scholarly journals Probiotic Effects on Multispecies Biofilm Composition, Architecture, and Caries Activity In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Zhihui Chen ◽  
Sebastian Schlafer ◽  
Gerd Göstemeyer ◽  
Falk Schwendicke
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Culture Supernatants

While probiotics have been tested for their anti-caries effect in vitro and also clinically, there is a lack of understanding of their effects on complex dental biofilms. We assessed two probiotics, Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus oligofermentans, on a continuous-cultured model containing Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. Cariogenic biofilms were grown on bovine enamel specimens and daily challenged with L. reuteri or S. oligofermentans whole culture (LC/SC) or cell-free supernatant (LS/SS) or medium only (negative control, NC) (n = 21/group) for 10 days. Biofilm was assessed via counting colony-forming units, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Caries activity was determined by pH measurements and by assessing mineral loss (ΔZ) using transverse microradiography. Both LC and SC significantly reduced total and strain-specific cariogenic bacterial numbers (p < 0.05). ΔZ was reduced in LC (mean ± SD: 1846.67 ± 317.89) and SC (3315.87 ± 617.30) compared to NC (4681.48 ± 495.18, p < 0.05). No significant reductions in bacterial numbers and ΔZ was induced by supernatants. Biofilm architecture was not considerably affected by probiotic applications. Viable probiotics L. reuteri and S. oligofermentans, but not their culture supernatants, could reduce the caries activity of multi-species biofilms in vitro.

Selection and Evaluation of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria Isolated from Human Intestinal Tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Chao Hui Xue ◽  
Lan Wei Zhang ◽  
Hong Bo Li ◽  
Shu Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Ht 29

Three Lactobacillus strains were screened on the basis of probiotic characteristics (i.e., resistance to low pH and bile salts, adhesion to the human gastrointestinal tract, inhibition of pathogenic strains). They further exhibited producing antimicrobial activities of non-acid molecule (s). In addition, antibacterial peptides were isolated and purified from the cell-free culture supernatants of these three probiotic strains. Based on TricineSDSPAGE, the antimicrobial peptide was approximately 10 kDa in size. After analyzing the sequence of the 16SrDNA regions of these three strains, they were identified asLactobacillus crispatus Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus rhamnosua GG.Using an in vitro system simulating gastric transit, our findings indicated that the three probiotic strains had the ability to tolerate gastroenteric environment and the adhesive capacity to HT-29 cells. It was demonstrated that the probiotic strains inhibited subsequent adhesion of E. coli to the HT-29 cell. Among the selected strains,L. rhamnosusF1333 showed a high probiotic potential and could be used in health-promoting food products.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Whole and Fat-Free Fluoridated Milk, Applied before or after Acid Challenge, against Dental Erosion

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza P.S. Cassiano ◽  
Senda Charone ◽  
Juliana G. Souza ◽  
Ligia C. Leizico ◽  
Juliano P. Pessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Protective Treatment

This study analysed in vitro the effect of milk against dental erosion, considering three factors: the type of milk (bovine whole/fat-free), the presence of different fluoride concentrations and the time of application (before/after erosive challenge). Bovine enamel (n = 15/group) and root dentine (n = 12/group) specimens were submitted to the following treatments: after the first erosive challenge - 0.9% NaCl solution (negative control), whole milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, fat-free milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, and 0.05% NaF solution (positive control); before the first erosive challenge - whole milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, fat-free milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, and 0.05% NaF solution (positive control). Specimens were submitted to demineralisation-remineralisation regimes 4 times/day for 5 days. The response variables were enamel and dentine loss (in micrometres). Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p < 0.05). For enamel, whole milk containing 10 ppm F, applied before the erosive challenge, was the most protective treatment, but with no significant difference compared with the same treatment carried out after the erosive challenge. For dentine, whole fluoridated milk (all concentrations, after), fat-free 10 ppm F milk (after, before) and whole milk with or without F (except 2.5 ppm F, all before) significantly reduced dentine erosion. It seems that the presence of fluoride, especially at 10 ppm, is the most important factor in reducing dental erosion.

An in vitro microbial model associated with sucrose to produce dentin caries lesions

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Steiner-Oliveira ◽  
Lidiany Rodrigues ◽  
Iriana Zanin ◽  
Carolina Carvalho ◽  
Regianne Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bacterial Model ◽  
Microbial Model

AbstractThe complexity of the oral environment and ethical issues have prompted the development of an in vitro bacterial model to evaluate the effect of frequency of sucrose exposure on dentin caries formation, biofilm composition, and pH changes. In the experiment, dentin specimens (n=45) were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), negative control (0S), 3S (three sucrose baths), and 6S (six sucrose baths). The specimens then were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and treated according to the protocol described below. Dentin demineralization and lesion depth were assessed by transverse microradiography. Extracellular polysaccharides that formed in the biofilm were analyzed and counts of microorganisms in the carious dentin were measured. After a 7-day period of growth, the biofilm pH was assessed before and after sucrose baths (n=5). The addition of sucrose led to dentin caries development regardless of the number of sucrose baths performed. The number of colony forming units (cfu) from the carious dentin did not differ among the treatment groups, though the extracellular polysaccharides from both 3S and 6S differed from 0S. The pH decreased immediately after the sucrose bath but increased again after 5 min. We demonstrate here that the in vitro microbial model for the study of dentin caries formation is reproducible and able to produce dentin caries, irrespective of the frequency of sucrose exposure.

scholarly journals Indonesian Strain of Lactobacillus reuteri Probiotic Reduces the Initial Biofilm Colonization

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Author(s):  
Armelia Sari Widyarman ◽  
Triska Ramajayanti ◽  
Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Initial Biofilm

Background: The benefits of probiotics for human health have long been proven. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri, can produce a beneficial broad-spectrum antibacterial compound called reuterin by metabolizing glycerol. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Indonesian strain of L. reuteri LC382415 on mono- and dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms in vitro. Methods: Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis were cultured in BHI broth. Lactobacillus reuteri LC382415 was inoculated on MRS agar. The different concentrations effect of L. reuteri (1×104, 1×106, and 1×108 CFU/mL) with and without glycerol supplementation on microbial biofilms were examined using a biofilm assay after incubation for 1,3,6, and 24-h. The biofilm mass optical density was measured with a microplate spectrophotometer at 490 nm. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) was used as a positive control, and wells without treatment were used as negative controls. Results: A significant reduction in mono- and dual-species S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm formation was observed after treatment with all concentrations of L.reuteri and after all incubation periods (p<0.05) with or without glycerol supplementation. The concentration of 1×104 CFU/mL after 3-h incubation was the most effective in inhibiting biofilm formation, with 87.8% S. mutans, 95.9% S. sanguinis, and 80.4% dual-species biofilm reduction compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Indonesian strain of L. reuteri effectively reduces mono- and dual-species S.mutans and S. sanguinis biofilms. This suggests that it may be useful in preventing biofilm formation in oral cavities. Future studies on the mechanism of action of this active component are warranted.

scholarly journals Análise da eficácia de dentifrícios clareadores e seus efeitos na superfície dental: um estudo in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Eduardo Monteiro Toschi ◽  
Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow ◽  
Luísa Weber Mercado ◽  
Rafael Melara ◽  
Sandra Liana Henz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Color System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Tooth whitening can be performed at the dental office, at-home or upon the use of OTC (Over-the-Counter) products. Among the latter, there are whitening toothpastes that promise to bleach and to prevent tooth staining. Objectives: (1) to investigate the bleaching and abrasive potential of different whitening dentifrices to enamel; and (2) to evaluate the effect of Oral-B 3D White Perfection® (Oral-B) toothpaste in preventing staining. Materials and Methods: Bovine enamel samples were stained and brushed for 14 days with water (negative control) or with different products: Colgate Total 12® (control), Oral-B, Sensodyne Branqueador Extra Fresh® (Sensodyne), and Colgate Luminous White Advanced® (Colgate). Oral-B was also tested before and after staining. The samples were tested by their color (spectrophotometer) and surface roughness (profilometer). Color change (ΔDE00) was calculated using the CIEDE2000 color system. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, SNK, and Mann-Whitney tests (ɑ=5%). Results: The negative control showed the lowest ΔE00 (p

scholarly journals Effects of a bleaching agent with calcium on bovine enamel

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Alexandrino ◽  
Yasmin Gomes ◽  
Eliane Alves ◽  
Hilton Costi ◽  
Hervé Rogez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tristimulus Colorimetry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: This in vitro study analyzed the effects of a bleaching treatment containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without calcium on bovine enamel, using the Knoop hardness number (KHN), tristimulus colorimetry (TC), and scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five specimens were randomly divided into groups (n = 5), which included artificial saliva (negative control [NC]), 35% HP (positive control [PC]), and 35% HP Blue Calcium (HP Blue). The specimens were subjected to three bleaching sessions. During the sessions, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Before and after bleaching, KHN tests were conducted using a force of 25 gf for 5 s. TC was performed using the CIE-L*a*b* system and readouts were obtained at the following 4 time points: Before the bleaching treatment; after the first session, the second session, and the third session. The specimens were dehydrated and coated with gold, and the photomicrographs were analyzed in a double-blind manner with a LEO microscope. Results: Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P < 0.05), a statistically significant difference was identified between the initial and final mean KHNs of the NC and PC groups, while the initial and final mean KHNs were not significantly different in the HP Blue group. The final mean values of ⋄E, ⋄L, and ⋄b of the PC and HP Blue groups were significantly higher than the initial values (P < 0.01 for both). The photomicrographs revealed no differences among the groups. Conclusions: Therefore, treatment with HP Blue prevented changes in the KHN without reducing the efficacy of bleaching.

Inhibitory activity in vitro of probiotic lactobacilli against oral Candida under different fermentation conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Jiang ◽  
I. Stamatova ◽  
K. Kari ◽  
J.H. Meurman
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽  
Oral Candida

Clinical studies have shown that probiotics positively affect oral health by decreasing gum bleeding and/or reducing salivary counts of certain oral pathogens. Our aim was to investigate the inhibitory effect of six probiotic lactobacilli against opportunistic oral Candida species. Sugar utilisation by both lactobacilli and Candida was also assessed. Agar overlay assay was utilised to study growth inhibition of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112, Lactobacillus brevis CD2, Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB86 and L. bulgaricus LB Lact. The inhibitory effect was measured at pH 5.5, 6.4, and 7.2, respectively, and in the presence of five different carbohydrates in growth medium (glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, and sorbitol). Growth and final pH values were measured at two-hour time points to 24 h. L. rhamnosus GG showed the strongest inhibitory activity in fructose and glucose medium against C. albicans, followed by L. casei Shirota, L. reuteri SD2112 and L. brevis CD2. None of the lactobacilli tested affected the growth of C. krusei. Only L. rhamnosus GG produced slight inhibitory effect on C. glabrata. The lower pH values led to larger inhibition zones. Sugar fermentation profiles varied between the strains. L. casei Shirota grew in the presence of all sugars tested, whereas L. brevis CD2 could utilise only glucose and fructose. All Candida species metabolised the available sugars but the most rapid growth was observed with C. glabrata. The results suggest that commercially available probiotics differ in their inhibitory activity and carbohydrate utilisation; the above properties are modified by different pH values and sugars with more pronounced inhibition at lower pH.

Effect of the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21 on the Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans UA159 in a Dual-Species Biofilm Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza E. Fernández ◽  
Rodrigo A. Giacaman ◽  
Livia M. Tenuta ◽  
Jaime A. Cury
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Caries Model ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Despite promising results using probiotics, evidence of the preventive effect on enamel demineralization is insufficient and the cariogenic potential of probiotics is still controversial. Probiotics could affect biofilm formation and interfere with adherence, growth or coaggregation with Streptococcus mutans in biofilms. However, most of the studies have been conducted using planktonic bacteria. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotic bacteria on the cariogenicity of S. mutans using an in vitro biofilm caries model on enamel. Single-species biofilms (S. mutans UA159, SM or Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21, LB) or dual-species biofilms simultaneously inoculated (SM + LB) or LB inoculated 8 h after SM (SM → LB) were grown for 96 h. Biofilms were formed on bovine enamel saliva-coated slabs of known surface hardness (SH) and immersed in culture media. Biofilms were exposed 8 times per day to 10% sucrose. Medium pH was monitored twice daily as a biofilm acidogenicity indicator. After 96 h, biofilms were collected to determine biomass and bacteria viability. Slab demineralization was calculated as percentage of SH loss (%SHL). Additionally, the model was tested with different concentrations of the initial inoculum (103, 106, 108 cells/ml) and different adhesion times (2 or 8 h). The dual-species biofilm revealed no LB effects on SM cariogenicity, without changes in acidogenicity or %SHL among groups (p > 0.05, n = 12). Lack of activity of LB on SM cariogenicity persisted even when 105 times higher concentration of the probiotic was tested. Coaggregation was not observed. In conclusion, findings suggest that LB does not reduce cariogenicity of SM in a validated experimental caries model.

scholarly journals Caries infiltrant combined with conventional adhesives for sealing sound enamel in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Yetkiner ◽  
Florian Just Wegehaupt ◽  
Rengin Attin ◽  
Thomas Attin
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Monomer Content ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Mineral Loss ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Objective: To test the null hypothesis that combining low-viscosity caries infiltrant with conventional adhesive resins would not improve sealing of sound enamel against demineralization in vitro. Materials and Methods: Bovine enamel discs (N  =  60) with diameter of 3 mm were randomly assigned to six groups (n  =  10). The discs were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and treated with resins of different monomer content forming the following groups: (1) Icon (DMG), (2) Transbond XT Primer (3M ESPE), (3) Heliobond (Ivoclar Vivadent), (4) Icon + Transbond XT Primer, and (5) Icon + Heliobond. Untreated etched samples served as the negative control. Specimens were subjected to demineralization by immersion in hydrochloric acid (pH 2.6) for 80 hours. Calcium dissolution into the acid was assessed by colorimetric analysis using Arsenazo III method at 16-hour intervals. Groups presenting high protection against demineralization were subjected to further acidic challenge for 15 days with calcium measurements repeated at 24-hour intervals. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Untreated specimens showed the highest amount of demineralization. Icon and Transbond XT primer decreased the mineral loss significantly compared to the control. Heliobond performed significantly better than both Icon and Transbond XT primer. Combination of Icon both with Transbond XT primer or Heliobond served as the best protective measures and maintained the protective effect for the additional 15-day acidic challenge. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be concluded that the use of low-viscosity caries infiltrant prior to application of the tested conventional adhesives increases their protective effect against demineralization.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Antibacterial Substantivity of Chlorhexidine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriar Shahriari ◽  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammadi Mehdi Mokhtari ◽  
Rasoul Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Colony Forming Units

The purpose of thisin vitrostudy was to assess the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the antibacterial substantivity of chlorhexidine (CHX). Seventy-five dentine tubes prepared from human maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth were used. After contamination withEnterococcus faecalisfor 14 days, the specimens were divided into five groups as follows: CHX, H2O2, CHX + H2O2, infected dentine tubes (positive control), and sterile dentine tubes (negative control). Dentine chips were collected with round burs into tryptic soy broth, and after culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. The number of CFU was minimum in the first cultures in all experimental groups, and the results obtained were significantly different from each other at any time period (). At the first culture, the number of CFU in the CHX + H2O2group was lower than other two groups. At the other experimental periods, the CHX group showed the most effective antibacterial action (). Hydrogen peroxide group showed the worst result at all periods. In each group, the number of CFU increased significantly by time lapse (). In conclusion, H2O2had no additive effect on the residual antibacterial activity of CHX.

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