scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

scholarly journals Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela M. Fischer ◽  
Alexandre M. Kessler ◽  
Dorothy A. Kieffer ◽  
Trina A. Knotts ◽  
Kyoungmi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractSurveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction. Lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans, with a greater abundance (P<0·05) of Firmicutes and lower abundance (P<0·05) of Bacteroidetes compared with the other groups. The greater abundance of Firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in Peptostreptococcaceae. Obese cats had an 18 % reduction in fat mass after energy restriction (P<0·05). Energy reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two low-abundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera. The greatest change was a reduction in the Firmicutes genus,Sarcina, from 4·54 to 0·65 % abundance after energy restriction. The short duration of energy restriction may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats. Additional work is needed to understand how neutering, obesity and weight loss are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Microbial Communities to Environmental Arsenic and Selection of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria From Contaminated Groundwaters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Zecchin ◽  
Simona Crognale ◽  
Patrizia Zaccheo ◽  
Stefano Fazi ◽  
Stefano Amalfitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Arsenite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Card Fish

Arsenic mobilization in groundwater systems is driven by a variety of functionally diverse microorganisms and complex interconnections between different physicochemical factors. In order to unravel this great ecosystem complexity, groundwaters with varying background concentrations and speciation of arsenic were considered in the Po Plain (Northern Italy), one of the most populated areas in Europe affected by metalloid contamination. High-throughput Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing, CARD-FISH and enrichment of arsenic-transforming consortia showed that among the analyzed groundwaters, diverse microbial communities were present, both in terms of diversity and functionality. Oxidized inorganic arsenic [arsenite, As(III)] was the main driver that shaped each community. Several uncharacterized members of the genus Pseudomonas, putatively involved in metalloid transformation, were revealed in situ in the most contaminated samples. With a cultivation approach, arsenic metabolisms potentially active at the site were evidenced. In chemolithoautotrophic conditions, As(III) oxidation rate linearly correlated to As(III) concentration measured at the parental sites, suggesting that local As(III) concentration was a relevant factor that selected for As(III)-oxidizing bacterial populations. In view of the exploitation of these As(III)-oxidizing consortia in biotechnology-based arsenic bioremediation actions, these results suggest that contaminated aquifers in Northern Italy host unexplored microbial populations that provide essential ecosystem services.

Strain Diversity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Group with Potential Blue Pigment Phenotype Isolated from Dairy Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGHERITA CHIERICI ◽  
CLAUDIA PICOZZI ◽  
MARISA GRAZIA LA SPINA ◽  
CARLA ORSI ◽  
ILEANA VIGENTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Blue Discoloration ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

ABSTRACT The blue discoloration in Mozzarella cheese comes from bacterial spoilage due to contamination with Pseudomonas. Fourteen Pseudomonas fluorescens strains from international collections and 55 new isolates of dominant bacterial populations from spoiled fresh cheese samples were examined to assess genotypic and phenotypic strain diversity. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tested for the production of the blue pigment at various temperatures on Mascarpone agar and in Mozzarella preserving fluid (the salty water in which the cheese is conserved, which becomes enriched by cheese minerals and peptides during storage). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis after treatment with the endonuclease SpeI separated the isolates into 42 genotypes at a similarity level of 80%. Based on the pulsotype clustering, 12 representative strains producing the blue discoloration were chosen for the multilocus sequence typing targeting the gyrB, glnS, ileS, nuoD, recA, rpoB, and rpoD genes. Four new sequence typing profiles were discovered, and the concatenated sequences of the investigated loci grouped the tested strains into the so-called “blue branch” of the P. fluorescens phylogenetic tree, confirming the linkage between pigment production and a specific genomic cluster. Growth temperature affected pigment production; the blue discoloration appeared at 4 and 14°C but not at 30°C. Similarly, the carbon source influenced the phenomenon; the blue phenotype was generated in the presence of glucose but not in the presence of galactose, sodium succinate, sodium citrate, or sodium lactate.

scholarly journals Identification of culturable stream water bacteria from urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds using 16S rRNA gene sequencing

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Belt ◽  
Christina Hohn ◽  
Aiah Gbakima ◽  
James A. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Common Genus

Bacteria present in water samples taken on a weekly basis, from June 2004 through June 2005, from three streams, were cultured on Coliscan® Easygel® agar plates. Colonies representative of a variety of colors and morphologies were subjected to amplification and sequencing of a 1000–1100 nt portion of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 528 colonies were sequenced; these categorized into 26 genera and 78 species. Of 175 dark blue/purple colonies presumed to be E. coli, sequence analysis indicated that 45 (25%) were actually other genera. For the urban stream Gwynns Falls Gwynns Run, E. coli was the most common genus/species encountered, followed by Klebsiella and Aeromonas. For Pond Branch, a stream located in a forested watershed, it was Serratia, followed by Yersinia and Aeromonas. For McDonogh (MCDN), a stream associated with Zea mays (corn) row crop agriculture, E. coli was the most frequently isolated genus/species, followed by Aeromonas and Enterobacter. ERIC-PCR genotyping of isolates from the most prevalent genera/species, indicated a high degree of diversity within-stream for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conversely, genotyping of Y. enterocolitica isolates indicated that some were shared between different streams.

scholarly journals Effect of chewing betel nut on the gut microbiota of Hainanese

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258489
Author(s):  
Li Ying ◽  
Yunjia Yang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Hairong Huang ◽  
Guankui Du
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Betel nut chewing (BNC) is prevalent in South Asia and Southeast Asia. BNC can affect host health by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNC on the gut microbiota of the host. Feces samples were obtained from 34 BNC individuals from Ledong and Lingshui, Hainan, China. The microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BNC decreased the microbial α-diversity. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 99.35% of the BNC group. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in the BNC group compared to a control group. The abundances of the families Aerococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Planococcaceae were decreased in the BNC/BNC_Male/BNC_Female groups compared to the control group, whereas the abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Coxiellaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were increased. In general, the gut microbiome profiles suggest that BNC may have positive effects, such as an increase in the abundance of beneficial microbes and a reduction in the abundance of disease-related microbes. However, BNC may also produce an increase in the abundance of disease-related microbes. Therefore, extraction of prebiotic components could increase the beneficial value of betel nut.

scholarly journals The Effect of Xuebijing on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolic of Heat 1 Stroke Rat 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang wen ◽  
Xuan He ◽  
Yu Shao ◽  
Lun Peng ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolism Pathway ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract The goal of the present study was to evaluate the fecal microbiome and serum metabolites in 16 Xuebijing (XBJ)-injected rats after heat stroke using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. Eighteen rats were divided into the control group (CON), heat stroke group (HS), and XBJ group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes was overrepresented in the XBJ group compared to the HS group, while Actinobacteria was underrepresented. Metabolomic profiling showed that the pyrimidine metabolism pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway were upregulated in the XBJ group compared to the HS group. Taken together, these results demonstrated that heat stroke not only altered the gut microbiome community structure of rats but also greatly affected metabolic functions, leading to gut microbiome toxicity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Fasting on the Ruminal Microbial Population of Commercial Angus Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Christina Breanne Welch ◽  
Jeferson M. Lourenco ◽  
Darren S. Seidel ◽  
Taylor Rae Krause ◽  
Michael J. Rothrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Diet impacts the composition of the ruminal microbiota; however, prior to slaughter, cattle are fasted, which may change the ruminal microbial ecosystem structure and lead to dysbiosis. The objective of this study was to determine changes occurring in the rumen after pre-slaughter fasting, which can allow harmful pathogens an opportunity to establish in the rumen. Ruminal samples were collected before and after pre-slaughter fasting from seventeen commercial Angus steers. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to determine the ruminal microbiota, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Microbial richness (Chao 1 index), evenness, and Shannon diversity index all increased after fasting (p ≤ 0.040). During fasting, the two predominant families Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased (p ≤ 0.029), whereas the remaining minor families increased (p < 0.001). Fasting increased Blautia and Methanosphaera (p ≤ 0.003), while Campylobacter and Treponema tended to increase (p ≤ 0.086). Butyrate concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.068) after fasting. The present findings support that fasting causes ruminal nutrient depletion resulting in dysbiosis, allowing opportunistic pathogens to exploit the void in the ruminal ecological niche.

scholarly journals Comparison of Rumen Microbiota and Serum Biochemical Indices in White Cashmere Goats Fed Ensiled or Sun-Dried Mulberry Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyue Wang ◽  
Qingmiao Shen ◽  
Shu Zhong ◽  
Yulin Chen ◽  
Yuxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Mulberry leaves, which have high nutritional value, have not been fully utilized. Few research systems have indicated whether mulberry leaves can replace traditional feed ingredients in goats. In this study, we investigated the effects of feeding white cashmere goats ensiled (Group E) or sun-dried mulberry leaves (Group S) on changes in ruminal microbial communities, rumen fermentation parameters and serum biochemical indices. The control group (Group C) received a typical total mixed ration (TMR). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed 209 genera belonging to 19 bacterial phyla dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Only the relative abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-009 were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05). Physiological and biochemical findings revealed that only the serum leptin concentrations were significantly decreased when mulberry leaves were added to the diets (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that Ruminococcus_2 were significantly positively correlated with the butyrate concentration. These findings suggested that supplementation with mulberry leaves only induced minor changes in the abovementioned indicators, implying that the rumen fermentation status was still stable after adding mulberry leaves to the diets.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics of Streptococcus pseudoporcinus isolated in Quebec, Canada, from 1997 to 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1620-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Gaudreau ◽  
Esther Simoneau ◽  
Olivia Labrecque ◽  
Robert A. Laurence ◽  
Céline Laferrière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Animal Isolates

From 1997 to 2006, in the province of Quebec, Canada, 15 isolates of Streptococcus pseudoporcinus from 1 urine and 14 vaginorectal cultures were recovered from the genitourinary tract of pregnant women. All these women originated from the Caribbean or sub-Saharan Africa (P=0.00045 compared with a suitable control group). The S. pseudoporcinus isolates were compared to eight isolates of Streptococcus porcinus identified in Quebec from 1995 to 2006, all from animals, of which five were swine. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was required to differentiate between S. pseudoporcinus and S. porcinus animal isolates.

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