with known functional proteins, including one tRNA-arg; however, the other 49 proteins with no proven function in the genome database were called hypothetical. Electron Microscopy and genome characterization have revealed that MSK phage has a rosette-like tail tip. There were, in total, 46 ORFs which were homologous to the Rtp genome. Among these ORFs, the tail fiber protein with a locus tag of MSK_000019 was homologous to Rtp 43 protein, which determines the host specificity. The other protein, MSK_000046, encodes lipoprotein (cor gene); that protein resembles Rtp 45, responsible for preventing adsorption during cell lysis. Thirteen MSK structural proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE analysis. Out of these, 12 were vital structural proteins, and one was a hypothetical protein. Among these, the protein terminase large (MSK_000072) subunit, which may be involved in DNA packaging and proposed packaging strategy of MSK bacteriophage genome, takes place through headful packaging using the pac-sites. Biosafety assessment of highly stable phage MSK genome analysis has revealed that the phage did not possess virulence genes, which indicates proper phage therapy. MSK phage potentially could be used to inhibit the multidrug-resistant bacteria, including AMP, TCN, and Colistin. Further, a comparative genome and lifestyle study of MSK phage confirmed the highest similarity level (87.18% ANI). These findings suggest it to be a new lytic isolated phage species. Finally, Blast and phylogenetic analysis of the large terminase subunit and tail fiber protein put it in Rtp viruses’ genus of family Drexlerviridae.

scholarly journals Biomedical Potentialities of Silver Nanoparticles for Clinical Multiple Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Chen ◽  
Xiaoxu Yu ◽  
Qianyu Huo ◽  
Qin Yuan ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
New Strategy

Multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is increasingly recognized as a significant problem in hospitals and causes high morbidity and mortality. Here, we studied the antibacterial effects of AgNPs on clinically isolated multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii, and search for the potential antibacterial mechanism. Based on the results from the colony-forming unit (CFU) method, flow cytometry (FC), and a BrdU ELISA, we conclude that AgNPs can simultaneously induce apoptosis and inhibit new DNA synthesis in bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. This study presents the first discussion of an antibacterial effect by AgNPs in clinically isolated, multidrug-resistant A. Baumannii and provides a new strategy for the use of silver nanoparticles in the multidrug-resistant A. Baumannii clinical problem.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subculture Results in Loss of Potentially Clinically Relevant Heteroresistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Z. Metcalfe ◽  
Elizabeth Streicher ◽  
Grant Theron ◽  
Rebecca E. Colman ◽  
Renee Penaloza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Dynamic Loss ◽  
Tb Diagnostics ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) presents a major public health dilemma. Heteroresistance, the coexistence of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains or of multiple drug-resistant strains with discrete haplotypes, may affect accurate diagnosis and the institution of effective treatment. Subculture, or passage of cells onto fresh growth medium, is utilized to preserve Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell lines and is universally employed in TB diagnostics. The impact of such passages, typically performed in the absence of drug, on drug-resistant subpopulations is hypothesized to vary according to the competitive costs of genotypic resistance-associated variants. We applied ultradeep next-generation sequencing to 61 phenotypically rifampin-monoresistant (n = 17) and preextensively (n = 41) and extensively (n = 3) drug-resistant isolates with presumptive heteroresistance at two time points in serial subculture. We found significant dynamic loss of minor-variant resistant subpopulations across all analyzed resistance-determining regions, including eight isolates (13%) whose antibiogram data would have transitioned from resistant to susceptible for at least one drug through subculture. Surprisingly, some resistance-associated variants appeared to be selected for in subculture.

scholarly journals Exoproteome Analysis of Antagonistic Interactions between the Probiotic Bacteria Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus F and Multidrug Resistant Strain of Klebsiella pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10999
Author(s):  
Olga S. Savinova ◽  
Olga A. Glazunova ◽  
Konstantin V. Moiseenko ◽  
Anna V. Begunova ◽  
Irina V. Rozhkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

The expansion of multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae presents an immense threat for public health. Annually, this microorganism causes thousands of lethal nosocomial infections worldwide. Currently, it has been shown that certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can efficiently inhibit growth of K. pneumoniae and the formation of its biofilms; however, the active principle of such action remains unknown. In the current article, the growth inhibition of MDR K. pneumoniae by two LAB—Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus F—is demonstrated, and the nature of this inhibition studied at the level of exoproteome. This article shows that the exoproteomes of studied LAB contains both classically and non-classically secreted proteins. While for L. reuteri LR1 the substantial portion of classically secreted proteins was presented by cell-wall-degrading enzymes, for L. rhamnosus F only one out of four classically secreted proteins was presented by cell-wall hydrolase. Non-classically secreted proteins of both LAB were primarily metabolic enzymes, for some of which a possible moonlighting functioning was proposed. These results contribute to knowledge regarding antagonistic interaction between LAB and pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and set new perspectives for the use of LAB to control the spread of these microorganisms.

scholarly journals Prediction of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis against drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis by CT nodular consolidation sign

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Ling Huang ◽  
Aliaksandr Skrahin ◽  
Pu-Xuan Lu ◽  
Sofia Alexandru ◽  
Valeriu Crudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Injectable Drugs ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Previously Treated Patients

AbstractMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdrtb) refers to TB infection resistant to at least two most powerful anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampincin. It has been estimated that globally 3.5% (which can be much higher in some regions) of newly diagnosed TB patients, and 20.5% of previously treated patients had mdrtb. Extensively drug-resistant TB (xdrtb) has resistance to rifampin and isoniazid, as well as to any member of the quinolone family and at least one of the second line injectable drugs: kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin. xdrtb accounts for 4-20% of mdrtb. Early detection and targeted treatment are priorities for mdrtb/xdrtb control. The suspicion of mdr/xdr -pulmonary TB (mdrptb or xdrptb) by chest imaging shall suggest intensive diagnostic testing for mdrptb/xdrptb. We hypothesize that multiple nodular consolidation (NC) may serve one of the differentiators for separating dsptb vs mdrptb/xdrptb cases. For this study, mdrptb cases (n=310) and XDR-PTB cases (⋂=I58) were from the NIAID TB Portals Program (TBPP) <https://tbportals.niaid.nih.gov>. Drug sensitive pulmonary TB (dsptb) cases were from the TBPP collection (n=112) as well as the Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control (n=111), Shenzhen, China, and we excluded patients with HIV(+) status. Our study shows NC, particularly multiple NCs, is more common in mdrptb than in dsptb, and more common in xdrptb than in mdrptb. For example, 2.24% of dsptb patients, 13.23% of mdrptb patients, and 20.89% of xdrptb patients, respectively, have NCs with diameter >= 10mm equal or more than 2 in number.

scholarly journals Trend of multiple drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Norway

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Alvseike ◽  
T Leegaard ◽  
P Aavitsland ◽  
J Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

This article reports the trend of multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from humans in Norway from 1998 to 2000. Most of the incidents with multiple resistant S. Typhimurium infection contracted in Norway have been DT104. We should therefore expect an increase of both primary and secondary infections if strains such as phage type DT104 with R-type ACSSuT become endemic.

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