scholarly journals Gut Microbiota during Dietary Restrictions: New Insights in Non-Communicable Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rinninella ◽  
Marco Cintoni ◽  
Pauline Raoul ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Lucrezia Laterza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Health Span ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Age Related

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in dietary restrictions for their promising effects on longevity and health span. Indeed, these strategies are supposed to delay the onset and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurological and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. At the same time, the gut microbiota has been shown to play a crucial role in NCDs since it is actively involved in maintaining gut homeostasis through its impact on nutrients metabolism, gut barrier, and immune system. There is evidence that dietary restrictions could slow down age-related changes in the types and numbers of gut bacteria, which may counteract gut dysbiosis. The beneficial effects on gut microbiota may positively influence host metabolism, gut barrier permeability, and brain functions, and subsequently, postpone the onset of NCDs prolonging the health span. These new insights could lead to the development of novel strategies for modulating gut microbiota with the end goal of treating/preventing NCDs. This review provides an overview of animal and human studies focusing on gut microbiota variations during different types of dietary restriction, in order to highlight the close relationship between gut microbiota balance and the host’s health benefits induced by these nutritional regimens.

scholarly journals The mercapturomic profile of health and non-communicable diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalves-Dias ◽  
Morello ◽  
Semedo ◽  
Correia ◽  
Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Endogenous Metabolites

The mercapturate pathway is a unique metabolic circuitry that detoxifies electrophiles upon adducts formation with glutathione. Since its discovery over a century ago, most of the knowledge on the mercapturate pathway has been provided from biomonitoring studies on environmental exposure to toxicants. However, the mercapturate pathway-related metabolites that is formed in humans—the mercapturomic profile—in health and disease is yet to be established. In this paper, we put forward the hypothesis that these metabolites are key pathophysiologic factors behind the onset and development of non-communicable chronic inflammatory diseases. This review goes from the evidence in the formation of endogenous metabolites undergoing the mercapturate pathway to the methodologies for their assessment and their association with cancer and respiratory, neurologic and cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota and Healthy Aging: A Mini-Review

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangkyu Kim ◽  
S. Michal Jazwinski
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Nutrient Signaling

The gut microbiota shows a wide inter-individual variation, but its within-individual variation is relatively stable over time. A functional core microbiome, provided by abundant bacterial taxa, seems to be common to various human hosts regardless of their gender, geographic location, and age. With advancing chronological age, the gut microbiota becomes more diverse and variable. However, when measures of biological age are used with adjustment for chronological age, overall richness decreases, while a certain group of bacteria associated with frailty increases. This highlights the importance of considering biological or functional measures of aging. Studies using model organisms indicate that age-related gut dysbiosis may contribute to unhealthy aging and reduced longevity. The gut microbiome depends on the host nutrient signaling pathways for its beneficial effects on host health and lifespan, and gut dysbiosis disrupting the interdependence may diminish the beneficial effects or even have reverse effects. Gut dysbiosis can trigger the innate immune response and chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to many age-related degenerative pathologies and unhealthy aging. The gut microbiota communicates with the host through various biomolecules, nutrient signaling-independent pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms. Disturbance of these communications by age-related gut dysbiosis can affect the host health and lifespan. This may explain the impact of the gut microbiome on health and aging.

scholarly journals Diagnostic morphology: biophysical indicators for iron-driven inflammatory diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etheresia Pretorius ◽  
Douglas B. Kell
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Biophysical Indicators ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Most non-communicable diseases involve inflammatory changes in one or more vascular systems, and there is considerable evidence that unliganded iron plays major roles in this.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Nutrition Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9255
Author(s):  
Rita Polito ◽  
Irene Di Meo ◽  
Michelangela Barbieri ◽  
Aurora Daniele ◽  
Giuseppe Paolisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Nutrition Review ◽  
Selective Process

Adiponectin is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue. It has numerous beneficial effects. In particular, it improves metabolic effects and glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and is involved in the regulation of cytokine profile and immune cell production, having anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. Adiponectin’s role is already known in immune diseases and also in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are a set of diseases of the central nervous system, characterized by a chronic and selective process of neuron cell death, which occurs mainly in relation to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Lifestyle is able to influence the development of these diseases. In particular, unhealthy nutrition on gut microbiota, influences its composition and predisposition to develop many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, given the importance of the “gut-brain” axis. There is a strong interplay between Adiponectin, gut microbiota, and brain-gut axis. For these reasons, a healthy diet composed of healthy nutrients such as probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, can prevent many metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. The special Adiponectin role should be taken into account also, in order to be able to use this component as a therapeutic molecule.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis, Host Metabolism, and Non-communicable Diseases: Trialogue in the Inborn Errors of Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Montanari ◽  
Sara Parolisi ◽  
Elisa Borghi ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Giulia Bassanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
The Individual

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent a complex system model, in need of a shift of approach exploring the main factors mediating the regulation of the system, internal or external and overcoming the traditional concept of biochemical and genetic defects. In this context, among the established factors influencing the metabolic flux, i.e., diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, xenobiotics, infectious agents, also the individual gut microbiota should be considered. A healthy gut microbiota contributes in maintaining human health by providing unique metabolic functions to the human host. Many patients with IEMs are on special diets, the main treatment for these diseases. Hence, IEMs represent a good model to evaluate how specific dietary patterns, in terms of macronutrients composition and quality of nutrients, can be related to a characteristic microbiota associated with a specific clinical phenotype (“enterophenotype”). In the present review, we aim at reporting the possible links existing between dysbiosis, a condition reported in IEMs patients, and a pro-inflammatory status, through an altered “gut-liver” cross-talk network and a major oxidative stress, with a repercussion on the health status of the patient, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). On this basis, more attention should be paid to the nutritional status assessment and the clinical and biochemical signs of possible onset of comorbidities, with the goal of improving the long-term wellbeing in IEMs. A balanced intestinal ecosystem has been shown to positively contribute to patient health and its perturbation may influence the clinical spectrum of individuals with IEMs. For this, reaching eubiosis through the improvement of the quality of dietary products and mixtures, the use of pre-, pro- and postbiotics, could represent both a preventive and therapeutic strategy in these complex diseases.

scholarly journals Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5045
Author(s):  
Simona Minzer ◽  
Ramon Estruch ◽  
Rosa Casas
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Item ◽  
Determining Factor

Dietary habits are a determining factor of the higher incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the aim to find a possible preventive and intervention strategy, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been proposed as an effective approach. Within the MedDiet, moderate wine consumption with meals is a positive item in the MedDiet score; however, recent studies have reported a dose-response association between alcohol consumption and higher risk of a large number of NCDs. This review aimed to evaluate the association between NCDs and wine consumption in the framework of the MedDiet, with a simple review of 22 studies of the highest-level literature published over the last five years. We found that the information regarding the effects of wine in different health outcomes has not varied widely over the past five years, finding inconclusive results among the studies evaluated. Most of the literature agrees that light to moderate wine intake seems to have beneficial effects to some extent in NCDs, such as hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia and dementia, but no definitive recommendations can be made on a specific dose intake that can benefit most diseases.

scholarly journals The Path where our Lifestyle is Taking us: Shift in Onset of Non-Communicable Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Bhatt, Y. ◽  
Kulshrestha, K.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Age Related

Globally, the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising. To assess the trends in the age of occurrence of non-communicable, age-related diseases this study was performed in the three districts of Uttarakhand, in both rural and the urban settings. The study comprised of both male and female subjects between the age group of 15 years to 55 onwards. The respondents were categorized into three age groups range as- 15-35 years, 36-55 years, and above 56 years. Starting from the age of 5 years, each age group is also categorized decade-wise e.g. age group of 56 years and above was divided into six decades starting from the age of five years.  The present study showed that the occurrence of age-related diseases, among the age group 56 years and above, was seen during their 40s while in the other two age groups, occurrence was recorded in the 30s itself. Comparing the third decade, i.e., the 30s of all the three age groups, none of the subjects was suffering from age-related disease among 56 years and above while among 36-55 years of age, 0.57 percent and among 15-35 years of age, 1.35 percent of subjects suffered from hypertension. The occurrence of these diseases was more in the urban areas as compared to rural areas. These results throw an insight onto the necessity for government bodies to focus on key factors leading to this trend, improving health care quality, and emphasis on a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Dietary Polyphenols as Modulators of Brain Functions: Biological Actions and Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Their Beneficial Effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vauzour
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions ◽  
Protective Signaling

Accumulating evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle can play an important role in delaying the onset or halting the progression of age-related health disorders and to improve cognitive function. In particular, polyphenols have been reported to exert their neuroprotective actions through the potential to protect neurons against injury induced by neurotoxins, an ability to suppress neuroinflammation, and the potential to promote memory, learning, and cognitive function. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biology of polyphenols, they are still mistakenly regarded as simply acting as antioxidants. However, recent evidence suggests that their beneficial effects involve decreases in oxidative/inflammatory stress signaling, increases in protective signaling and neurohormetic effects leading to the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, phase-2 enzymes, neurotrophic factors, and cytoprotective proteins. Specific examples of such pathways include the sirtuin-FoxO pathway, the NF-κB pathway, and the Nrf-2/ARE pathway. Together, these processes act to maintain brain homeostasis and play important roles in neuronal stress adaptation and thus polyphenols have the potential to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies.

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