scholarly journals Effect of Different Laser Wavelengths on Periodontopathogens in Peri-Implantitis: A Review of In Vivo Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Świder ◽  
Marzena Dominiak ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak ◽  
Jacek Matys
Keyword(s):  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Dental Lasers ◽  
Power Diode

Nowadays, many studies are examining the effectiveness of dental lasers in the treatment of peri-implantitis; however, most of them only report periodontal parameter changes. The authors of this review tried to address the question: “What is the effect of different laser wavelengths on oral bacteria that cause peri-implantitis?” An electronic search of PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed. The following search terms were used: (peri-implantitis OR periimplantitis) OR/AND (microbial OR microbiologic) AND (laser OR Er:YAG OR erbium OR diode OR Nd:YAG OR neodymium-doped OR Er,Cr:YSGG OR chromium-doped). Initially, 212 studies were identified. After screening the titles and abstracts and excluding studies according to predefined inclusion criteria, seven publications were included in the review. Three studies about the effect of aPDT (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) reported a decrease in the different bacterial strains associated with peri-implantitis, e.g., A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. denticola, T. forsythia, F. nucleatum, and C. rectus. Two studies showed that the high-power diode laser may have some effect on peri-implant pathogens. Two articles about the Er:YAG laser reported a lowering in the count of oral pathogens; however, it was hard to determine if this was due to the use of the laser. aPDT has the ability to decrease the count of peri-implant pathogens, whereas Er:YAG laser application shows no significant effect on oral bacteria in the long term.

scholarly journals Aloe vera: An Ancient Herb for Modern Dentistry—A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbaz Sajjad ◽  
Samia Subhani Sajjad
Keyword(s):  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Dental Diseases

Objectives. To review composition, actions, and clinical applications of Aloe vera plant in dentistry and to establish its effectiveness as an invaluable adjunct in the treatment of dental diseases. Method. A manual and electronic literature (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar) search was performed up to July 2013 for in vitro and in vivo studies and research presenting clinical, microbiological, immunological, and patient-centered data to validate the efficacy of Aloe vera gel in dentistry. A total of 38 titles, abstracts, and full-text studies were selected and reviewed. Aloe vera has various medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor which accelerates wound healing and helps in treating various lesions in oral cavity. Benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. Conclusion. The pharmacological attributes of Aloe vera have been revalidated in modern sciences through various in vivo and in vitro studies. The herb has immense potential as a dental therapeutic. Even though Aloe vera is a promising herb with various clinical applications in medicine and dentistry, more clinical research needs to be undertaken especially to validate and explain the action of acemannan hydrogel in accelerating the healing of aphthous ulcers and to validate the efficacy of Aloe gel on plaque and gingivitis, so that it can be established in the field of dentistry.

Lysozyme-Protease-Inorganic Monovalent Anion Lysis of Oral Bacterial Strains in Buffers and Stimulated Whole Saliva

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Pollock ◽  
S. Lotardo ◽  
R. Gavai ◽  
B.L. Grossbard
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Monovalent Anion ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Protease Treatment

Similar to Streptococcus mutans, buffer suspensions of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Fusobacterium nucleatum all undergo cell lysis when treated with the lysozyme-protease-inorganic monovalent anion antibacterial system. For Lactobacillus species treated with lysozyme and proteases at pHs of 4 and 5.3, lysis resulted when a lytic activating concentration of bicarbonate anion followed enzyme treatment. Furthermore, synergistic lysis of these bacteria was noted when lysozyme-protease treatment was followed by bicarbonate anion used in combination with chloride or fluoride anions. Noteworthy, the halides were not active in promoting lysis when used by themselves in the absence of bicarbonate. For F. nucleatum suspended at pH 6.9, lysis was dependent upon the ionic strength of the buffer and resulted when lysozyme-protease treatment of the organism was followed by 100 mmol/L bicarbonate activation. When lysozyme and proteases were omitted from the incubation mixtures and replaced by stimulated whole saliva, pH 5.3, lysis was observed only with L. plantarum and S. mutans, but not with L. casei. The latter could be lysed, however, if suspended in saliva which was diluted several-fold with distilled water. In experiments where lysozyme was selectively depleted from whole saliva by immunoadsorption affinity chromatography, the great majority of the lysis capability of the saliva for L. plantarum was lost, although a significant degree of lysis appeared to be due to salivary factors other than lysozyme. F. nucleatum was also found to lyse in saliva at neutral pH, suggesting that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral bacteria may be susceptible to this antibacterial system in vivo.

scholarly journals External application of Ruyi Jinhuang powder for phlebitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-667
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Chunyan Yang ◽  
Yongqiong Deng ◽  
Qunhua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
External Application ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Central Register

Purpose: To systematically review the effectiveness of the external application, Ruyi Jinhuang powder, on phlebitis Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), Cochrane Central Register, Chongqing Vip, Wanfang Data and SinoMed using the search terms “Ruyi Jinhuang San”, “Ruyi Jinhuang powder”, “Ruyi Jinhuang cream”, “Agreeable golden powder”, “satisfactory golden powder”, “Jinhuang cream”, “phlebitis”, “prevention and (or) treatment”, “randomized controlled trials” and “RCRs”. Two researchers independently arranged and analyzed the data. Results: Significant differences were observed in the total effectiveness rate of Ruyi Jinhuang powder [relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19 to 1.36, and p < 0.0001). Ruyi Jinhuang powder can reduce the incidence of phlebitis versus conventional therapy in preventing phlebitis (RR = 0.32, 95 % CI 0.24 to 0.42, and p < 0.0001). Shorten the average healing time [mean difference (MD) =- 32.17, 95 % CI= -48.39 to -15.94, and p = 0.0001). Reduced pain relief time for phlebitis (MD = -3.29, 95% CI -5.42 to -1.16, and p = 0.002). However, no statistical difference was observed with regard to the onset time of phlebitis (MD = -0.62, 95 % CI -1.76 to 0.52, and p = 0.29). Conclusion: Clinicians consider Ruyi Jinhuang powder a viable complementary and alternative medicine for phlebitis following the stronger evidence being offered.

scholarly journals Should syndesmotic screws be removed or retained? A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjin Qin ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Nanning Lv ◽  
Kaiwen Chen ◽  
Huilin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
American Orthopaedic

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the different clinical outcomes after removing or retaining syndesmotic screws, and the difference in clinical outcomes after retaining broken or loose syndesmotic screws was also evaluated. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In this meta-analysis, we conducted online searches using the search terms “syndesmotic diastasis”, “syndesmotic injury”, “syndesmotic screw”, “syndesmotic fixation”, and “tibiofibular syndesmosis”. The analysis was performed on individual patient data from all the studies that met the selection criteria. Clinical outcomes were expressed as standard mean differences for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi 2 test and the I 2 statistic. Results There were 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 observational articles included in this analysis. In the comparison between retained and removed screws and the comparison between broken or loose and removed screws, no significant difference was found in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score. Broken or loose screws were associated with better AOFAS scores compared with removed or intact screws, and no significant difference was found in terms of VAS and OMAS scores. Conclusions According to our analysis, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between removed and retained screws. Broken or loose screws were not associated with bad functional outcomes and may even lead to better function compared with removed or retained screws.

scholarly journals Application of nanoparticles in oral hygiene

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Many of more than 700 bacterial species inhabiting the oral cavity are opportunistic pathogens causing systemic infections in addition to dental and periodontal diseases. This renders oral hygiene a much serious issue, which is further exacerbated with the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria. The role of nanoparticles based materials especially metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as an effective and alternative/supplementary antimicrobial agent is now well established. These nanoparticles could be a healthier, innocuous and effective alternative for controlling both the dental biofilms and oral planktonic bacterial population with lesser side effects or antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles against a number of oral pathogens has already been demonstrated. When added to artificial dental materials and implants these nanoparticles improve the desirable physico-chemical properties of the materials in addition to improving their antimicrobial activity. Besides a few studies, biochemical processes underlying the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against both planktonic cells and oral biofilms is not understood. Through our literature survey it is envisaged that ZnO nanoparticles and TiO2 nanoparticles are the most suitable nanoantibiotic for the development of dental pastes, mouthwashes, and other oral hygiene materials. However in vivo studies on nanotoxicity of these nanoparticles are missing and need a careful and balanced evaluation before successful clinical translations.

scholarly journals Inhaled Nitric Oxide for postexposure chemoprophylaxis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine AbdelMassih ◽  
Rafeef Hozaien ◽  
Meryam El Shershaby ◽  
Aya Kamel ◽  
Habiba-Allah Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Inhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Antiviral Role

Abstract Background: Postexposure prophylaxis has been an overlooked strategy in the context of COVID-19. Inhaled Nitric Oxide offers itself as a potential tool in this context. The aim of this systematic review was to depict previous in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrating an antiviral role for NO Methodology:Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register were used to search for specific keywords such as “Nitric oxide” AND “Antiviral activity” for relevant publications up to 1st of June 2021. The systematic review was performed using PRISMA protocolResults:Twenty-one studies were identified depicting an antiviral role for Nitric Oxide. Those studies involved sixteen viruses. Only four of the depicted studies were clinical trials, while three were performed on a murine model. The remainder of the studies involved in vitro experimentation of the role of NO in halting viral replication of several viruses including SARS-CoV-2Conclusion: While early reports of NO role in the treatment of COVID-19 suggested its use for the treatment of established ARDS, NO seems to have a much earlier and more efficient prophylactic role. It inhibits a protease needed for canonical viral replication of SARS-CoV-2, namely Furin, by decreasing calcium's cytosolic levels. This might add a significant tool for postexposure chemoprophylaxis in the at-risk group, especially medical personnel.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Respirator Literature and a Survey among Dental Professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Farronato ◽  
Elisa Boccalari ◽  
Ettore Del Rosso ◽  
Valentina Lanteri ◽  
Riaan Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Dental Professionals

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus was discovered in China in late 2019 and subsequently triggered a global pandemic. Dentists, like many other health professionals, are at an increased risk of contracting the virus as they work in close proximity to patients, especially when performing aerosol-generating procedures. Thus, in order for dentists to protect themselves and their patients, it is recommended that practitioners wear filtering facepiece 2 (FFP2) respirators. The prolonged use of these FFP2 respirators has been linked to several side effects. The aim of this paper is to assess the perceived experience associated with N95/FFP2 respirators based on the available literature and data collected through an online survey completed by Italian dental professionals. Articles were included up to May 2020 and literature searches were conducted through The National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases. The search terms included COVID-19, respirators, masks, and discomfort. An online survey was administered to 256 Italian dentists. The results from this survey were in agreement with the available literature. The findings concurred that the prolonged use of respirators was associated with headaches (47.5%), severe exertion and discomfort (50.8%), moderate concentration problems (54.3%), moderate breathing difficulties (63.5%), and consequently, an impaired work ability (85.5%). These findings were not influenced by the number of hours spent wearing the respirator. Despite several side effects, FFP2 respirators are fundamental in protecting dentists and their importance was acknowledged.

Systematic Bibliographic Database Searching for Literature Reviews: Case Study on Child Protection Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravit Alfandari ◽  
Brian J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Science Citation Index ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Cumulative Knowledge

Abstract Skills of the ‘information age’ need to be applied to social work. Conceptual and practical aspects of using online bibliographic databases to identify research were explored using multi-professional decision-making in child protection as a case study. Five databases (Social Science Citation Index, Scopus, Medline, Social Work Abstracts and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for relevant studies, retrieving 6,934 records of which fifty-eight studies were identified as relevant. The usefulness of specific search terms and the process of learning from the terminology of previous searches are illustrated, as well as the value of software to manage retrieved studies. Scopus had the highest sensitivity (retrieving the highest number of relevant articles) and retrieved the most articles not retrieved by any other database (exclusiveness). All databases had low precision on this topic, despite extensive efforts in selecting search terms. Cumulative knowledge about search strategies and empirical comparison of database utility helps to increase the efficiency of systematic literature searching. Such endeavours encourage and support professionals to use the best available evidence to inform practice and policy.

Bacterial suppression of basal pod rot and end rot of dry peas caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
E. G. Kokko ◽  
L. J. Yanke ◽  
R. C. Phillippe
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate that the two bacterial strains used in this study belong to Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland. Tests in vitro revealed that strains of B. cereus differ in their antagonistic activities on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Vegetative growth and ascospore germination of S. sclerotiorum were inhibited by diffusible metabolites induced by B. cereus strain alf-87A, but were unaffected by strain B43. In vivo studies showed that the antagonistic strain alf-87A, when sprayed onto pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) at the pod development stage, reduced the incidence of basal pod rot from infection by airborne ascospores of S. sclerotiorum by 39–55%. This treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the severity of basal pod rot by decreasing lesion size. Strain alf-87A significantly reduced the incidence of end pod rot. Spraying pea plants with strain B43 of B. cereus was not consistently effective in reducing basal and end pod rots. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that both strains of B. cereus could colonize senescing pea stamens but only the antagonistic strain alf-87A was consistently effective in controlling sclerotinia basal and end pod rots of dry peas.Key words: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Bacillus cereus, basal pod rot, end pod rot, stamens, ascospores, apothecia.

scholarly journals Characterization of four virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophages, and evaluation of their potential use in complex phage preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Zurabov ◽  
Evgeniy Zhilenkov
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phage Preparation ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
The Many

Abstract Background Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of deaths per year are caused by antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections and the prognosis for future years is much worse, as evidenced by modern research. Bacteria of the Klebsiella genus are one of the main pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. Among the many antimicrobials offered to replace or supplement traditional antibiotics, bacteriophages are promising candidates. Methods This article presents microbiological, physicochemical and genomic characterization of 4 virulent bacteriophages belonging to Siphoviridae, Myoviridae and Podoviridae families. Phages were studied by electron microscopy; their host range, lytic activity, adsorption rate, burst size, latent period, frequency of phage-resistant forms generation, lysis dynamics and sensitivity of phage particles to temperature and pH were identified; genomes of all 4 bacteriophages were studied by restriction digestion and complete genome sequence. Results Studied phages showed wide host range and high stability at different temperature and pH values. In contrast with single phages, a cocktail of bacteriophages lysed all studied bacterial strains, moreover, no cases of the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial colonies were detected. Genomic data proved that isolated viruses do not carry antibiotic resistance, virulence or lysogenic genes. Three out of four bacteriophages encode polysaccharide depolymerases, which are involved in the degradation of biofilms and capsules. Conclusions The bacteriophages studied in this work are promising for further in vivo studies and might be used in phage therapy as part of a complex therapeutic and prophylactic phage preparation. The conducted studies showed that the complex preparation is more effective than individual phages. The use of the complex phage cocktail allows to extend the lytic spectrum, and significantly reduces the possibility of phage-resistant forms generation.

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