scholarly journals The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Spase Stojanov ◽  
Aleš Berlec ◽  
Borut Štrukelj
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial. The most commonly tested probiotics for modifying the F/B ratio and treating obesity and IBD are from the genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review the effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression.

Crohn’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 435-442
Author(s):  
James Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Crohn’s disease is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal condition. It is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, but most commonly affects the terminal ileum and colon. Individuals can present with a wide variety of symptoms, but diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss are the most common. It is a rare condition, but GPs play an important role in recognising Crohn’s disease and supporting patients through their lifelong treatment.

Experimental and Clinical Evidence of Endothelial Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 3733-3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ferreira-Duarte ◽  
Joana Beatriz Sousa ◽  
Carmen Diniz ◽  
Teresa Sousa ◽  
Margarida Duarte-Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Main Effects

The endothelium has a crucial role in proper hemodynamics. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. However, considerable evidence points to high cardiovascular risk in patients with IBD. This review positions the basic mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in the IBD setting (both clinical and experimental). Furthermore, we review the main effects of drugs used to treat IBD in endothelial (dys)function. Moreover, we leave challenging points for enlarging the therapeutic arsenal for IBD with new or repurposed drugs that target endothelial dysfunction besides inflammation.

scholarly journals Interfering With Inflammation: Heterogeneous Effects of Interferons in Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Haring ◽  
Robert Zeiser ◽  
Petya Apostolova
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The intestine can be the target of several immunologically mediated diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GVHD is a life-threatening complication that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is associated with a particularly high mortality. GVHD development starts with the recognition of allo-antigens in the recipient by the donor immune system, which elicits immune-mediated damage of otherwise healthy tissues. IBD describes a group of immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Several aspects, including genetic predisposition and immune dysregulation, are responsible for the development of IBD, with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the two most common variants. GVHD and IBD share multiple key features of their onset and development, including intestinal tissue damage and loss of intestinal barrier function. A further common feature in the pathophysiology of both diseases is the involvement of cytokines such as type I and II interferons (IFNs), amongst others. IFNs are a family of protein mediators produced as a part of the inflammatory response, typically to pathogens or malignant cells. Diverse, and partially paradoxical, effects have been described for IFNs in GVHD and IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of type I, II and III IFNs, including basic concepts and controversies about their functions in the context of GVHD and IBD. In addition, therapeutic options, research developments and remaining open questions are addressed.

Effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation in the acetic acid-induced colitis mouse model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4143-4152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Meiwei Wang ◽  
Lanmei Yin ◽  
Wenkai Ren ◽  
Peng Bin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is strongly associated with intestinal immunity and the microbiome.

scholarly journals Differentiation of alimentary lymphoma from inflammatory bowel disease and the influence of breed and age on the outbreak of pathological changes in the canine gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Aneta Piplica ◽  
Marko Hohšteter ◽  
Lidija Medven Zagradišnik ◽  
Branka Artuković ◽  
Andrea Gudan Kurilj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti korisnost upotrebe imunohistokemijske metode (IHK) zajedno s histopatološkom pretragom u dijagnosticiranju i razlikovanju alimentarnog limfoma (AL) od upalne bolesti crijeva (UBC). U istraživanju su korišteni arhivski histopatološki nalazi i preparati tkiva, parafinski blokovi i stakalca. Prema pripadnosti pasmina podijelili u tri skupine malu, srednju ili veliku skupinu pasa. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost pojedinih patoloških promjena ovisno o skupini pasa, dobi i spolu. Obavljenim istraživanjem zabilježili smo da je srednja vrijednost dobi u skupini malih pasmina pasa iznosila 7,58±3,59 godina, u skupini srednjih pasmina 7,45±3,04 godina te u skupini velikih pasmina 6,58±3,47 godina. Prosječna dob pasa oboljelih od alimentarnog limfoma iznosila je 8,8 godina, za razliku od upalne bolesti crijeva gdje je iznosila 7,0 godina. Unutar sve tri skupine pasa zabilježen je veći broj jedinki muškog spola. Najveći udio biopsiranih uzoraka (70,73 %) analiziran je iz tkiva tankog crijeva; po 8 uzoraka (27,59 %) iz male skupine pasa, 11 uzoraka iz srednje skupine (37,93 %) te po 10 uzoraka iz velike skupine pasa (34,48 %). Udio biopsiranog tkiva želudca bio je nešto niži (24,39 %) dok je tkivo debelog crijeva uzorkovano u samo dva psa (4,88 %). Histopatološkom analizom utvrđeno je 16 slučajeva upalne bolesti crijeva (45,71 %), 7 slučajeva limfoma (20,00 %), 9 slučajeva suspektne upale (25,71 %) te 3 slučaja suspektne upale/limfoma (8,58 %). Nakon provedene IHK metode ustanovljeno je da je u 6 slučajeva dijagnoza donesena histopatološkom evaluacijom potvrđena, u 5 slučajeva je opovrgnuta dok je u 5 slučajeva IHK metoda bila korisna kako bi razlučili AL od UBC. Utvrđene su značajne razlike (P<0,05) između dijagnoze upalne bolesti crijeva te limfoma ustanovljene patohistološkom pretragom te imunohistokemijskom metodom. Ustanovljena je češća pojavnost T staničnog limfoma u tankom crijevu dok je pojavnost B staničnog limfoma učestalija u želudcu. Povezanost s tendencijom učinka zabilježena je između patohistološke dijagnoze i CD3 biljega (r=-0.34; P=0,08) odnosno između patohistološke dijagnoze i CD79 biljega (r=0.36; P=0,09) s nešto nižom razinom povezanosti između patohistološke dijagnoze i dijagnoze IHK (r=0.21; P=0,34). Na temelju rezultata našeg istraživanja može se zaključiti da je imunohistokemijska metoda korisna za potvrdu dijagnoze i razlikovanje alimentarnog limfoma i upalne bolesti crijeva.

Risk of de-novo inflammatory bowel disease among obese patients treated with bariatric surgery or weight loss medications

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursimran S. Kochhar ◽  
Aakash Desai ◽  
Aslam Syed ◽  
Abhinav Grover ◽  
Sandra El Hachem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Weight Loss Medications

Profiling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation reveals its role in a chronic DSS-induced colitis mouse model

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Qinglan Li ◽  
Nan Cao ◽  
Yanan Deng ◽  
Lianyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Ileocecal Burkitt’s Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 968-972
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mosbeh Abdelmaksoud ◽  
Maram Kheder Alshareef ◽  
Alaa Osama Jamjoom ◽  
Mohamed Tarek Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Ileocecal Region ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are rare tumors which account for about 0.9% of all gastrointestinal tract tumors. They are usually associated with inflammatory bowel disease, previous radiotherapy, and renal transplantation. We report a case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving the ileocecal region in a 46-year-old gentleman who presented with acute abdominal pain that mandated emergency laparotomy.

The role of the complement and contact systems in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model: the effect of C1 inhibitor in inflammatory bowel disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. G878-G883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxin Lu ◽  
Stacey M. Fernandes ◽  
Alvin E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
C1 Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The complement and contact systems may be involved in the pathophysiological process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is the most important inhibitor of both the complement and contact systems. We evaluated the role of these systems and the effect of both active and inactive forms of C1INH (iC1INH) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Three percent DSS was used in drinking water to induce colitis in complement C3-deficient (C3−/−) mice, bradykinin type 2 receptor deficient (Bk2R−/−) mice, and C57BL/6 mice. After ten days DSS exposure, C3−/− mice exhibited markedly less weight loss than wild-type (WT) mice (12 ± 3.3% vs. 30 ± 1.2%, P < 0.05) and developed a milder disease-activity index (DAI), histological score, colon shortening, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) elevation ( P < 0.05, respectively). The Bk2R−/− mice were not protected from the disease. Seven-day treatment with either native C1INH or iC1INH reduced the severity of the disease in WT mice, as indicated by decreased weight loss (15 ± 1.8%, 14 ± 2.1% vs. 30 ± 1.2%, P < 0.05, respectively), DAI, intestinal tissue damage, and MPO elevation compared with untreated WT DSS control mice ( P < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that complement plays a role in the development of DSS-induced colitis and that blockade of the complement system might be useful for the acute phase of IBD treatment. C1INH, however, leads to an amelioration of DSS-induced colitis via a mechanism that does not involve the inhibition of complement or contact system activation but does result in significant suppression of leukocyte infiltration.

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