scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Probiotic Lactobacilli on Antibiotic-Resistant Proteus mirabilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Mona Shaaban ◽  
Ola A. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Bashair Al-Qaidi ◽  
Hossam M. Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽  
Tract Infections

The emergence of biofilm-forming, multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Proteus mirabilis infections is a serious threat that necessitates non-antibiotic therapies. Antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming activity of P. mirabilis isolates from urine samples were assessed by disc diffusion and crystal violet assays, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of probiotic Lactobacilli were evaluated by agar diffusion. Antibiofilm and anti-adherence activities were evaluated by crystal violet assays. While most P. mirabilis isolates were antibiotic-resistant to varying degrees, isolate P14 was MDR (resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin) and formed strong biofilms. Cultures and cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus reuteri exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The 1/16 concentration of untreated supernatants of L. casei and L. reuteri significantly reduced mature biofilm formation and adherence of P14 by 60% and 72%, respectively (for L. casei), and by 73% each (for L. reuteri). The 1/8 concentration of pH-adjusted supernatants of L. casei and L. reuteri significantly reduced mature biofilm formation and adherence of P14 by 39% and 75%, respectively (for L. casei), and by 73% each (for L. reuteri). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed eradication of P14’s biofilm by L. casei. L. casei and L. reuteri could be utilized to combat Proteus-associated urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in the Presence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones Alters Proteus mirabilis Biofilm Inhibitory Rate

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Tomasz Bogiel ◽  
Agata Białucha ◽  
Jana Przekwas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Tract Infections

Vitamin C has antimicrobial activity and is often used as an oral supplement accompanying antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infections (UTI). Proteus mirabilis is the third common species responsible for UTIs that are mostly treated with fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Treatment of the UTI caused by P. mirabilis is problematic due to the ability to form biofilm on the urinary catheters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of ascorbic acid in combination with antibiotics on P. mirabilis abilities to form biofilm. The susceptibility of P. mirabilis reference strain ATCC® 29906™ and four clinical strains isolated from the urine samples of patients with urinary catheter were evaluated according to EUCAST recommendations. The influence of ascorbic acid (0.4 mg × mL−1) in combination with antibiotics on biofilm formation was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Aminoglycosides at sub-inhibitory concentrations more successfully limited biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains without ascorbic acid addition. Inhibition rate differences at the lowest concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Ascorbic acid addition to the culture medium limited the inhibitory effect of fluoroquinolones, facilitating biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains. The addition of ascorbic acid during aminoglycosides therapy may disturb treatment of urinary tract infections related to the presence of P. mirabilis biofilm.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATE FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION OF THALASSEMIC PATIENTS IN THI-QAR PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Alaa Abood Yasir OKAB ◽  
Manal B SALIH
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common type of pathogen that causes Urinary tract infection disease. It can be presented as a pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain and found not only in the animal but also in the human intestine. This bacterium can cause opportunistic infection when the human host comprised of thalassemia patients or changes the healthy hemostatic flora. This study aimed to analyze the presence of bacteria in thalassemia patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 303 samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020 from thalassemia patients who suffered from urinary tract infection. The results showed that there were 6.9% of patients infected with E. coli, 2.6% of patients were infected with S. aureus, 0.7% with both Proteus and Klebsiella, while 89.1% of patients had a negative sample for bacteria. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections in females is higher than in males. Besides, its occurrence in rural areas is higher than in city residents. Moreover, among 16 antibiotics tested to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics, Imipenem showed 100% efficacy on all isolated bacteria. In contrast, Netilmicin showed 80.1% efficacy, Gentamycin 80.1%, and Amikacin 76.2%. Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid, did not show any effectiveness toward the bacteria while other antibiotics showed different activities. Furthermore, the isolated microbes from thalassemia patients were the highest resistance to antibiotics in comparison with other studies, and this antibiotic-resistant may be due to the weakening of the patient's immune status and frequent blood taking and the antibodies it contains.

scholarly journals Spread of Enterococcal Surface Protein in Antibiotic Resistant Entero-coccus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections

Enterococci rank among leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection in hospital and community acquired infections. Several traits that may contribute to enhanced virulence have been identified in Enterococci. Extracellular surface protein (Esp) is a virulence factor that contributes in biofilm formation and resistance to environmental stresses. In this study we aimed to determine occurrence ofespinE. faeciumandE. faecalisisolates isolated from urinary tract infections and to investigate whether there is any correlation between presence ofespand antibiotic resistance. One hundred and sixty six isolates were collected from patients with UTI and after identification by biochemical and PCR, antibiotic resistances were examined. The presence ofespwas investigated by primer-specific PCR. 43.3% of isolates identified asE. faeciumand 56.7% asE. faecalis. Theespgene was found in 76.1% ofE. faeciumisolates and 77.9% ofE. faecalisisolate. There were significant correlation betweenesppositiveE. faeciumand resistance to Vancomycin (p<0.01), also inE.faecaliswe found correlation betweenesppositive and resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). Occurrence ofespin our isolates from urinary tract infection was high that indicates importance of this gene in urinary tract infections and shows importance of ability to forming biofilm and hydrophobicity of surface of Enterococci for causing urinary infection by Enterococci. Also, our finding showed significant correlation between resistance to antibiotics and presence ofespin Enterococci.

scholarly journals Effect of Ibicella lutea on uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis growth, virulence, and biofilm formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Sosa ◽  
Pablo Zunino
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
South American ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Bacterial Morphology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Therapeutic Problem ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Proteus mirabilis, an important uropathogen that can cause complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), has emerged as a therapeutic problem following mutations that compromise the use of antimicrobial drugs. Due to the serious effects associated with uropathogenic P. mirabilis and the problems related to the use of antibiotics, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies for its control. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Ibicella lutea extract, a South American indigenous plant, on growth, virulence and biofilm production of uropathogenic P. mirabilis. Methodology:  This study was based on the extract generation and the assessment of its effect on bacterial features related to virulence. These assays involved determination of antibacterial activity, swarming motility, Western blot to assess expression of fimbriae and flagella, biofilms formation, haemagglutination, haemolysis, and electron microscopy.   Results and Conclusions: I. lutea extract had an effect on bacterial growth rate and bacterial morphology. It also affected P. mirabilis swarming differentiation, hemagglutination and biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene. These findings suggest that I. lutea may have a role as an agent for the control of P. mirabilis UTI.

Chlorpromazine-impregnated catheters as a potential strategy to control biofilm-associated urinary tract infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
José JC Sidrim ◽  
Bruno R Amando ◽  
Francisco IF Gomes ◽  
Marilia SMG do Amaral ◽  
Paulo CP de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim: This study proposes the impregnation of Foley catheters with chlorpromazine (CPZ) to control biofilm formation by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials & methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for CPZ and the effect of CPZ on biofilm formation were assessed. Afterward, biofilm formation and the effect of ciprofloxacin and meropenem (at MIC) on mature biofilms grown on CPZ-impregnated catheters were evaluated. Results: CPZ MIC range was 39.06–625 mg/l. CPZ significantly reduced (p < 0.05) biofilm formation in vitro and on impregnated catheters. In addition, CPZ-impregnation potentiated the antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Conclusion: These findings bring perspectives for the use of CPZ as an adjuvant for preventing and treating catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Mannose-Resistant Proteus-Like Fimbriae Are Produced by Most Proteus mirabilis Strains Infecting the Urinary Tract, Dictate the In Vivo Localization of Bacteria, and Contribute to Biofilm Formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7294-7305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Jansen ◽  
Virginia Lockatell ◽  
David E. Johnson ◽  
Harry L. T. Mobley
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Phase Variable ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Proteus mirabilis, an etiologic agent of complicated urinary tract infections, expresses mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae whose expression is phase variable. Here we examine the role of these fimbriae in biofilm formation and colonization of the urinary tract. The majority of wild-type P. mirabilis cells in transurethrally infected mice produced MR/P fimbriae. Mutants that were phase-locked for either constitutive expression (MR/P ON) or the inability to express MR/P fimbriae (MR/P OFF) were phenotypically distinct and swarmed at different rates. The number of P. mirabilis cells adhering to bladder tissue did not appear to be affected by MR/P fimbriation. However, the pattern of adherence to the bladder surface was strikingly different. MR/P OFF colonized the lamina propria underlying exfoliated uroepithelium, while MR/P ON colonized the luminal surfaces of bladder umbrella cells and not the exfoliated regions. Wild-type P. mirabilis was usually found colonizing intact uroepithelium, but it occasionally adhered to exfoliated areas. MR/P ON formed significantly more biofilm than either P. mirabilis HI4320 (P = 0.03) or MR/P OFF (P = 0.05). MR/P OFF was able to form a biofilm similar to that of the wild type. MR/P ON formed a three-dimensional biofilm structure as early as 18 h after the initiation of the biofilm, while MR/P OFF and the wild type did not. After 7 days, however, P. mirabilis HI4320 formed a 65-μm-thick biofilm, while the thickest MR/P ON and MR/P OFF biofilms were only 12 μm thick. We concluded that MR/P fimbriae are expressed by most P. mirabilis cells infecting the urinary tract, dictate the localization of bacteria in the bladder, and contribute to biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolate from Urinary Tract Infection Of Thalassemic Patients in Thi-Qar Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Alaa Abood Yasir Okab ◽  
Manal Salih
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common type of pathogen that causes Urinary tract infection disease. It can be presented as pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain and found not only in the animal but also in the human intestine. This bacterium can cause opportunistic infection when the human host comprised of thalassemia patients or changes the healthy hemostatic flora. This study aimed to analyze the presence of bacteria in thalassemia patients with urinary tract infection. A total of 303 samples were collected during the period from August 2019 to January 2020 from thalassemia patients who suffered from urinary tract infection. The results showed that there were 6.9% of patients infected with E. coli, 2.6% of patients were infected with S. aureus, 0.7% with both Proteus and Klebsiella, while 89.1% of patients had a negative sample for bacteria. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections in females is higher than in males. Besides, its occurrence in rural areas is higher than in city residents. Moreover, among 16 antibiotics tested to sensitize bacteria to antibiotics, Imipenem showed 100% efficacy on all isolated bacteria. In contrast, Netilmicin showed 80.1% efficacy, Gentamycin 80.1%, and Amikacin 76.2%. Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Ticarcillin-Clavulanic Acid, did not show any effectiveness toward the bacteria while other antibiotics showed different activities. Furthermore, the isolated microbes from thalassemia patients were the highest resistance to antibiotics in comparison with other studies, and this antibiotic-resistant may be due to the weakening of the patient's immune status and frequent blood taking and the antibodies it contains.

Virulence Factors Associated with Quinolone Resistance in Proteus Species Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Samah S. El-Kazzaz ◽  
Noha M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Proteus is an important causative organism of urinary system infections. The invasive nature of Proteus is supported by expression of multiple virulence factors; the infection outcome gets worse when those virulent isolates acquire antibiotic resistant determinants. Objectives: The present study was aiming at isolation of Proteus from urine of patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to assess the relation between virulence factors expression and presence of quinolones resistance genes in those isolates. Methodology: Quinolone resistant Proteus isolates were chosen for detection of quinolone resistance genes, also they were tested for presence of different virulence factors. Results: Sixty eight quinolone resistant Proteus isolates were determined. aac(6′)- Ib-cr was the most frequently detected quinolone resistance gene. Haemagglutination, haemolytic activity, protease production and biofilm formation were documented in 79.4%, 76.5%, 70.6% and 83.8% of the isolates respectively. Conclusion: Proteus isolated from urine displayed many virulence factors and harbored a variety of quinolone resistance genes.

scholarly journals Phylogeny, Resistome, and Virulome of Escherichia coli Causing Biliary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres ◽  
Rémy A. Bonnin ◽  
José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Marín ◽  
Thierry Naas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Abdominal Infections ◽  
First Time

Escherichia coli is the most frequent Gram-negative bacilli involved in intra-abdominal infections. However, despite high mortality rates associated with biliary tract infections due to E. coli, there is no study focusing on this pathogen. In this study, we have characterized a group of 15 E. coli isolates obtained from 12 patients with biliary tract infections. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recovered. Phylogeny, resistome, and virulome analysis through whole genome sequencing and biofilm formation were investigated. Among the 15 E. coli isolates, no predominant sequence type (ST) was identified, although 3 of them belonged to unknown STs (20%). Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cotrimoxazole, and quinolones was more present in these isolates; whereas, third and fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, amikacin, tigecycline, and colistin were highly active. Moreover, high diversity of virulence factors has been found, with sfa, fimH, and gad the most frequently detected genes. Interestingly, 26.6% of the E. coli isolates were high biofilm-producers. Altogether, our data characterized for the first time E. coli isolates associated with biliary tract infections in terms of genomic relationship, resistome, and virulome.

scholarly journals The high-affinity phosphate transporter Pst in Proteus mirabilis HI4320 and its importance in biofilm formation

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. O'May ◽  
S. M. Jacobsen ◽  
M. Longwell ◽  
P. Stoodley ◽  
H. L. T. Mobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transposon Mutants ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Pst System ◽  
Specific Transport System

Proteus mirabilis causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) in individuals requiring long-term indwelling catheterization. The pathogenesis of this uropathogen is mediated by a number of virulence factors and the formation of crystalline biofilms. In addition, micro-organisms have evolved complex systems for the acquisition of nutrients, including the phosphate-specific transport system, which has been shown to be important in biofilm formation and pathogenesis. A functional Pst system is important during UTIs caused by P. mirabilis HI4320, since transposon mutants in the PstS periplasmic binding protein and the PstA permease protein were attenuated in the CBA mouse model of UTI. These mutants displayed a defect in biofilm formation when grown in human urine. This study focuses on a comparison of the proteomes during biofilm and planktonic growth in phosphate-rich medium and human urine, and microscopic investigations of biofilms formed by the pst mutants. Our data suggest that (i) the Δpst mutants, and particularly the ΔpstS mutant, are defective in biofilm formation, and (ii) the proteomes of these mutants differ significantly from that of the wild-type. Therefore, since the Pst system of P. mirabilis HI4320 negatively regulates biofilm formation, this system is important for the pathogenesis of these organisms during complicated UTIs.

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