scholarly journals Probiotics and Colon Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Drago
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
The Relationship

Literature has recently highlighted the enormous scientific interest on the relationship between the gut microbiota and colon cancer, and how the use of some selected probiotics can have a future impact on the adverse events which occur during this disease. Although there is no clear evidence to claim that probiotics are effective in people with cancer, recent reviews have found that probiotics can significantly reduce the incidence of diarrhea and the average frequency of daily bowel movements. However, most of this evidence needs to be more clinically convincing and further discussed. Undoubtedly, some probiotics, when properly dosed and administered, can have a strong rebalance effect on the gut microbiota and as a consequence a possible positive action on immune modulation of the gastrointestinal tract and on inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Many recent findings indeed support the hypothesis that the daily use of some selected probiotics can be a feasible approach to effectively protect patients against the risk of some severe consequences due to radiation therapy or chemotherapy. This paper aims to review the most recent articles in order to consider a possible adjuvant approach for the use of certain well-balanced probiotics to help prevent colon cancer and the adverse effects caused by related therapies.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Cancerous Toxin Pathogenesis Theory Basing on Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tianqing Sang ◽  
Wenli Qiu ◽  
Wenting Li ◽  
Hongli Zhou ◽  
Haibin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Herbal Compound ◽  
Chinese Herbal Compound ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota is a diverse consortium of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in the gut of all mammals. Gut microbiota remains in steady state under normal conditions. Changes in the internal and external environment may cause gut Microbiota to be out of tune. Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases currently endangering human health. CRC (colorectal cancer) has a significant upward trend in morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Technological advances have not yet brought about a breakthrough in the efficacy of CRC. The development of colon cancer is closely related to gut microbiota imbalance. According to more than 60 years of clinical practice, Professor Zhongying Zhou first proposed the pathogenesis theory of “cancerous toxin” in the 1990s and believed that cancerous toxin was a key pathogenesis of tumor development. Under the guidance of the theory of cancerous toxin, combined with clinical practice, Professor Zhou created an effective anticancer Chinese herbal compound, Jiedu Xiaoai Prescription. This paper summarizes recent hotspots related to gut microbiota and the occurrence, development, and prevention of colon cancer at home and abroad. The relationship between gut microbiota and cancerous toxin theory is proposed, and the feasibility of further studying the biological basis of cancerous toxin pathogenesis theory from the perspective of gut microbiota is pointed out.

scholarly journals Associations of clinical features of functional bowel disorders with gut microbiota characteristics in adolescents: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6-2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
A. I. Romanitsa ◽  
U. M. Nemchenko ◽  
A. V. Pogodina ◽  
E. V. Grigorova ◽  
N. L. Belkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Functional Bowel Disorders ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Bowel Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Background. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is one of the important public health problems in the 21st century. Functional bowel disorders in obese children and adolescents are one of the most common pathologies of the digestive tract. The aim: to characterize the bacteriological composition of the colon microbiota in obese adolescents and identify its associations with the clinical manifestations of functional bowel disorders.Materials and methods. The study included 20 adolescents aged 11–17 years. Stool consistency was assessed using the Bristol Stool Scale. The study of biological material was carried out using standard bacteriological methods. To assess the strength of the relationship between the nominal variables, Cramer’s V test was used.Results. It has been shown that in adolescents with obesity and functional bowel disorders, there is a decrease in the number of representatives of bifidoflora, an increase in the microbial density of Escherichia coli with altered enzymatic properties and an excessive growth of potentially pathogenic enterobacteria. In obese adolescents with functional bowel disorders, abdominal pain associated with the act of defecation is associated with the presence of enterobacteria and E. coli with altered enzymatic properties. Rare bowel movements are associated with an increased abundance of Enterococcus spp. and the presence of opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms. Frequent bowel movements are associated with the presence of E. coli with altered enzymatic properties and Clostridium spp. In the presence of loose stool, Clostridium spp. is present; unstable stool (alternation of hard and liquid stools in one patient) is associated with a decrease in the number of lactobacilli and E. coli with normal enzymatic properties, the appearance of E. coli with altered enzymatic properties, opportunistic microorganisms of Enterobacteriaceae family and Clostridium spp. Conclusion. The relationship between the clinical symptoms of functional bowel disorders and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in obese adolescents may be a justification for conducting in-depth studies aimed at finding early predictors of functional bowel diseases associated with obesity in the adult cohort.

Protagonist of Immuno-Profiling, Immuno-Scoring, and Immunotherapy Towards Colitis-Associated Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Mohamed Adil ◽  
Anandraj K. Vaithy.k ◽  
Ashok Kumar Pandurangan ◽  
Mohammad Waseem ◽  
Neesar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Chronic inflammation in the large intestinal epithelial to rectum is a major risk for malignancies. The pathogenesis of colitis associated cancer is distinct with perilous molecular mechanism. The inflammation leads to damage of cells resulting in symptomatic conditions including cancer. This suggest the relationship between certain cancer due to its associated factors such as environment, genetics, and chronic inflammation leading to cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has also been acknowledged as bowel, rectal, or colon cancer. The most common types of adenocarcinomas are associated with colorectal cancer. The lymphomas, carcinoids, sarcoma, and gastrointestinal tumors are also associated with CRC. Most disorders with chronic inflammation and exposure of immunosuppressant have an increased risk with the development of cancer leading towards the treatment of cancer by various therapies like radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, further into immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. The prognosis of CRC has always been controversial.

A Review and Roadmap of the Skin, Lung, and Gut Microbiota in Systemic Sclerosis

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Teaw ◽  
Monique Hinchcliff ◽  
Michelle Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Environmental Trigger ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract As our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of systemic sclerosis (SSc) increases, questions regarding the environmental trigger(s) that induce and propagate SSc in the genetically predisposed individual emerge. The interplay between the environment, the immune system, and the microbial species that inhabit the patient’s skin and gastrointestinal tract is a pathobiological frontier that is largely unexplored in SSc. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the methodologies, experimental study results, and future roadmap for elucidating the relationship between the SSc host and his/her microbiome.

scholarly journals Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5450
Author(s):  
Sajeen Bahadur Amatya ◽  
Sonja Salmi ◽  
Veera Kainulainen ◽  
Peeter Karihtala ◽  
Justus Reunanen
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Almost All

Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Opportunities in Colorectal Cancer: Focus on Melatonin Antioncogenic Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hucong Wu ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Yi Yin ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Pengpeng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Almost All

Colorectal cancer (CRC) influences individual health worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Melatonin, which shows multiple physiological functions (e.g., circadian rhythm, immune modulation, and antioncogenic action), can be present in almost all organisms and found in various tissues including gastrointestinal tract. Notably, melatonin disruption is closely associated with the elevation of CRC incidence, indicating that melatonin is effective in suppressing CRC development and progression. Mechanistically, melatonin favors in activating apoptosis and colon cancer immunity, while reducing proliferation, autophagy, metastasis, and angiogenesis, thereby exerting its anticarcinogenic effects. This review highlights that melatonin can be an adjuvant therapy and be beneficial in treating patients suffering from CRC.

scholarly journals Drug–Microbiota Interaction in Colon Cancer Therapy: Impact of Antibiotics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamed ◽  
Harry Menon ◽  
Marina Chulkina ◽  
Nelson S. Yee ◽  
Irina V. Pinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Colon adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies, and it is highly lethal. Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of colon cancer at various stages of the disease. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key player in colon cancer development and progression, and it can also alter the therapeutic agent’s efficacy and toxicities. Antibiotics can directly and/or indirectly affect the balance of the gut microbiome and, therefore, the clinical outcomes. In this article, we provided an overview of the composition of the gut microbiome under homeostasis and the mechanistic links between gut microbiota and colon cancer. The relationship between the use of oral antibiotics and colon cancer, as well as the impact of the gut microbiome on the efficacy and toxicities of chemotherapy in colon cancer, are discussed. Potential interventions to modulate microbiota and improve chemotherapy outcomes are discussed. Further studies are indicated to address these key gaps in the field and provide a scientific basis for the design of novel microbiota-based approaches for prevention/use as adjuvant therapeutics for patients with colon cancer.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic relationship of oral microbiota and obesity in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Samoilova ◽  
O. A. Oleynik ◽  
D. A. Kudlay ◽  
E. V. Sagan ◽  
N. S. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The review summarizes the data of foreign studies on the relationship of the taxonomic diversity of the oral microbiota and changes in its composition with the development of the metabolic syndrome in children with obesity. This information is of scientific interest from the point of view of the search for new targets and possible ways of conservative treatment in order to prevent and treat obesity through maintaining the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Biointerfacial self-assembly generates lipid membrane coated bacteria for enhanced oral delivery and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenping Cao ◽  
Xinyue Wang ◽  
Yan Pang ◽  
Shanshan Cheng ◽  
Jinyao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

AbstractThe gut microbiota represents a huge community of microorganisms that play essential roles in immune modulation and homeostasis maintenance. Microbiota transplantation is an important approach to prevent and treat disease as it can inhibit pathogen colonization and positively modulate bacterial composition. However, the development of oral bacterial therapeutics has been restricted by low bioavailability and limited retention in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we report a simple yet highly efficient method to coat gut microbes via biointerfacial supramolecular self-assembly. Coating can be performed within 15 min by simply vortexing with biocompatible lipids. Bacteria coated with an extra self-assembled lipid membrane exhibit significantly improved survival against environmental assaults and almost unchanged viability and bioactivity. We demonstrate their enhanced efficacies in oral delivery and treatment using two murine models of colitis. We suggest that biointerfacial supramolecular self-assembly may provide a unique platform to generate advanced bacterial therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases.

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