scholarly journals Comparison of Rumen Microbiota and Serum Biochemical Indices in White Cashmere Goats Fed Ensiled or Sun-Dried Mulberry Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyue Wang ◽  
Qingmiao Shen ◽  
Shu Zhong ◽  
Yulin Chen ◽  
Yuxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Mulberry leaves, which have high nutritional value, have not been fully utilized. Few research systems have indicated whether mulberry leaves can replace traditional feed ingredients in goats. In this study, we investigated the effects of feeding white cashmere goats ensiled (Group E) or sun-dried mulberry leaves (Group S) on changes in ruminal microbial communities, rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices. The control group (Group C) received a typical total mixed ration (TMR). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed 209 genera belonging to 19 bacterial phyla dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Only the relative abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-009 were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05). Physiological and biochemical findings revealed that only the serum leptin concentrations were significantly decreased when mulberry leaves were added to the diets (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that Ruminococcus_2 were significantly positively correlated with the butyrate concentration. These findings suggested that supplementation with mulberry leaves only induced minor changes in the abovementioned indicators, implying that the rumen fermentation status was still stable after adding mulberry leaves to the diets.

scholarly journals Live Bacillus subtilis natto Promotes Rumen Fermentation by Modulating Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Meinan Chang ◽  
Fengtao Ma ◽  
Jingya Wei ◽  
Junhao Liu ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Natto ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Previous studies have shown that Bacillus subtilis natto affects rumen fermentation and rumen microbial community structure, which are limited to detect a few microbial abundances using traditional methods. However, the regulation of B. subtilis natto on rumen microorganisms and the mechanisms of microbiota that affect rumen fermentation is still unclear. This study explored the effects of live and autoclaved B. subtilis natto on ruminal microbial composition and diversity in vitro using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the underlying mechanisms. Rumen fluid was collected, allocated to thirty-six bottles, and divided into three treatments: CTR, blank control group without B. subtilis natto; LBS, CTR with 109 cfu of live B. subtilis natto; and ABS, CTR with 109 cfu of autoclaved B. subtilis natto. The rumen fluid was collected after 0, 6, 12, and 24 h of fermentation, and pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial protein (MCP), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined. The diversity and composition of rumen microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed LBS affected the concentrations of NH3-N, MCP, and VFAs (p < 0.05), especially after 12 h, which might be attributed to changes in 18 genera. Whereas ABS only enhanced pH and NH3-N concentration compared with the CTR group (p < 0.05), which might be associated with changes in six genera. Supplementation with live B. subtilis natto improved ruminal NH3-N and propionate concentrations, indicating that live bacteria were better than autoclaved ones. This study advances our understanding of B. subtilis natto in promoting ruminal fermentation, providing a new perspective for the precise utilization of B. subtilis natto in dairy rations.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota in young forest musk deer during weaning

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8923
Author(s):  
Yimeng Li ◽  
Minghui Shi ◽  
Tianxiang Zhang ◽  
Xin Hu ◽  
Baofeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Weaning is an important event for all mammals, including young forest musk deer. However, weaning stress may cause intestinal microbiota-related disorders. Therefore, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to study the dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota during pre-weaning (10 days before weaning) and post-weaning (10 days after weaning) in 15 young forest musk deer. We saw that intestinal microbiota diversity in the post-weaning period was significantly higher than that in the pre-weaning period. The most dominant bacterial phyla were similar in the two groups (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia). Meanwhile, we applied Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) to identify the most differentially microbial taxa in the pre-weaning and post-weaning groups. In the post-weaning forest musk deer, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Treponema and Prevotella was higher than in the pre-weaning group. However, higher relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes was found in the pre-weaning group compared with that in the post-weaning group. In summary, this research provides a theoretical foundation for the dynamics of young forest musk deer intestinal microbiota during the weaning transition, which may benefit in understanding the growth and health of forest musk deer.

scholarly journals Effect of chewing betel nut on the gut microbiota of Hainanese

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258489
Author(s):  
Li Ying ◽  
Yunjia Yang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Hairong Huang ◽  
Guankui Du
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Betel nut chewing (BNC) is prevalent in South Asia and Southeast Asia. BNC can affect host health by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNC on the gut microbiota of the host. Feces samples were obtained from 34 BNC individuals from Ledong and Lingshui, Hainan, China. The microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BNC decreased the microbial α-diversity. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 99.35% of the BNC group. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in the BNC group compared to a control group. The abundances of the families Aerococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Planococcaceae were decreased in the BNC/BNC_Male/BNC_Female groups compared to the control group, whereas the abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Coxiellaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were increased. In general, the gut microbiome profiles suggest that BNC may have positive effects, such as an increase in the abundance of beneficial microbes and a reduction in the abundance of disease-related microbes. However, BNC may also produce an increase in the abundance of disease-related microbes. Therefore, extraction of prebiotic components could increase the beneficial value of betel nut.

scholarly journals The Effect of Xuebijing on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolic of Heat 1 Stroke Rat 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang wen ◽  
Xuan He ◽  
Yu Shao ◽  
Lun Peng ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolism Pathway ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract The goal of the present study was to evaluate the fecal microbiome and serum metabolites in 16 Xuebijing (XBJ)-injected rats after heat stroke using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. Eighteen rats were divided into the control group (CON), heat stroke group (HS), and XBJ group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes was overrepresented in the XBJ group compared to the HS group, while Actinobacteria was underrepresented. Metabolomic profiling showed that the pyrimidine metabolism pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway were upregulated in the XBJ group compared to the HS group. Taken together, these results demonstrated that heat stroke not only altered the gut microbiome community structure of rats but also greatly affected metabolic functions, leading to gut microbiome toxicity.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) by comparsion using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hua ◽  
Heqin cao ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Fengping He ◽  
Guangshun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
North China ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: Gut microbes significantly contribute to nutrient digestion and absorption, intestinal health and immunity, and are essential for the survival and environmental adaptation of wild animals. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota of captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Results: A total of 10 mainly bacterial phyla were identified in the fecal microbiota of North China leopard, Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.003), Peptoclostridium (p = 0.005), Bacteroides (p =0.008), Fusobacterium (p = 0.017) and Collinsella (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those of wild North China leopard. Distinct differences in the fecal metabolic phenotypes of captive and wild North China leopard were found, such as content of l-methionine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, pentadecanoic acid and oleic acid. Differentially abundant gut microbes were associated with fecal metabolites, especially the bacteria in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, involved in the metabolism of N-acetyl-L-alanine and D-quinovose.Conclusion: This study reports for the first time the differences in gut microbiota abundance between captive and wild North China leopard, as well as significant differences in fecal metabolic phenotypes between two groups.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics of Streptococcus pseudoporcinus isolated in Quebec, Canada, from 1997 to 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1620-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Gaudreau ◽  
Esther Simoneau ◽  
Olivia Labrecque ◽  
Robert A. Laurence ◽  
Céline Laferrière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Animal Isolates

From 1997 to 2006, in the province of Quebec, Canada, 15 isolates of Streptococcus pseudoporcinus from 1 urine and 14 vaginorectal cultures were recovered from the genitourinary tract of pregnant women. All these women originated from the Caribbean or sub-Saharan Africa (P=0.00045 compared with a suitable control group). The S. pseudoporcinus isolates were compared to eight isolates of Streptococcus porcinus identified in Quebec from 1995 to 2006, all from animals, of which five were swine. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was required to differentiate between S. pseudoporcinus and S. porcinus animal isolates.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) by comparsion using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hua ◽  
Heqin cao ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Fengping He ◽  
Guangshun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
North China ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: Gut microbes significantly contribute to nutrient digestion and absorption, intestinal health and immunity, and are essential for the survival and environmental adaptation of wild animals. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota of captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Results: A total of 10 mainly bacterial phyla were identified in the fecal microbiota of North China leopard, Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.003), Peptoclostridium (p = 0.005), Bacteroides (p =0.008), Fusobacterium (p = 0.017) and Collinsella (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those of wild North China leopard. Distinct differences in the fecal metabolic phenotypes of captive and wild North China leopard were found, such as content of l-methionine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, pentadecanoic acid and oleic acid. Differentially abundant gut microbes were associated with fecal metabolites, especially the bacteria in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, involved in the metabolism of N-acetyl-L-alanine and D-quinovose.Conclusion: This study reports for the first time the differences in gut microbiota abundance between captive and wild North China leopard, as well as significant differences in fecal metabolic phenotypes between two groups.

scholarly journals The Devils Hole pupfish gut microbiome and its potential role in paradoxical anaerobism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant S Bhute ◽  
Brisa Escobedo ◽  
Mina Haider ◽  
Yididya Mekonen ◽  
Dafhner Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Devils Hole

Abstract Background The Devils Hole Pupfish ( Cyprinodon diabolis ) frequently enters paradoxical anaerobism in response to endogenously produced or exogenously supplied ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. To decipher the role of the gut microbiota in ethanol-associated paradoxical anaerobism, gut microbial communities were depleted using a cocktail of antibiotics and profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared to the control group (n=12), microbiota-depleted fish (n=11) spent more time in paradoxical anaerobism. Our analysis indicated that the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria , Fusobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , Patescibacteria , and Dependentiae dominated the pupfish gut, which is consistent with other fish gut microbiota. Although the gut microbial communities with and without antibiotic treatment were similarly diverse, they were distinct and the greatest contribution to the dissimilarity (27.38%) was the common fish commensal Cetobacterium . We speculate that Cetobacterium , a primary fermenter, also consumes ethanol through secondary fermentation via an alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore regulates the transition from paradoxical anaerobism to aerobic respiration in fish. Conclusions This study reports the first characterization of gut microbial communities of critically endangered pupfish and suggests the microbiome may play a critical role in regulating metabolic strategies that are critical for survival in extremes of temperature and oxygen concentration. Given the wide distribution and abundance of Cetobacterium in warm-water fishes, this process may be of broad importance, and suggests that the microbiome be carefully considered for both conservation and aquaculture.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Yoon ◽  
Han-Na Kim ◽  
Eunkyo Park ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Cholecystectomy alters the bile flow into the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids; this may affect the gut microbiota. We assessed the gut microbiota composition of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and compared with those who had not. From a cohort of 1463 adult participants who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations, 27 subjects who had undergone cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy group) and 81 age- and sex-matched subjects who had not (control group) were selected. Clinical parameters were collected and compared. Microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. We evaluated differences in the overall microbial composition and in the abundance of taxa. The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and laboratory results. The actual number of taxa observed in a sample (observed features) was significantly lower in the cholecystectomy group than in the control group (p = 0.042). The beta diversity of Jaccard distance index was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.027). Blautia obeum and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The difference in the diversity of the gut microbiota between the cholecystectomy and control groups was subtle. However, B. obeum and V. parvula, which have azoreductase activity, were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The impact of such changes in the gut microbiota on health remains to be determined.

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