scholarly journals Variation in Soil Fungal Composition Associated with the Invasion of Stellera chamaejasme L. in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Grassland

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Andrew Detheridge ◽  
Yongmei Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Haochen Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Stellera Chamaejasme

Stellera chamaejasme L. is the most problematic weed in China’s grasslands. Its root exudates affect co-occurring plants and thus may also affect soil fungi. Soils (0–20 cm depth) on two adjacent sites, one invaded the other uninvaded, were compared for a range of physiochemical parameters and by DNA sequencing of fungal communities. At the invaded site, relationships between S. chamaejasme abundance, soil physiochemical factors, and fungal communities were further investigated to determine whether these relationships corroborated conclusions on the basis of site differences that could be translated into functional variation. Results showed that the invaded soils had lower N, P, organic matter, fungal alpha diversity, and relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but greater abundance of pathogenic fungi. Organic matter and P were the edaphic factors most strongly linked to site differences in total fungal communities. Within the invaded site, organic matter rather than S. chamaejasme cover was closely linked to total fungal composition. However, on this site, a number of fungal species that had various ecological functions and that differentiated the two sites were related to S. chamaejasme cover. This study indicates that lower fertility soils may be more susceptible to invasion by S. chamaejasme. Although the influence of S. chamaejasme on total fungal community composition was limited, there was evidence of effects on particular fungal species. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects influence S. chamaejasme invasiveness.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monoculture Negatively Regulates Fungal Community Composition and Abundance of Tea Orchards

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Arafat ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Hira Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Continuous Cropping System ◽  
Tea Plants

Continuous cropping frequently leads to soil acidification and major soil-borne diseases in tea plants, resulting in low tea yield. We have limited knowledge about the effects of continuous tea monoculture on soil properties and the fungal community. Here, we selected three replanted tea fields with 2, 15, and 30 years of monoculture history to assess the influence of continuous cropping on fungal communities and soil physiochemical attributes. The results showed that continuous tea monoculture significantly reduced soil pH and tea yield. Alpha diversity analysis showed that species richness declined significantly as the tea planting years increased and the results based on diversity indicated inconsistency. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that monoculture duration had the highest loading in structuring fungal communities. The relative abundance of Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, and Chytridiomycota decreased and Zygomycota and Basidiomycota increased with increasing cropping time. Continuous tea cropping not only decreased some beneficial fungal species such as Mortierella alpina and Mortierella elongatula, but also promoted potentially pathogenic fungal species such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Microidium phyllanthi over time. Overall, continuous tea cropping decreased soil pH and potentially beneficial microbes and increased soil pathogenic microbes, which could be the reason for reducing tea yield. Thus, developing sustainable tea farming to improve soil pH, microbial activity, and enhanced beneficial soil microbes under a continuous cropping system is vital for tea production.

scholarly journals Alterations to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition is driven by warming at specific elevations

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11792
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Zhaoyong Shi ◽  
Bede S. Mickan ◽  
Mengge Zhang ◽  
Libing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Soil Dna

Background Global warming can alter plant productivity, and community composition which has consequences for soil-plant associated microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are distributed widely and form symbiotic relationships with more than 80% of vascular plants and play a key role in nutrient cycling processes at the ecosystem scale. Methods A simulated warming experiment at multiple elevations (3,000, 3,500, 3,800, and 4,170 m) was conducted utilizing an in-situ open-top chamber (OTC) for exploring the effect of global warming on AMF community structure in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). This region has been identified as one of the most sensitive areas to climatic changes. Soil DNA was extracted and sequenced using next the Mi-Seq platform for diversity profiling. Results AMF richness was higher under the simulated warming chamber, however this only occurred in the elevation of 3,500 m. Warming did not alter other AMF alpha diversity indices (e.g. Shannon, Ace, and Simpson evenness index). Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominate AMF genera as assessed through their relative abundance and occurrence in control and warming treatments at the different elevations. Conclusion Warming changed significantly AMF community. The effects of warming on AMF community structure varied depend on elevations. Moreover, the occurrences of AMF in different genera were also presented the different responses to warming in four elevations.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities from Perturbed Areas Reveal Drive Role of Environmental Factors in Microbial Diversity of Colombian Andosols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL ALEXANDER ARANGUREN AROCA ◽  
Samuele Voyron ◽  
Fabrizio Ungaro ◽  
Julio Cañón ◽  
Erica Lumini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

Abstract Changes in soil fungal community caused by land use have not been sufficiently studied in South-American Andosols, considered globally as important food production areas. This study analyzed 26 soil samples of Andosols collected from locations devoted to conservation, agriculture and mining activities in the southeastern region of Antioquia, Colombia, to establish differences between fungal communities as indicators of the degree of soil perturbation. The study developed a novel heminested PCR with primers SSUmCf Mix, ITS4 and fITS7 to assess Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi detection in a Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region. A non-metric multidimensional scaling allowed exploring driver factors of fungal community changes, while fitted Dirichlet-multinomial models and PERMANOVA tests allowed identifying the correlations between alpha diversity indexes and community dissimilarities, as well as the significance of land use effects on fungal community composition. Furthermore, response ratios were determined to assess effect size by land use over relevant taxa. Results suggest a good coverage of fungal diversity with a detection of 10,529 high-quality ITS2 sequences belonged to phylum Glomeromycota. The analysis shows strong correlations of Shannon and Fisher indexes with dissimilarities on fungal communities among land uses (r=0.94), related to variations in temperature, air humidity and organic matter contents that lead to significant responses in abundances of relevant orders (such as Wallemiales and Trichosporonales). The study highlights the rich fungal biodiversity of the tropical Andosols, their specific sensitivities to environmental perturbation factors, and the useful range of a metabarcoding approach to characterize soil fungal communities.

scholarly journals Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D’Souza ◽  
Bernard Felinov Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

scholarly journals Diversity, host-specificity and stability of sponge-associated fungal communities of co-occurring sponges

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T.H.D. Nguyen ◽  
Torsten Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
Community Profiling ◽  
Surrounding Seawater

Fungi play a critical role in a range of ecosystems; however, their interactions and functions in marine hosts, and particular sponges, is poorly understood. Here we assess the fungal community composition of three co-occurring sponges (Cymbastela concentrica, Scopalina sp., Tedania anhelans) and the surrounding seawater over two time points to help elucidate host-specificity, stability and potential core members, which may shed light into the ecological function of fungi in sponges. The results showed that ITS-amplicon-based community profiling likely provides a more realistic assessment of fungal diversity in sponges than cultivation-dependent approaches. The sponges studied here were found to contain phylogenetically diverse fungi (eight fungal classes were observed), including members of the family Togniniaceae and the genus Acrostalagmus, that have so far not been reported to be cultured from sponges. Fungal communities within any given sponge species were found to be highly variable compared to bacterial communities, and influenced in structure by the community of the surrounding seawater, especially considering temporal variation. Nevertheless, the sponge species studied here contained a few “variable/core” fungi that appeared in multiple biological replicates and were enriched in their relative abundance compared to seawater communities. These fungi were the same or highly similar to fungal species detected in sponges around the world, which suggests a prevalence of horizontal transmission where selectivity and enrichment of some fungi occur for those that can survive and/or exploit the sponge environment. Our current sparse knowledge about sponge-associated fungi thus indicate that fungal communities may perhaps not play as an important ecological role in the sponge holobiont compared to bacterial or archaeal symbionts.

scholarly journals Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees by molecular and morphological approaches

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fernández Bidondo ◽  
R. P. Colombo ◽  
M. Recchi ◽  
V. A. Silvani ◽  
M. Pérgola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fungal Specificity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community associated with pecan (Caryaillinoinensis) roots and rhizospheric soils was assessed by spore isolation and morphological characterisation and by pyrosequencing of AM molecular markers. The AM fungal community associated with pecan growing in the field, was always more diverse than that associated with pecan growing in containers. This was not observed when AM richness was studied, suggesting that soil disturbance by a reduction in host plant richness leads to a less equitable distribution of AM fungal species, in contrast to natural soils. The chosen primers (AMV4.5F/AMDGR) for pyrosequencing showed high AM fungal specificity. Based on 97% sequence similarity, 49 operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were obtained and, amongst these, 41 MOTUs corresponded to the Glomeromycotaphylum. The number of obtained AM sequences ranged from 2164, associated with field samples, to 5572 obtained from pecan trap pot culture samples, defining 30 and 29 MOTUs, respectively. Richness estimated by conventional species identification was 6 and 9 AM fungal species in soil and pot samples, respectively. Claroideoglomuslamellosum, Funneliformismosseae and Entrophosporainfrequens were the only taxa detected using both techniques. Predominant sequences in the pecan rhizosphere samples, such as Rhizoglomusirregulare and other less abundant (Dominikiairanica, Dominikiaindica, Sclerocystissinuosa, Paraglomuslaccatum), were detected only by pyrosequencing. Detection of AM fungal species based on spore morphology, in combination with molecular approaches, provides a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community composition.

scholarly journals Fast response of fungal and prokaryotic communities to climate change manipulation in two contrasting tundra soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Voříšková ◽  
Bo Elberling ◽  
Anders Priemé
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tundra Soils ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Climate Manipulation

Abstract Background Climate models predict substantial changes in temperature and precipitation patterns across Arctic regions, including increased winter precipitation as snow in the near future. Soil microorganisms are considered key players in organic matter decomposition and regulation of biogeochemical cycles. However, current knowledge regarding their response to future climate changes is limited. Here, we explore the short-term effect of increased snow cover on soil fungal, bacterial and archaeal communities in two tundra sites with contrasting water regimes in Greenland. In order to assess seasonal variation of microbial communities, we collected soil samples four times during the plant-growing season. Results The analysis revealed that soil microbial communities from two tundra sites differed from each other due to contrasting soil chemical properties. Fungal communities showed higher richness at the dry site whereas richness of prokaryotes was higher at the wet tundra site. We demonstrated that fungal and bacterial communities at both sites were significantly affected by short-term increased snow cover manipulation. Our results showed that fungal community composition was more affected by deeper snow cover compared to prokaryotes. The fungal communities showed changes in both taxonomic and ecological groups in response to climate manipulation. However, the changes were not pronounced at all sampling times which points to the need of multiple sampling in ecosystems where environmental factors show seasonal variation. Further, we showed that effects of increased snow cover were manifested after snow had melted. Conclusions We demonstrated rapid response of soil fungal and bacterial communities to short-term climate manipulation simulating increased winter precipitation at two tundra sites. In particular, we provide evidence that fungal community composition was more affected by increased snow cover compared to prokaryotes indicating fast adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Since fungi are considered the main decomposers of complex organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems, the stronger response of fungal communities may have implications for organic matter turnover in tundra soils under future climate.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Addition and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Beta Diversity: Patterns and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawen Lu ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Shurong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Community Dissimilarity ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Global nitrogen eutrophication, which is disrupting the intimate plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, can alter the diversity and physiological functions of soil AMF greatly. However, shifts of beta diversity and the intrinsic patterns of AMF community dissimilarities in response to nitrogen addition remain unclear. Based on a 7-year nitrogen addition experiment in a Qinghai–Tibet Plateau alpine meadow, we detected the changes in soil AMF alpha diversity (richness and genus abundance) and the community composition beta diversity by partitioning the two components of Simpson and nestedness dissimilarities along (turnover) and within (variation) nitrogen addition treatments, and fitted with environmental factor dissimilarities. We found that nitrogen addition decreased AMF richness by decreasing the most dominant AMF genus of Glomus but increasing the abundance of the rare genera. The turnover of the AMF community overall beta diversity along the nitrogen addition gradients was induced by the increased nestedness dissimilarity, while the variation within treatments was explained by both increased Simpson and nestedness dissimilarities, which was significantly correlated with soil pH. Our study found both Simpson and nestedness dissimilarities worked on the AMF community dissimilarity after nitrogen addition and the significant variation within the same treatment, which would be important in the future for predicting global AMF or microbial diversity changes in response to nitrogen eutrophication.

Plant traits and taxonomy drive host associations in tropical phyllosphere fungal communities

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Kembel ◽  
Rebecca C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Individual Tree

The aerial surface of plants, known as the phyllosphere, represents a widespread and diverse habitat for microbes, but the fungal communities colonizing the surface of leaves are not well characterized, and how these communities are assembled on hosts is unknown. We used high-throughput sequencing of fungal communities on the leaves of 51 tree species in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama to examine the influence of host plant taxonomy and traits on the fungi colonizing the phyllosphere. Fungal communities on leaves were dominated by the phyla Ascomycota (79% of all sequences), Basidiomycota (11%), and Chytridiomycota (5%). Host plant taxonomic identity explained more than half of the variation in fungal community composition across trees, and numerous host functional traits related to leaf morphology, leaf chemistry, and plant growth and mortality were significantly associated with fungal community structure. Differences in fungal biodiversity among hosts suggest that individual tree species support unique fungal communities and that diverse tropical forests also support a large number of fungal species. Similarities between phyllosphere and decomposer communities suggest that fungi inhabiting living leaves may have significant roles in ecosystem functioning in tropical forests.

Structure and resilience of fungal communities in Alaskan boreal forest soilsThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee Taylor ◽  
Ian C. Herriott ◽  
Kelsie E. Stone ◽  
Jack W. McFarland ◽  
Michael G. Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Horizon

This paper outlines molecular analyses of soil fungi within the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research program. We examined community structure in three studies in mixed upland, black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forests and examined taxa involved in cellulose degradation at one upland site. We found that soil horizon was the factor by which fungal communities were most strongly structured and that predictable turnover in upland fungal species occurred through succession. Communities from consecutive summers were not significantly different, indicating that interannual variation was small in relation to differences between forest types and soil horizons, yet the community at a seasonal study site underwent significant changes within a year. In each study, mycorrhizal fungi dominated the community. Fungi rather than bacteria appeared to dominate [13C]cellulose degradation, with strongest growth in taxa that were not dominant members of the untreated community, including members of the genus Sebacina . Overall, our results point to considerable interannual resilience juxtaposed with narrow niche partitioning and the capacity of individual taxa in these hyperdiverse communities to respond strongly to resource inputs and changes in other abiotic environmental parameters such as temperature. Our data double the cumulative total of fungal sequences in GenBank and together achieve a better picture of fungal communities here than for any other ecosystem on earth at this time.

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