scholarly journals HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 Share Recognized Epitopes by the Humoral Response in Sera of People Collected Pre- and during CoV-2 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993
Author(s):  
Elena Rita Simula ◽  
Maria Antonietta Manca ◽  
Seyedsomaye Jasemi ◽  
Sergio Uzzau ◽  
Salvatore Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Competitive Assay ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause serious illness in older adults and people with chronic underlying medical conditions; however, children and young people are often asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. We evaluated the presence of specific antibodies (Abs) response against Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) S protein epitopes (NL63-RBM1, NL63-RBM2_1, NL63-RBM2_2, NL63-RBM3, NL63-SPIKE541–554, and NL63-DISC-like) and SARS-CoV-2 epitopes (COV2-SPIKE421–434 and COV2-SPIKE742–759) in plasma samples of pre-pandemic, mid-pandemic, and COVID-19 cohorts by indirect ELISA. Moreover, a competitive assay was performed to check for cross reactivity response between COV2-SPIKE421–434 and NL63-RBM3 among patients with a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Immune reaction against all SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 epitopes showed a significantly higher response in pre-pandemic patients compared to mid-pandemic patients. The results indicate that probably antibodies against HCoV-NL63 may be able to cross react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and the higher incidence in pre-pandemic was probably due to the timing of collection when a high incidence of HCoV-NL63 is reported. In addition, the competitive assay showed cross-reactivity between antibodies directed against COV2-SPIKE421–434 and NL63-RBM3 peptides. Pre-existing HCoV-NL63 antibody response cross reacting with SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in both pre- and mid-pandemic individual, suggesting that previous exposure to HCoV-NL63 epitopes may produce antibodies which could confer a protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and probably reduce the severity of the disease.

Monoclonal Antibody Detection of Porcine Meat

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MORALES ◽  
T. GARCÍA ◽  
I. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
R. MARTÍN ◽  
B. SANZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Elisa Format ◽  
Soya Proteins

A stable hybridoma cell line (DD9) has been produced secreting a monoclonal antibody specific for porcine muscle proteins. The DD9 monoclonal antibody (mAb) failed to show a significant cross-reactivity when tested against beef, horse, chicken, and soya proteins, as well as bovine caseins, gelatin, and bovine serum albumin. The DD9 mAb was further used in an indirect ELISA format for detection of defined amounts of porcine meat (1–100%) in beef and chicken meat mixtures immobilized on 96-well plates. Immunorecognition of monoclonal antibodies adsorbed to porcine meat was made with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulins conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase.

scholarly journals Bone biomarkers in koalas: validation of assays and preliminary analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-863
Author(s):  
Chien-Jung Chen ◽  
Stephen T. Anderson ◽  
Natasha Steiger ◽  
Allan McKinnon ◽  
Joerg Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Homology ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Bone Biomarkers ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Human Enzyme ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Sequence Homology ◽  
Bone Physiology

Traumatic injury, including bone fracture, is, to date, one of the leading causes of koala mortality in the South East Queensland region of Australia. Further, the specialist diet of koalas, which is restricted to certain Eucalyptus spp., may impact their normal bone physiology. Considering the dramatic koala population decline and high incidence of trauma, a greater understanding of koala bone physiology may support conservation. We retrieved from GenBank the protein sequences of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OCN), and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) in human, dog, cattle, horse, koala, and gray short-tailed opossum. After homology was determined, plasma samples from 13 koalas were analyzed with human PTH, OCN, and bone-specific ALP (BALP) assay kits. Although koala PTH exhibited relatively low sequence homology with placental mammals, high sequence homology between humans and koalas was observed for both OCN and TNALP, and successful cross-reactivity was achieved using human enzyme immunoassay kits for detection of OCN and BALP biomarkers in koala plasma. However, we identified no correlation between OCN and BALP concentrations of healthy and trauma-affected koalas ( p = 0.66 and p = 0.79, respectively). Further analysis of OCN and BALP in healthy and diseased koalas will allow a better understanding of bone physiology in this unique marsupial.

scholarly journals Sterilizing Immunity Elicited by Neisseria meningitidis Carriage Shows Broader Protection than Predicted by Serum Antibody Cross-Reactivity inCEACAM1-Humanized Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay O. Johswich ◽  
Shannon E. McCaw ◽  
Lea Strobel ◽  
Matthias Frosch ◽  
Scott D. Gray-Owen
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Humanized Mice ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sterilizing Immunity

Neisseria meningitidisasymptomatically colonizes the human upper respiratory tract but is also the cause of meningitis and severe septicemia. Carriage or disease evokes an immune response against the infecting strain. Hitherto, we have known little about the breadth of immunity induced by natural carriage of a single strain or its implications for subsequent infectious challenge. In this study, we establish that transgenic mice expressing humanCEACAM1support nasal colonization by a variety of strains of different capsular types. Next, we nasally challenged these mice with either of theN. meningitidisstrains H44/76 (serogroup B, ST-32) and 90/18311 (serogroup C, ST-11), while following the induction of strain-specific immunoglobulin. When these antisera were tested for reactivity with a diverse panel ofN. meningitidisstrains, very low levels of antibody were detected against all meningococcal strains, yet a mutually exclusive “fingerprint” of high-level cross-reactivity toward certain strains became apparent. To test the efficacy of these responses for protection against subsequent challenge,CEACAM1-humanized mice exposed to strain 90/18311 were then rechallenged with differentN. meningitidisstrains. As expected, the mice were immune to challenge with the same strain and with a closely related ST-11 strain, 38VI, while H44/76 (ST-32) could still colonize these animals. Notably, however, despite the paucity of detectable humoral response against strain 196/87 (ST-32), this strain was unable to colonize the 90/18311-exposed mice. Combined, our data suggest that current approaches may underestimate the actual breadth of mucosal protection gained through natural exposure toN. meningitidisstrains.

scholarly journals Differences in Immunogenicity of HLA Antigens and the Impact of Cross-Reactivity on the Humoral Response

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna P. Lucas ◽  
Mary S. Leffell ◽  
Andrea A. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Impact

Expansion of epitope cross-reactivity by anti-idiotype modulation of the primary humoral response

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Denisova ◽  
M. Zerwanitzer ◽  
D.A. Denisov ◽  
E. Spectorman ◽  
I. Mondor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity

scholarly journals Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 5 and the Extent of Its Cross-Reactivity with A. marginale

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Strik ◽  
A. R. Alleman ◽  
A. F. Barbet ◽  
H. L. Sorenson ◽  
H. L. Wamsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Major Surface

ABSTRACT Major surface protein 5 (Msp5) of Anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus Anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. This study analyzes the degrees of conservation of Msp5 among various isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant Msp5 (rMsp5) of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum. The msp5 genes from various isolates of A. phagocytophilum were sequenced and compared. rMsp5 proteins of A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale were used separately in an indirect ELISA to detect cross-reactivity in serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum and cattle infected with A. marginale. Serum samples were also tested with a commercially available competitive ELISA that uses monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1. There were 100% sequence identities in the msp5 genes among all of the A. phagocytophilum isolates from the United States and a horse isolate from Sweden. Sheep isolates from Norway and dog isolates from Sweden were 99% identical to one another but differed in 17 base pairs from the United States isolates and the horse isolate. Serologic cross-reactivity was identified when serum samples from cattle infected with A. marginale were reacted with rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum and when serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum were reacted with rMsp5 of A. marginale in an indirect-ELISA format. Serum samples from dogs or humans infected with A. phagocytophilum did not cross-react with rMsp5 of A. marginale when tested with the commercially available cELISA. These results suggest that rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum is highly conserved among United States and European isolates and that serologic distinction between A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale infections cannot be accomplished if rMsp5 from either organism is used in an indirect ELISA.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA IN MONKEYS

1934 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Francis ◽  
Edward E. Terrell ◽  
René Dubos ◽  
Oswald T. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The effects of specific enzyme therapy upon experimental Type III pneumococcus pneumonia in monkeys were studied by comparing the course and outcome of the disease in treated animals with that in animals which received no therapeutic aid. Enzyme treatment was found to exert a distinctly favorable influence upon the experimental pneumonia. Treatment was followed by cessation of spread of the pneumonic lesion, sterilization of the blood, and early recovery, except in animals in which the severity of the disease was extreme. While in the untreated animals a high incidence of empyema and pericarditis was observed, suppurative sequelae were apparently prevented by adequate enzyme therapy. The limitations of the therapeutic action of the specific enzyme in the presence of marked depression of the cellular reaction in infected animals are again emphasized.

scholarly journals Detección de problemas de salud mental en un grupo especialmente vulnerable: niños y adolescentes en acogimiento residencial

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sainero ◽  
Jorge F. Del Valle ◽  
Amaia Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Salud Mental

<p>Research on mental health problems of children and young people in residential child care shows a high incidence. One of the strategies to improve the interventions is the use of tools of detection, so that biases in the referral to treatment could be avoided.</p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze the level of concordance between the information given by the young people and their social educators, using the CBCL (in case of educators) and YSR (for adolescents) in a sample of 138 young people aged from 11 to 18 who were in residential care. Also differences between the group of young people referred to mental health treatment and those without it were analyzed.</p>Results show low and moderate levels of concordance between the information given by the young people and their educators, with higher levels of agreement in externalized problems, in a similar way as the results found in research with samples of parents and children. Score differences are discussed according to the literature review, concluding that adults distinguish the clinical and non-clinical group clearly, but young people do not display significant differences. These findings indicate the need for giving more relevance to self-reports, to the adolescent own perspective.

scholarly journals Revival of Leishmanization and Leishmanin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez ◽  
Greta Volpedo ◽  
Sreenivas Gannavaram ◽  
Parna Bhattacharya ◽  
Ranadhir Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Natural Healing ◽  
Major Consideration

Leishmaniasis includes a spectrum of diseases ranging from debilitating cutaneous to fatal visceral infections. This disease is caused by the parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania that is transmitted by infected sandflies. Over 1 billion people are at risk of leishmaniasis with an annual incidence of over 2 million cases throughout tropical and subtropical regions in close to 100 countries. Leishmaniasis is the only human parasitic disease where vaccination has been successful through a procedure known as leishmanization that has been widely used for decades in the Middle East. Leishmanization involved intradermal inoculation of live Leishmania major parasites resulting in a skin lesion that following natural healing provided protective immunity to re-infection. Leishmanization is however no longer practiced due to safety and ethical concerns that the lesions at the site of inoculation that can last for months in some people. New genome editing technologies involving CRISPR has now made it possible to engineer safer attenuated strains of Leishmania, which induce protective immunity making way for a second generation leishmanization that can enter into human trials. A major consideration will be how the test the efficacy of a vaccine in the midst of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination program. One solution will be to use the leishmanin skin test (LST) that was also used for decades to determine exposure and immunity to Leishmania. The LST involves injection of antigen from Leishmania in the skin dermis resulting in a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune reaction associated with a Th1 immune response and protection against visceral leishmaniasis. Reintroduction of novel approaches for leishmanization and the leishmanin skin test can play a major role in eliminating leishmaniasis.

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