scholarly journals Cryptosporidium Prevalence in Calves and Geese Co-Grazing on Four Livestock Farms Surrounding Two Reservoirs Supplying Public Water to Mainland Orkney, Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wells ◽  
Paton ◽  
Bacchetti ◽  
Shaw ◽  
Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Greylag Geese ◽  
High Level

The parasite Cryptosporidium parvum represents a threat to livestock health and production, water quality and public health. Cattle are known to be significant reservoirs of C. parvum, but transmission routes are complex and recent studies have implicated the potential role of wildlife in parasite transmission to cattle and water sources. On the Orkney Isles, high densities of Greylag geese (Anser anser) cause widespread faecal contamination of cattle pastures, where cryptosporidiosis is known to be the main cause of neonatal calf diarrhoea and Cryptosporidium contamination frequently occurs in two reservoirs supplying Mainland Orkney’s public water. This study aimed to determine the Cryptosporidium species and subtypes present in geese and calves co-grazing on four farms surrounding two reservoirs on Mainland Orkney. Results indicated a high level of C. parvum prevalence in calves, geese and water samples. gp60 analysis illustrated that higher genotypic diversity was present in the goose population compared with calves, but did not yield sequence results for any of the water samples. It can be concluded that the high levels of C. parvum evident in calves, geese and water samples tested represents a significant risk to water quality and public health.

scholarly journals Assessing Potable Water Quality and Identifying Areas of Waterborne Diarrheal and Fluorosis Health Risks Using Spatial Interpolation in Peshawar, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ahmad ◽  
Arshad Jamal ◽  
Xiao-Wei Tang ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Sughaiyer ◽  
Hassan M. Al-Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Potable Water Quality

Waterborne diseases have become one of the major public health concerns worldwide. This study is aimed to investigate and develop spatial distribution mapping of the potable water quality parameters in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 108 water samples collected across the entire study area were subjected to physio-chemical and biological analyses. Tested parameters included pH, turbidity, temperature, fluoride concentration levels, and bacterial counts (faecal coliforms). Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation in geographic information systems (GIS) was used for spatial analysis. Test results revealed that 48% of water samples had faecal coliforms count (per 100 mL) greater than World Health Organization (WHO) minimum limits, while 31% of samples had fluoride concentrations in excess of the WHO maximum guide values. Spatial distribution mapping was developed for faecal coliforms count and fluoride ion concentration using ArcGIS to highlight the high-risk settlements in the study area. Results showed that around 20% area under faecal coliforms and approximately 33% area based on fluoride concentrations fall under the need for treatment category. The pH and turbidity were found in compliance with WHO desirable limits. The sanitary inspection score significantly depicted that ineffective multi-barrier approaches consequently deteriorated the water quality at the consumer’s end. Findings from the present study shall be useful to policymakers for adopting necessary remedial measures before it severely affects public health.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIKHABITATDANSEBARAN JENIS IKAN DI SUNGAIKAPUAS BAGIAN TENGAHDANHILIR

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Susilo Adjie ◽  
Agus Djoko Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
American Public Health Association ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Health Association ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

Sungai Kapuas memiliki keanekaragaman jenis ikan yang tinggi dilaporkan mencapai sekitar 200 spesies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat serta sebaran jenis ikan di Sungai Kapuas bagian tengah dan hilir. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April, Juli, September, dan Nopember 2006. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kualitas air (suhu, kecerahan, daya hantar listrik, pH, CO2, oksigen terlarut, alkalinitas, BOD, PPO 4, N-NO3, N-NO2, COD, N-NH3, dan salinitas), habitat perairan, serta sebaran jenis ikan. Contoh air diambil dari sembilan stasiun pengamatan yaitu di bagian tengah Tengkidap, Pengembung, Pemerak, Bukit Tekenang, dan Sambar Indah dan di bagian hilir Muara Jungkat, Sungai Raya, Muara Sungai Tayan, dan Semitau, contoh air dianalisis menggunakan American Public Health Association (1986). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik kualitas air bagian tengah dan hilir relatif sama dan karakteristik habitat Sungai Kapuas bagian tengah merupakan daerah rawa banjiran (flood plain) yang banyak terdapat hutan rawa danmerupakan kawasan konservasi dari Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum. Karakteristik habitat Sungai Kapuas bagian hilir dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut dan merupakan kawasan industri. Jenis ikan yang dijumpai di sepanjang stasiun pengamatan terdapatsekitar 123 jenis, penyebarannya terkonsentrasi di sungai bagian tengah ± 120 jenis yang didominansi oleh ikan Cyprinidae dan Sungai Kapuas bagian hilir ±85 jenis yang didominansi oleh ikan dukang (Arius stomi) dan janggut(Polynemus longipectoralis). Kapuas River has a high diversity of fish species reported to reach about 200 species. This study aimed to characterize the habitat and distribution of fish species in the Kapuas River middle and downstream sections. The study was conducted in April, July, September, and November 2006. The parameters observed included water quality (temperature, brightness, electrical conductivity, pH, CO2, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, BOD, P-PO4, NNO3, N-NO2, COD, NH3-N, and salinity), and aquatic habitats distribution of fish species. Water samples taken from nine observation stations are in the middle Tengkidap, Pengembung, Pemerak, Bukit Tekenang, and Sambar Indah and in the downstream Muara Jungkat, Sungai Raya, Muara Sungai Tayan, and Semitau, water samples were analyzed using the American Public Health Association (1986). The results showed that characteristics of water quality downstream of the middle and relatively similar, habitat characteristics of the Kapuas River and the middle is a swamp area flood plain that there are still a lot of swamp forest and is a conservation area of the Park Lake Sentarum. Characteristics of the Kapuas River downstream habitats are influenced by tides and is an industrial area. Types of fish that are found along the observation stations are about 123 species, its distribution is concentrated at the center of the ± 120 River dominated by fish species cyprinidae and Kapuas River downstream of ± 85 species dominated by fish dukang (Arius stomi) and janggut (Polynemus longipectoralis).

scholarly journals Determination of Microbiological Pollution Level of Lake Van and Lake Erçek Situated within the Borders of Van Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Aydın ◽  
Mehmet Parlak ◽  
Hüseyin Güdücüoğlu ◽  
Yasemin Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
Quality Regulation ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Microbiological Pollution ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Objective: Lake Van is one of the most important recreation areas of the region. Investigation of microbiological pollution of Lake Van is very important for public health. The aim of this study is to assess the microbiological pollution and determine water quality of the lakes Van and Erçek situated within Van Province, which are used for swimming and recreation to protect both human and environmental health. For this purpose, the presence of fecal coliform, total coliform and enterococci were investigated in samples taken from 29 different points of the lakes. Method: Between June and September 2015, 232 water samples were taken from predefined 29 points, every two weeks, and sent to the Public Health Laboratory of Van Province in 300-500 mL sterile plastic bottles in accordance with Bathing Water Quality Regulation (76/160 / EU: add-on clause 5. Membrane filtration method was used to analyze the samples for coliform bacilli and enterococci. Mandatory values according to bathing water quality regulation were taken as 2000 cfu/100 ml,10000 cfu/100 ml and 1000 cfu/100 ml for fecal coliform, total coliform and enterococcus, respectively. Results: In 196 (84%) of 232 water samples collected, no bacterial contamination was found, while 36 (16%) samples were found contaminated with fecal coliform, total coliform and Enterococcus species. At least one or more specimens of poor quality water were detected in 17 of 29 sampled beaches. Conclusion: It was envisaged to take precautions by restricting the use of the places where microbiological pollution was detected. In addition, regular analyzes are important for public health.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sasar and Firiza Rivers Water Quality on Specific Toxic Pollutants Regime ( metals)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana MARE ROȘCA ◽  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Zorica VOSGAN ◽  
Monica MARIAN ◽  
Anca DUMUTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Baia Mare ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

The Sasar River basin covers an area of 311 sq.km and it is situated in NW Romania. The investigated area is included, mainly, in the industrial area of the city of Baia Mare, an ar ea with ancient traditions related to the exploitation of non-ferrous ores. Therefore, the mining exploitation activities have created pressing conditions on the environmental and public health of the analyzed area.The dynamic indicators of water quality on specific toxic pollutants  ( metals )  for the period 19982007 were analyzed in three sections located upstream and downstream from the industrial centers of Baia Sprie and Baia Mare.The analyses of the dynamics of heavy metals in the waters of the Sasar River have found that, the main issues are high Pb and Cu indicators for the upstream section of Baia Sprie; as for the section downstream of Baia Mare, the Zn, Cd and Mn indicators are found in such concentrations that their values determine a high level of toxicity for the monitoring section.There is a clear reduction trend in specific toxic pollutants for the upstream section of Baia Sprie. Special problems continue to be reported for zinc, cadmium, manganese and lead, for the sections downstream of Baia Mare and upstream from the confluence of the Sasar and Firiza Rivers.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment for domestic purposes in Mpherembe, northwest of Mzimba district, Rural Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastano Nambiro Woleson Dzimbiri ◽  
Jonathan Levy ◽  
Emmanuel Chilanga ◽  
Chifundo Mtenga ◽  
Oluwaseun Olubodun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Household Water Treatment

Abstract Access to potable water is a public health problem in Malawi. Knowledge of water quality can significantly reduce waterborne diseases amongst users. The present study examines the groundwater quality for domestic use in Mpherembe, northwest of Mzimba district rural Malawi. Ten (10) water samples were collected from various sources and subsequently tested for physio-chemical and microbiological parameters using standard methods. The results obtained were compared against the Malawi Bureau of Standards (MS 733:2005) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The microbiological examination of water samples revealed the presence of E. coli bacteria (range 62-136cfu/100m), and high levels of turbidity (range 5.58–46.8 NTU) in wells. However, Magnesium hardness and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were recorded high in boreholes compared to wells. The presence of faecal matter and high mineral concentration in domestic water is a health risk when consumed prior to treatment. To ensure public health safety, interventions that focus on household water treatment such as chlorination are recommended in this study area.

scholarly journals Distribution and Public Health Significance of Vibrio Pathogens Recovered from Selected Treated Effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Ayodeji C. Osunla ◽  
Oluwatayo E. Abioye ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Sampling Regime ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Vibrio Pathogens ◽  
Receiving Water

Treated sewage harbours pathogenic microbes, such as enteric bacteria and protozoa, are capable of causing several diseases. Some of these are emerging pathogens sometimes recovered in the absence of common water quality indicator organisms. The possibility of selected treatments plants serving as momentary reservoirs of Vibrio pathogens during a non-outbreak period was assessed. The occurrence and diversity of Vibrio pathogens were monitored for one year (December 2016 to November 2017) in the treated effluents and upstream and downstream areas of the receiving water bodies of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), designated AL and TS. Physicochemical parameters of TS and AL WWTPs’ water samples were analysed using a multi-parameter meter (Hanna, model HI 9828, Padova, Italy) and a turbidimeter (HACH, model 2100P, Johannesburg, South Africa). Water samples were augmented with alkaline peptone water and cultured on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar at 37 °C for 24 h. The recovered probable pathogens were confirmed via PCR amplification, using primers specific for Vibrio species of public health significance. The distribution of Vibrio species positively and significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with turbidity (r = 0.630), temperature (r = 0.615), dissolved oxygen (r = 0.615), pH (r = 0.607), biological oxygen demand (r = 0.573), total dissolved solid (r = 0.543), total suspended solid (r = 0.511), electrical conductivity (r = 0.499), residual chlorine (r = 0.463) and salinity (r = 0.459). The densities of Vibrio species were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in effluents from both AL and TS WWTPs than upstream and downstream of the receiving rivers across the sampling regime. Furthermore, the maximum Vibrio species density across the sampling regime were observed during the warmer Summer and Spring season. Moreover, six medically important Vibrio species were detected in the water samples, indicating that the methods employed were efficient in revealing that WWTPs are potential reservoirs of Vibrio pathogens, which could pose a substantial public health risk if the receiving water is used for domestic purposes. Our findings further strengthen existing calls for the inclusion of emerging bacterial pathogens, including Vibrio species, as water quality indicators by the South African Department of Water Affairs. Hence, we recommend regular monitoring of treated effluents and receiving water bodies to ensure early control of potential outbreaks of vibriosis and cholera.

Developmental Disorders in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Palmeter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Project Objectives ◽  
Disability Severity ◽  
Occupational Function ◽  
Improve Health

In the completion of my practicum at the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) this summer, I worked to develop a surveillance knowledge product to support the national surveillance of developmental disorders. This project used Statistics Canada’s 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability to investigate the burden of developmental disorders in Canada. Developmental disorders are conditions with onset in the developmental period. They are associated with developmental deficits and impairments of personal, social, academic, and occupational function. The project objectives are to estimate the prevalence of developmental disorders in Canadians 15 years of age or older, overall and by age and sex, as well as report on the age of diagnosis, disability severity, and disability co-occurrence in those with developmental disorders. The majority of the analysis has been completed and preliminary results completed, which cannot be released prior to PHAC publication. Although not highly prevalent, developmental disorders are associated with a high level of disability in young Canadians. Early detection and interventions have been shown to improve health and social outcomes among affected individuals. Understanding the burden of developmental disorders in Canada is essential to the development of public health policies and services.

Investigation of Some Water Quality Parameters of Pond Water under Mymensingh Municipality

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
F Zannat ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
MA Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

A study was conducted to evaluate the water quality parameters of pond water at Mymensingh Urban region. The water samples were collected from 30 ponds located at Mymensingh Urban Region during August to October 2010. The chemical analyses of water samples included pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, S, Mn and As were done by standard methods. The chemical properties in pond water were found pH 6.68 to 7.14, EC 227 to 700 ?Scm-1, Na 15.57 to 36.00 ppm, K 3.83 to 16.16 ppm, Ca 2.01 to 7.29 ppm, S 1.61 to 4.67 ppm, Mn 0.33 to 0.684 ppm and As 0.0011 to 0.0059 ppm. The pH values of water samples revealed that water samples were acidic to slightly alkaline in nature. The EC value revealed that water samples were medium salinity except one sample and also good for irrigation. According to drinking water standard Mn toxicity was detected in pond water. Considering Na, Ca and S ions pond water was safe for irrigation and aquaculture. In case of K ion, all the samples were suitable for irrigation but unsuitable for aquaculture.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 85-89 2015

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