scholarly journals The Anti-Campylobacter Activity and Mechanisms of Pinocembrin Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Klančnik ◽  
Katarina Šimunović ◽  
Jasna Kovac ◽  
Orhan Sahin ◽  
Zuowei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Bacterial Fitness ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mice Liver ◽  
Fe Ions ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

We investigated the anti-Campylobacter activity of pinocembrin and its mechanism of action, as well as Campylobacter responses to pinocembrin treatment at the genetic and phenotypic levels, using C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and a multidrug efflux system repressor mutant (11168ΔcmeR). At its minimal inhibitory concentration, pinocembrin significantly increased cell membrane permeability of Campylobacter. Interestingly, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, pinocembrin did not significantly alter membrane functionality and it increased bacterial fitness. Treatment with pinocembrin evoked decreased expression of ribosomal proteins and down-regulation of several NADH dehydrogenase I chain subunits and proteins involved in iron uptake. This suggests altered protein production and redox cycle and iron metabolism. Interestingly, the chelation of Fe ions during the treatment with pinocembrin increased C. jejuni survival, although there was no increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species. Pre-treatment of C. jejuni with sub-inhibitory concentrations of pinocembrin for 2 h resulted in a 1 log decrease in C. jejuni colony forming units in mice liver at 8 days post-infection, compared to untreated C. jejuni. These findings suggest that pinocembrin modulates the metabolic activity of C. jejuni and that pre-treatment of C. jejuni with pinocembrin influences its virulence potential in mice. This anti-Campylobacter potential of pinocembrin warrants further investigation.

BmeRABC5 Is a Multidrug Efflux System That Can Confer Metronidazole Resistance inBacteroides fragilis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Pumbwe ◽  
Abraham Chang ◽  
Rachel L. Smith ◽  
Hannah M. Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

scholarly journals The therapeutic potential of propolis against damage caused by Salmonella typhimurium in mice liver: A biochemical and histological study

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Kalia ◽  
Neelima Kumar ◽  
Kusum Harjai
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Mice Liver ◽  
Limited Scope ◽  
Different Doses

Honeybee products are a rich source of nutritive supplements and traditional medication. The increasing resistance of bacteria towards various antibiotics and the limited scope of some vaccines makes it important to explore alternative therapies to combat bacterial diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial action of propolis using biochemical and histopathological methods in Salmonella typhimurium-infected BALB/c mice. Crude propolis was collected from an apiary and extracted with 70% ethanol. Hepatotoxicity was induced in mice by infecting them with Salmonella typhimurium (104 colony-forming units (CFU)), and the hepatoprotective activity of propolis was evaluated by administration of different doses of propolis (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed at regular intervals during the experimental period. Results obtained after treatment were compared with similar studies performed on normal control mice. Infected mice showed elevated liver marker enzymes and revealed the presence of characteristic typhoidal nodules in histological preparations. These results point to the therapeutic activity of propolis against Salmonella typhimurium.

scholarly journals Optimized Nile Red Efflux Assay of AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux System Shows Competition between Substrates

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 3770-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen A. Bohnert ◽  
Brian Karamian ◽  
Hiroshi Nikaido
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Proton Conductor ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Tetraphenylphosphonium Chloride ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

ABSTRACT AcrAB-TolC is the major constitutively expressed efflux pump system that provides resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents and dyes in Escherichia coli. However, no systematically optimized real-time dye efflux assay has been published for the measurement of its activity and for detection of possible competition between substrates. Here, we report on the development of such an assay using a lipophilic dye, Nile Red. Energy-depleted cells were loaded with the dye in the presence of low (10 μM or less) concentrations of the proton conductor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The CCCP was then removed, and efflux was triggered by energization with glucose. Various known efflux pump inhibitors and antimicrobials were checked for the ability to slow down Nile Red efflux, presumably through competition. Besides the known inhibitors Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide and 1-naphthyl-methylpiperazine, several tetracyclic compounds (doxorubicin, minocycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline) and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride were found to interfere with dye efflux. This inhibition could not be explained by the depletion of proton motive force. None of the other tested antimicrobials, including macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams, had any impact on Nile Red efflux, even at concentrations of up to 1 mM.

scholarly journals Meropenem potentiation of aminoglycoside activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement of the MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux system

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Poole ◽  
Christie Gilmour ◽  
Maya A Farha ◽  
Michael D Parkins ◽  
Rachael Klinoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation of Campylobacter jejuni YH003, Isolated from Retail Chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping He ◽  
Sue Reed ◽  
Terence P. Strobaugh
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Type Vi Secretion System ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

The complete genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni YH003, isolated from retail chicken, was determined using PacBio and Illumina technologies. The assembled genome is 1,743,985 bp (G+C content of 30.3%). Genome annotation revealed several genes encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance factors, including a type VI secretion system, cytolethal distending toxins, and a multidrug efflux system.

scholarly journals Multidrug efflux in intrinsic resistance to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2288-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Köhler ◽  
M Kok ◽  
M Michea-Hamzehpour ◽  
P Plesiat ◽  
N Gotoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Wild Type Parent ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses at least two multiple drug efflux systems which are defined by the outer membrane proteins OprM and OprJ. We have found that mutants overexpressing OprM were two- and eightfold more resistant than their wild-type parent to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), respectively. For OprJ-overproducing strains, MICs of TMP increased fourfold but those of SMX were unchanged. Strains overexpressing OprM, but not those overexpressing OprJ, became hypersusceptible to TMP and SMX when oprM was inactivated. The wild-type antibiotic profile could be restored in an oprM mutant by transcomplementation with the cloned oprM gene. These results demonstrate that the mexABoprM multidrug efflux system is mainly responsible for the intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa to TMP and SMX.

scholarly journals Conformational Flexibility in the Multidrug Efflux System Protein AcrA

Structure ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mikolosko ◽  
Kostyantyn Bobyk ◽  
Helen I. Zgurskaya ◽  
Partho Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Flexibility ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

scholarly journals High-Level Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli Overproduce Multidrug Efflux Protein AcrA

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3441-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Mazzariol ◽  
Yutaka Tokue ◽  
Tiffany M. Kanegawa ◽  
Giuseppe Cornaglia ◽  
Hiroshi Nikaido
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multidrug Efflux System

ABSTRACT Immunoblotting with antibody against AcrA, an obligatory component of the AcrAB multidrug efflux system, showed that this protein was overexpressed by ≥170% in 9 of 10 clinical isolates ofEsherichia coli with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MICs, ≥32 μg/ml) but not in any of the 15 isolates for which the MIC was ≤1 μg/ml.

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