scholarly journals Gut Microbiome of a Multiethnic Community Possessed No Predominant Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Thwe Khine ◽  
Anna Hui Ting Teo ◽  
Lucas Wee Wei Loong ◽  
Jarett Jun Hao Tan ◽  
Clarabelle Geok Hui Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sugary Beverages ◽  
Faecal Microbiome ◽  
Scale Types

With increasing globalisation, various diets from around the world are readily available in global cities. This study aimed to verify if multiethnic dietary habits destabilised the gut microbiome in response to frequent changes, leading to readily colonisation of exogenous microbes. This may have health implications. We profiled Singapore young adults of different ethnicities for dietary habits, faecal type, gut microbiome and cytokine levels. Subjects were challenged with Lactobacillus casei, and corresponding changes in microbiome and cytokines were evaluated. Here, we found that the majority of young adults had normal stool types (73% Bristol Scale Types 3 and 4) and faecal microbiome categorised into three clusters, irrespective of race and gender. Cluster 1 was dominated by Bacteroides, Cluster 2 by Prevotella, while Cluster 3 showed a marginal increase in Blautia, Ruminococaceae and Ruminococcus, without a predominant microbiota. These youngsters in the three faecal microbiome clusters preferred Western high sugary beverages, Southeast Asian plant-rich diet and Asian/Western diets in rotation, respectively. Multiethnic dietary habits (Cluster 3) led to a gut microbiome without predominant microbiota yet demonstrated colonisation resistance to Lactobacillus. Although Bacteroides and Prevotella are reported to be health-promoting but also risk factors for some illnesses, Singapore-style dietary rotation habits may alleviate Bacteroides and Prevotella associated ill effects. Different immunological outcome was observed during consumption of the lactobacilli among the three microbiome clusters.

Race and gender differences in attitudes toward help seeking among marginalized young adults with mood disorders: A mixed-methods investigation.

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Narendorf ◽  
Michelle R. Munson ◽  
Shelly Ben-David ◽  
Andrea R. Cole ◽  
Lionel D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Alcohol problems in young adults transitioning from adolescence to adulthood: The association with race and gender

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen G. Chartier ◽  
Michie N. Hesselbrock ◽  
Victor M. Hesselbrock
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Systolic Blood Pressure and Adiposity: Examination by Race and Gender in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Brummett ◽  
M. B. Babyak ◽  
I. C. Siegler ◽  
R. Surwit ◽  
A. Georgiades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Abdominal Pain in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
O. V. Gaus ◽  
M. A. Livzan ◽  
D. V. Turchaninov ◽  
T. I. Ivanova ◽  
D. V. Popello
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Severe Abdominal Pain ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Medical University

Aim. A study of abdominal pain incidence in young adults in relation to dietary habits and psychological profile for advancement of health-promoting technologies.Materials and methods. An anonymous quiz survey covered 3,634 students enrolled at Omsk State Medical University in higher and secondary vocational education programmes via online use of the GSRS and WHO CINDI programme questionnaires to assess eating patterns and dietary preferences, as well as a brief multifactor personality inventory scale. Respondents with abdominal pain were divided into subcohorts by pain severity according to GSRS scores (mild, moderate or severe pain).Results. Abdominal pain was reported by 2,300 (63.29%) respondents, of whom 1,243 (54.0%) rated symptoms as mild, 996 (43.3%) and 61 (2.7%) — as moderate to severe. Abdominal pain complaints were more frequent in women (2I = 33.96, p <0.001), but gender had no effect on pain intensity. Pain associated with abdominal bloating and distention (57.65%), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (38.75%), constipation (30.54%) or diarrhoea (28.4%). The presence and severity of abdominal pain was distinctive of individuals spending the most of average monthly income on food purchase and those actively consuming tea, coffee, added sugar, extra salt in cooked food, while having low intake of fruit and vegetables. A typical personality in severe abdominal pain is hypothymic depressive, hypochondriac in moderate and psychasthenic in mild pain.Conclusion. Abdominal pain is common among medical students predominating in females, associates with the eating pattern, dietary habits and psychological profile.

scholarly journals Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Chen ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Mian Liu ◽  
Huimin Zheng ◽  
Yan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Faecal Microbiome

ObjectivePre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the malignant metabolic diseases that complicate pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis has been identified for causing metabolic diseases, but the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of PE remains unknown.DesignWe performed a case–control study to compare the faecal microbiome of PE and normotensive pregnant women by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. To address the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and PE, we used faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in an antibiotic-treated mouse model. Finally, we determined the microbiome translocation and immune responses in human and mouse placental samples by 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation.ResultsPatients with PE showed reduced bacterial diversity with obvious dysbiosis. Opportunistic pathogens, particularly Fusobacterium and Veillonella, were enriched, whereas beneficial bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia, were markedly depleted in the PE group. The abundances of these discriminative bacteria were correlated with blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, aminotransferase and creatinine levels. On successful colonisation, the gut microbiome from patients with PE triggered a dramatic, increased pregestational BP of recipient mice, which further increased after gestation. In addition, the PE-transplanted group showed increased proteinuria, embryonic resorption and lower fetal and placental weights. Their T regulatory/helper-17 balance in the small intestine and spleen was disturbed with more severe intestinal leakage. In the placenta of both patients with PE and PE-FMT mice, the total bacteria, Fusobacterium, and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the gut microbiome of patients with PE is dysbiotic and contributes to disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Race and Gender Differences in the Association of Dieting and Gains in BMI among Young Adults*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Field ◽  
Parul Aneja ◽  
S. Bryn Austin ◽  
Lydia A. Shrier ◽  
Carl de Moor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Elevated Fibrinogen Predicts Atherosclerosis.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3188-3188
Author(s):  
David Green ◽  
Nancy Foiles ◽  
Cheeling Chan ◽  
Pamela J. Schreiner ◽  
David Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
White Men ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Hemostatic Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Elevated levels of hemostatic factors are observed in patients with atherosclerosis, but whether they promote plaque formation or are a consequence of the disease is uncertain. To examine this issue, we used data from a large biracial cohort of young adults (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults [CARDIA]) followed up for 13 years, to examine the relationships of hemostatic factors - fibrinogen, factors VII and VIII, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) - with coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT). Complete data were available on 1382 participants, whose mean age was 32 years at enrollment. The age, race, and gender-adjusted prevalence of CAC for increasing quartiles of fibrinogen levels was: 14.0%, 15.0%, 19.6%, and 28.4% (p <0.001 for trend). After further adjustment for BMI, smoking, systolic BP, and total cholesterol, the prevalence of CAC for increasing quartiles of fibrinogen was 15.5%, 16.0%, 19.0%, and 26.4% (p <0.001 for trend). Similar trends were observed for IMT (age, race, and gender-adjusted, p<0.001; multivariable adjusted, p=0.022). When race and gender subgroups were further analyzed, the prevalence of CAC was associated with fibrinogen levels in women and white men after age adjustment, and in women on multivariable analysis. IMT scores adjusted for age were associated with elevated fibrinogen levels in all except black men, and in black women after multivariable adjustment (p=0.003). While the prevalence of CAC was not associated with increasing quartiles of FVII, FVIII, or vWF, IMT scores were associated with elevated FVII on multivariable analysis in white women (p=0.006) and with vWF antigen in white men on age-adjusted (p=0.004) and multivariable analysis (p=0.013). There were no significant associations of hemostatic factors with either the prevalence of CAC or IMT in black men. Participants were categorized as to whether they had 0, 1, or more than 1 hemostatic factors in the highest quartile. After adjustment for age, race, and gender, hemostatic group classification was associated linearly with the prevalence of CAC (p<0.001 for trend) and IMT score (p=0.01 for trend). In conclusion, the main finding from this study is that elevated levels of fibrinogen in persons aged 25 to 37 are associated with the later appearance of subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. These associations were observed in whites and black women, but not black men. We suggest that atherosclerosis became established during the 13 year observation period, and that increased fibrinogen may have been a contributing factor or a marker for disease development.

The Effects of Race, Gender, and Marital Status on Suicides among Young Adults, Middle-Aged Adults, and Older Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Humphrey ◽  
Stuart Palmer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Structural Effects ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Investigations of suicide tend to focus on adolescents, young adults, and elderly adults. Little is known about suicide in midlife or about the timing of suicide across the life course. Analyses of the effects of marital status, race, and gender on the timing of suicide across three adult life stages are provided: young adult (ages 25 through 39); midlife (ages 40 through 59); and older adult (ages 60 and above). All officially recorded suicides twenty-five years of age or older ( N = 3,187) in North Carolina (1980 through 1984) are studied. Logistic modeling shows distinct structural effects on the occurrence of suicide in midlife compared to the life stages immediately preceding and following it. Greater attention to the crises of women in midlife appears warranted.

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