scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Long-Range Pathogen: Systemic Impact and Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Mulhall ◽  
Olivier Huck ◽  
Salomon Amar
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
The Impact

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiosis of the oral flora characterized by a chronic sustained inflammation leading to destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Over the last decade, an association between periodontitis and systemic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and obesity has been demonstrated. The role of periodontal pathogens, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), in the onset or exacerbation of systemic diseases has been proposed. P. gingivalis expresses several virulence factors that promote its survival, spreading, and sustaining systemic inflammation. Recently, the impact of periodontitis on gut dysbiosis has also been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying the systemic influence of periodontitis. New therapeutic strategies for periodontitis and other dysbiotic conditions, including the use of beneficial microbes to restore healthy microbial flora, may pave the way to improved therapeutic outcomes and more thorough patient management.

The Origin of Periodontal Infections

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Genco ◽  
J.J. Zambon ◽  
L.A. Christersson
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Localized Juvenile Periodontitis ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Bacteroides Gingivalis

Periodontal diseases are recognized as bacterial infections, and some forms are associated with specific organisms, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in juvenile periodontitis, and Bacteroides gingivalis and others in adult periodontitis. The source of the periodontal organisms, whether they are part of the indigenous or resident flora and overgrow to become opportunistic oral pathogens, or whether they are exogenous oral pathogens, is important to determine. The chain of periodontal infection, microbial agent(s) and their transmission, and host response are reviewed with respect to the role of A. actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis and B. gingivalis in adult periodontitis. The present data lead us to hypothesize that some periodontal organisms may be exogenous pathogens. Prevention of periodontal diseases may be influenced by the knowledge of whether various forms are caused by opportunistic organisms or exogenous pathogens. If exogenous pathogens are responsible, prevention can be directed to intercepting transmission, thereby preventing colonization. On the other hand, if the organisms are opportunistic pathogens, prevention might be directed at interfering with initial acquisition of the flora earlier in life, as well as suppressing them to low levels consistent with health. For those exogenous periodontal infections, attempts at eradication and prevention of re-infection are likely to be effective. If the organisms are part of the indigenous flora, there is little hope of complete elimination of the organism. Criteria for distinguishing exogenous periodontal pathogens from opportunistic periodontal pathogens include the prediction that exogenous pathogens would be transient members of the oral flora associated with periodontal disease, likely to be comprised of one or a few clonal types, and intrinsically virulent. In contrast, opportunistic periodontal pathogens would likely be members of the indigenous flora and would overgrow. They would likely be comprised of many clonal types, and have an intrinsically low level of virulence.

scholarly journals Nano-Biomimetic Drug Delivery Vehicles: Potential Approaches for COVID-19 Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5952
Author(s):  
Bwalya A. Witika ◽  
Pedzisai A. Makoni ◽  
Larry L. Mweetwa ◽  
Pascal V. Ntemi ◽  
Melissa T. R. Chikukwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

The current COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resolve of the global community with more than 35 million infections worldwide and numbers increasing with no cure or vaccine available to date. Nanomedicines have an advantage of providing enhanced permeability and retention and have been extensively studied as targeted drug delivery strategies for the treatment of different disease. The role of monocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and macrophages in diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis, are better understood and have resulted in improved strategies for targeting and in some instances mimicking these cell types to improve therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, these primary cell types can be exploited for the purposes of serving as a “Trojan horse” for targeted delivery to identified organs and sites of inflammation. State of the art and potential utilization of nanocarriers such as nanospheres/nanocapsules, nanocrystals, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles/nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, and nanosponges for biomimicry and/or targeted delivery of bioactives to cells are reported herein and their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19 infections discussed. Physicochemical properties, viz., hydrophilicity, particle shape, surface charge, composition, concentration, the use of different target-specific ligands on the surface of carriers, and the impact on carrier efficacy and specificity are also discussed.

scholarly journals POCUS in cardiac arrest and its therapeutic implications – a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (84) ◽  
pp. e67-e69
Author(s):  
Wei Yang Lim ◽  
◽  
Kay Choong See ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Critical Care Unit ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Impact

Point of Care Ultrasound is an increasingly popular modality in the emergency department as well as in the critical care unit. Its applications are varied, centered on its role in diagnosis, thereby minimizing the time taken for the appropriate diagnosis to be made and hence incorporate definitive treatment. There are currently no international guidelines published with regards for point of care ultrasound in the context of cardiac arrest. We propose to delineate the impact of the role of point of care ultrasound in a patient with cardiac arrest, in the evaluation of the cause, its prognostic role, as well as possible implications for therapies based on a case report.

scholarly journals Minimising The Counter-Therapeutic Effects Of Coronial Investigations: In Search Of Balance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Freckelton
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Therapeutic Jurisprudence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
The Impact

<p><em><span style="font-size: medium;">For more than a decade analyses of coronial processes inspired by both therapeutic jurisprudence and restorative justice have identified the potential for maximising the therapeutic and public health benefits of the investigative functions of coroners’ courts and minimising their counter-therapeutic potential. The focus of both scholarly literature and law reform proposals has been upon addressing deficits in respect of the role of families in coronial investigations and especially coroners’ inquests. This has been a constructive contribution and has improved sensitivity to the risk that family members will be disenfranchised and alienated at a highly vulnerable time after they have been bereaved. This article chronicles the development in awareness of such issues. However, the potential for adv­erse effects on parties other than family members has been inadequately recognised in the literature, save for empirical studies conducted in 2011 for the Coronial Council of Victoria and another study published in 2014 in New Zealand. This article seeks to redress that imbalance. It argues that it is appropriate also to have regard to such potential in endeavouring to provide an approach to the work of coroners that is influenced by the sensibilities of therapeutic jurisprudence and seeks to reduce, so far as possible, counter-therapeutic outcomes for all parties, at the same time prioritising accurate and robust fact-finding and formulation of constructive recommendations to avoid avoidable deaths. It calls for further empirical research on the impact of coroners’ investigations on all affected parties and argues in favour of extension of improved funding to enable approaches to be informed by therapeutic jurisprudence and in particular to enhance eligibility for the services of counselling services attached to coroners’ courts.</span></em></p>

Right brain to right brain therapy: how tactile, expressive arts therapy emulates attachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Melissa Urquhart ◽  
Fiona Gardner ◽  
Margarita Frederico ◽  
Rachael Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Play Therapy ◽  
Expressive Arts ◽  
Expressive Arts Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Right Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Therapy Technique ◽  
Relational Trauma ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of a manipulative art therapy technique combined with an attuned therapeutic relationship which aims to replicate the experience of nurturing touch in infancy is explored in this paper. The current literature will be reviewed in relation to the interface between attachment-related trauma and the use of expressive art and play therapy in the context of relevant clinical experience. Specific experiences of clinical practice with children and associated therapeutic outcomes are used to illustrate the potential of this combination. In addition, we argue for further investigation of therapeutic benefits inherent in manipulative art and play in replication of the regulating role of touch with children who have experienced early relational trauma.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos ◽  
Amarshi Mukherjee ◽  
Erika Darrah ◽  
Felipe Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Immune Mediated

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by immune-mediated damage of synovial joints and antibodies to citrullinated antigens. Periodontal disease, a bacterial-induced inflammatory disease of the periodontium, is commonly observed in RA and has implicated periodontal pathogens as potential triggers of the disease. In particular, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans have gained interest as microbial candidates involved in RA pathogenesis by inducing the production of citrullinated antigens. Here, we will discuss the clinical and mechanistic evidence surrounding the role of these periodontal bacteria in RA pathogenesis, which highlights a key area for the treatment and preventive interventions in RA.

scholarly journals Health Impact and Therapeutic Manipulation of the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Fred Kwame Ofosu ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Byong Hoon Lee ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Recent advances in microbiome studies have revealed much information about how the gut virome, mycobiome, and gut bacteria influence health and disease. Over the years, many studies have reported associations between the gut microflora under different pathological conditions. However, information about the role of gut metabolites and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affect health and disease does not provide enough evidence. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metabolomics coupled with large, randomized clinical trials are helping scientists to understand whether gut dysbiosis precedes pathology or gut dysbiosis is secondary to pathology. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge on the impact of gut bacteria, virome, and mycobiome interactions with the host and how they could be manipulated to promote health.

scholarly journals Role of antibodies to self-antigens in chronic allograft rejection: Potential mechanism and therapeutic implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayan J. Sarma ◽  
Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi ◽  
Nataraju Angaswamy ◽  
T. Mohanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Allograft Rejection ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Chronic Allograft Rejection ◽  
Self Antigens

scholarly journals Dietary Contamination with a Neonicotinoid (Clothianidin) Gradient Triggers Specific Dysbiosis Signatures of Microbiota Activity along the Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Digestive Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Sarah El Khoury ◽  
Jeff Gauthier ◽  
Sidki Bouslama ◽  
Bachar Cheaib ◽  
Pierre Giovenazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
The Impact

Pesticides are are increasing honeybee (Apis mellifera) death rates globally. Clothianidin neonicotinoid appears to impair the microbe–immunity axis. We conducted cage experiments on newly emerged bees that were 4–6 days old and used a 16S rRNA metataxonomic approach to measure the impact of three sublethal clothianidin concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 ppb) on survival, sucrose syrup consumption and gut microbiota community structure. Exposure to clothianidin significantly increased mortality in the three concentrations compared to controls. Interestingly, the lowest clothianidin concentration was associated with the highest mortality, and the medium concentration with the highest food intake. Exposure to clothianidin induced significant variation in the taxonomic distribution of gut microbiota activity. Co-abundance network analysis revealed local dysbiosis signatures specific to each gut section (midgut, ileum and rectum) were driven by specific taxa. Our findings confirm that exposure to clothianidin triggers a reshuffling of beneficial strains and/or potentially pathogenic taxa within the gut, suggesting a honeybee’s symbiotic defense systems’ disruption, such as resistance to microbial colonization. This study highlights the role of weak transcriptional activity taxa in maintaining a stable honeybee gut microbiota. Finally, the early detection of gut dysbiosis in honeybees is a promising biomarker in hive management for assessing the impact exposure to sublethal xenobiotics.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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