scholarly journals Biomedical Potentialities of Silver Nanoparticles for Clinical Multiple Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Chen ◽  
Xiaoxu Yu ◽  
Qianyu Huo ◽  
Qin Yuan ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
New Strategy

Multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is increasingly recognized as a significant problem in hospitals and causes high morbidity and mortality. Here, we studied the antibacterial effects of AgNPs on clinically isolated multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii, and search for the potential antibacterial mechanism. Based on the results from the colony-forming unit (CFU) method, flow cytometry (FC), and a BrdU ELISA, we conclude that AgNPs can simultaneously induce apoptosis and inhibit new DNA synthesis in bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. This study presents the first discussion of an antibacterial effect by AgNPs in clinically isolated, multidrug-resistant A. Baumannii and provides a new strategy for the use of silver nanoparticles in the multidrug-resistant A. Baumannii clinical problem.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nano-Particles from Natural Products and its Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
Sherin Thomas ◽  
Agnes Mary Mathew ◽  
Anil Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Infections, that are resistant to the various antibiotics, have increased and become a major concern in the field of drug discovery. This has initiated the need to improve the quality of the existing drugs or find an innovative set of strategies to overcome this issue. In the hope of treating multiple-drug resistant infections, the concept of using natural products to form nanoparticles that could resolve the problem has been introduced. This review talks about the myriad ways of synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural products which helps in the treatment of multiple diseases.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subculture Results in Loss of Potentially Clinically Relevant Heteroresistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Z. Metcalfe ◽  
Elizabeth Streicher ◽  
Grant Theron ◽  
Rebecca E. Colman ◽  
Renee Penaloza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Dynamic Loss ◽  
Tb Diagnostics ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) presents a major public health dilemma. Heteroresistance, the coexistence of drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains or of multiple drug-resistant strains with discrete haplotypes, may affect accurate diagnosis and the institution of effective treatment. Subculture, or passage of cells onto fresh growth medium, is utilized to preserve Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell lines and is universally employed in TB diagnostics. The impact of such passages, typically performed in the absence of drug, on drug-resistant subpopulations is hypothesized to vary according to the competitive costs of genotypic resistance-associated variants. We applied ultradeep next-generation sequencing to 61 phenotypically rifampin-monoresistant (n = 17) and preextensively (n = 41) and extensively (n = 3) drug-resistant isolates with presumptive heteroresistance at two time points in serial subculture. We found significant dynamic loss of minor-variant resistant subpopulations across all analyzed resistance-determining regions, including eight isolates (13%) whose antibiogram data would have transitioned from resistant to susceptible for at least one drug through subculture. Surprisingly, some resistance-associated variants appeared to be selected for in subculture.

scholarly journals Phage Digestion of a Bacterial Capsule Imparts Resistance to Two Antibiotic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hung Luo ◽  
Ya-Han Hsu ◽  
Wen-Jui Wu ◽  
Kai-Chih Chang ◽  
Chen-Sheng Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tail Fiber Protein ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, replicating and multiplying using host resources. For specific infections, bacteriophages have developed extraordinary proteins for recognizing and degrading their host. Inspired by the remarkable development of viral proteins, we used the tail fiber protein to treat multiple drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The tail fiber protein exhibits polysaccharide depolymerases activity which specifically degrades exopolysaccharide (EPS) during the phage–host interaction. However, EPS-degraded cells are observed altering host susceptibility to bacterial lysis peptide, the endolysin-derived peptide. Notably, endolysin is necessary in the process of progeny liberation by breaking the bacterial cell wall. Surprisingly, peeling the EPS animated host to resist colistin, the last-resort antibiotic used in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria infection. Tail fiber-modified cell wall reduces colistin attachment, causing temporary antibiotic-resistance and possibly raising clinical risks in treating multiple drug-resistant A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Prediction of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis against drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis by CT nodular consolidation sign

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Ling Huang ◽  
Aliaksandr Skrahin ◽  
Pu-Xuan Lu ◽  
Sofia Alexandru ◽  
Valeriu Crudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Injectable Drugs ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Previously Treated Patients

AbstractMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdrtb) refers to TB infection resistant to at least two most powerful anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampincin. It has been estimated that globally 3.5% (which can be much higher in some regions) of newly diagnosed TB patients, and 20.5% of previously treated patients had mdrtb. Extensively drug-resistant TB (xdrtb) has resistance to rifampin and isoniazid, as well as to any member of the quinolone family and at least one of the second line injectable drugs: kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin. xdrtb accounts for 4-20% of mdrtb. Early detection and targeted treatment are priorities for mdrtb/xdrtb control. The suspicion of mdr/xdr -pulmonary TB (mdrptb or xdrptb) by chest imaging shall suggest intensive diagnostic testing for mdrptb/xdrptb. We hypothesize that multiple nodular consolidation (NC) may serve one of the differentiators for separating dsptb vs mdrptb/xdrptb cases. For this study, mdrptb cases (n=310) and XDR-PTB cases (⋂=I58) were from the NIAID TB Portals Program (TBPP) <https://tbportals.niaid.nih.gov>. Drug sensitive pulmonary TB (dsptb) cases were from the TBPP collection (n=112) as well as the Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control (n=111), Shenzhen, China, and we excluded patients with HIV(+) status. Our study shows NC, particularly multiple NCs, is more common in mdrptb than in dsptb, and more common in xdrptb than in mdrptb. For example, 2.24% of dsptb patients, 13.23% of mdrptb patients, and 20.89% of xdrptb patients, respectively, have NCs with diameter >= 10mm equal or more than 2 in number.

scholarly journals Trend of multiple drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Norway

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Alvseike ◽  
T Leegaard ◽  
P Aavitsland ◽  
J Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

This article reports the trend of multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from humans in Norway from 1998 to 2000. Most of the incidents with multiple resistant S. Typhimurium infection contracted in Norway have been DT104. We should therefore expect an increase of both primary and secondary infections if strains such as phage type DT104 with R-type ACSSuT become endemic.

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