scholarly journals Trick or Treating in Forensics—The Challenge of the Saliva Microbiome: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Gabriella D’Angiolella ◽  
Pamela Tozzo ◽  
Sarah Gino ◽  
Luciana Caenazzo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Current State ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Meta Analyses

The oral microbiome harbours microbial community signatures that differ among individuals, highlighting that it could be highly individualizing and potentially unique to each individual. Therefore, the oral microbial traces collected in crime scenes could produce investigative leads. This narrative review will describe the current state-of-the-art of how the salivary microbiome could be exploited as a genetic signature to make inferences in the forensic field. This review has been performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. Even if further studies are needed to relate the variation in the oral microbiome to specific factors, in order to understand how the salivary microbiome is influenced by an individual’s lifestyle, by reviewing the studies published so far, it is clear that the oral microbial analysis could become a useful forensic tool. Even if promising, caution is required in interpreting the results and an effort to direct research towards studies that fill the current knowledge gaps is certainly useful.

scholarly journals Regenerative Surgical Therapy of Peri-implantitis: An Umbrella Review of Answered/Unanswered Questions and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Solderer ◽  
Patrick R. Schmidlin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Flap Surgery ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Implant Therapy ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Consensus Report

Purpose: To systemically summarize current knowledge about regeneration of peri-implant defects based on available systematic reviews.Materials and Methods: A systematic search for review articles published between 2010 and 2020 in four databases was conducted. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. Based on the available literature, five questions of clinical importance on indication for regenerative approaches, surgical technique, methods of decontamination, outcome of therapy and adjunctive use of biological factors were formulated and answered.Results: The electronic search resulted in 312 studies, from which 264 studies were published between 2010 and 2020. Finally, 18 systematic reviews and one consensus report were chosen. Data of the included studies were based on 58 to 840 implants. Data on over 4.904 implants were assessed. From the 19 studies that were included, 15 assessed the outcome of regenerative therapy; three, the surgical protocol of regenerative therapy; two, the use of laser in regenerative therapy; and one, the additional use of growth factors in regenerative peri-implant therapy. Three studies assessed more than one topic.Conclusions: In general, a partial bone fill can be expected in 85% of regenerative procedures. Regeneration leads to a mean of 57% of greater bone fill, compared to open flap surgery only. Defect configuration plays a crucial role in the outcome, whereas the role and extent of benefit of different surgical protocols are still not clear.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Variables on COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoerdy Agusmal Saputra ◽  
Dewi Susanna ◽  
Vernonia Yora Saki
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and threatens public health systems worldwide. Virus transmission can be influenced by several factors, one of which is climatic conditions. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation play an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases and are variables that can determine the resistance of the SARS virus. This paper aimed to critically assess and provide evidence-based on the impact of climate variables on COVID-19 cases in Asia based on current knowledge to form the basis of guidelines for health care and prevention efforts. This systematic review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The articles were searched from ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, and Springerlink databases. It has been screened 2.784 abstracts, 103 full-text publications, and ultimately included 11 systematic reviews. The review found a consistently positive relationship between climate variables and COVID-19. Average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and humidity (r = 0.83, 0.94, 0.93, 0.30) were significantly correlated with COVID-19 cases. Temperature, maximum humidity, and population density (adjusted R2 = 0.53, p < 0.05), can be used as references in planning interventions during potential future pandemics. Linear regression framework, high humidity, and high temperature (p < 0.05) significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19. This systematic review shows that climate plays a role in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia.

scholarly journals The Influence of Early Nutrition on Brain Growth and Neurodevelopment in Extremely Preterm Babies: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Cormack ◽  
Jane E. Harding ◽  
Steven P. Miller ◽  
Frank H. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The Many ◽  
Meta Analyses

Extremely preterm babies are at increased risk of less than optimal neurodevelopment compared with their term-born counterparts. Optimising nutrition is a promising avenue to mitigate the adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of preterm birth. In this narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on how nutrition, and in particular, protein intake, affects neurodevelopment in extremely preterm babies. Observational studies consistently report that higher intravenous and enteral protein intakes are associated with improved growth and possibly neurodevelopment, but differences in methodologies and combinations of intravenous and enteral nutrition strategies make it difficult to determine the effects of each intervention. Unfortunately, there are few randomized controlled trials of nutrition in this population conducted to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes. Substantial variation in reporting of trials, both of nutritional intakes and of outcomes, limits conclusions from meta-analyses. Future studies to determine the effects of nutritional intakes in extremely preterm babies need to be adequately powered to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes separately in boys and girls, and designed to address the many potential confounders which may have clouded research findings to date. The development of minimal reporting sets and core outcome sets for nutrition research will aid future meta-analyses.

An umbrella review of the literature on perinatal domestic violence: prevalence, risk factors, possible outcomes, and interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
siu ching wong ◽  
Do Phuc Huyen ◽  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Sara Valdebenito ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Meta Analyses

Perinatal domestic violence (P-DV) is a common form of violence experienced by women and is associated with adverse impacts on their own physical and mental health and that of their offspring. Illuminating the risk factors for and potential effects of P-DV, and promising interventions is essential for informing policies to reduce P-DV and mitigate its negative impacts. This umbrella review of recent high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of research on P-DV provides a systematic synthesis of current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors for, possible outcomes of, and interventions to reduce and prevent P-DV. Thirteen reviews identified through systematic searches of computerised databases, manual search and expert consultation met our inclusion criteria (i.e., English systematic reviews and/ or meta-analyses that were from recent ten years, focused on women exposed to P-DV, assessed risk factors, possible outcomes, and/ or interventions, and were of fair to high methodological quality). Our results suggest that while there is a growing understanding of risk factors and possible outcomes of P-DV, this knowledge has far been translated into effective interventions for P-DV. P-DV intervention programmes that have been subject to rigorous evaluation are mostly relatively narrow in scope and could benefit from targeting a wider range of maternal and child wellbeing outcomes, and perpetrator, relationship, and community risk factors. The overall quality of the evidence syntheses in this field is reasonable; however, future studies should involve multiple reviewers at all key stages of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help enhance the reliability of review conclusions.

scholarly journals Conventional and/or laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: what is the current evidence?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Mik ◽  
Lukasz Dziki ◽  
Adam Dziki
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Rectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Multicenter Trials ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractDespite many years of experience with laparoscopic procedures in rectal cancer, the superiority of minimally invasive approaches has been questioned especially in recent years. This article is a short review of the current knowledge about laparoscopic approaches in comparison to conventional modalities in patients with rectal cancer. To present the current state of the knowledge, we focused on reports that were published in the last few years and compared them to multicenter trials and meta-analyses published last year. Our analysis mainly applied to the primary end-points of these trials. We also included expert opinions that have been published in the last several months.

Modeling Criteria for Scaled LNG Sloshing Experiments

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Bass ◽  
E. B. Bowles ◽  
R. W. Trudell ◽  
J. Navickas ◽  
J. C. Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Test Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scaling Parameters

This paper presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art in scale modeling of liquefied natural gas sloshing in ship tanks. The numerous potentially significant scaling parameters are discussed in detail and laboratory test data illustrating the effects of the important scaling parameters are presented. In view of current knowledge, an indication of appropriate scaling criteria is presented and recommendations for additional research efforts are outlined.

scholarly journals New Hope for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD): A Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Conducted in the Symptomatic Treatments for Agitation and Psychosis Episodes in Alzheimer’s Disease/Dementia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Saddam Qasim ◽  
Maree Donna Donna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Psychomotor Agitation ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: The psychomotor agitation of the BPSD is one of the common issues in aged care facilities, leading to the poor functional and medical consequences. Psychotropic interventions are the preferable choice of treatment. But which medication should be the prescribers first preference? This review aims to compare pharmacological interventions for psychomotor agitation, judging them according to their effectuality and justifiability profiles. This is to be achieved by retrieving information from RCTs and systematic reviews. Objectives: This review evaluates evidence from RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of BPSD patients who had taken agitation treatments. Assessing the efficacy of antidepressants and antipsychotic treatments when compared to each other for the purpose of improving agitation outcomes. Methods: This narrative review includes RCTs and retrospective studies that were comparing one or more active ingredient medications with another or with a placebo, along with sys-tematic reviews comparing antidepressants with antipsychotics such as quetiapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. Studies extracted by searching accessing databases, such as PubMed, OVID, and Cochrane with restrictions of date from 2000 to 2021 and English language. Quality of evidence: The quality of systematic reviews was judged against AMSTAR score, and RCTs were judged according to CONSORT checklist for RCT protocols. Conclusion: There are still few studies of serotonin targeting treatment of agitation in BPSD. The SSRIs such as citalopram were associated with a reduction in symptoms of agitation, and lower risk of adverse effects compared to antipsychotics. This review also illustrates brexpiprazole as a target of multimodal neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine; and dextromethorphan, OR dextromethorphan associated with bupropion or quinidine as a blockade of NMDA receptors. The outcome of this review suggests that further studies involving more dementia/Alzheimer&rsquo;s participants should be conducted. Future studies are required also to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of SSRI, brexpiprazole, dextromethorphan treatments for agitation in BPSD.

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