scholarly journals A Mechanically-Adaptive Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Intracortical Probe and Package for Chronic Neural Recording

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Hess-Dunning ◽  
Dustin Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
Causes Of Failure

Mechanical, materials, and biological causes of intracortical probe failure have hampered their utility in basic science and clinical applications. By anticipating causes of failure, we can design a system that will prevent the known causes of failure. The neural probe design was centered around a bio-inspired, mechanically-softening polymer nanocomposite. The polymer nanocomposite was functionalized with recording microelectrodes using a microfabrication process designed for chemical and thermal process compatibility. A custom package based upon a ribbon cable, printed circuit board, and a 3D-printed housing was designed to enable connection to external electronics. Probes were implanted into the primary motor cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 weeks, during which regular recording and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement sessions took place. The implanted mechanically-softening probes had stable electrochemical impedance spectra across the 16 weeks and single units were recorded out to 16 weeks. The demonstration of chronic neural recording with the mechanically-softening probe suggests that probe architecture, custom package, and general design strategy are appropriate for long-term studies in rodents.

scholarly journals Label-Free Electrochemical Detection of S. mutans Exploiting Commercially Fabricated Printed Circuit Board Sensing Electrodes

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorachand Dutta ◽  
Abdoulie A. Jallow ◽  
Debjani Paul ◽  
Despina Moschou
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Printed Circuit

This paper reports for the first time printed-circuit-board (PCB)-based label-free electrochemical detection of bacteria. The demonstrated immunosensor was implemented on a PCB sensing platform which was designed and fabricated in a standard PCB manufacturing facility. Bacteria were directly captured on the PCB sensing surface using a specific, pre-immobilized antibody. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were recorded and used to extract the charge transfer resistance (Rct) value for the different bacteria concentrations under investigation. As a proof-of-concept, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacteria were quantified in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer, achieving a limit of detection of 103 CFU/mL. Therefore, the proposed biosensor is an attractive candidate for the development of a simple and robust point-of-care diagnostic platform for bacteria identification, exhibiting good sensitivity, high selectivity, and excellent reproducibility.

Nanomonitor Technology for Glycosylation Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chatterjee ◽  
Manish Bothara ◽  
Srivatsa Aithal ◽  
Vinay J Nagraj ◽  
Peter Wiktor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Alumina Membrane

AbstractChanges in protein glycosylation have great potential as markers for the early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The current analytical tools for the analysis of glycan structures need expensive instrumentation, advanced expertise, is time consuming and therefore not practical for routine screening of glycan biomarkers from human samples in a clinical setting.We are developing a novel ultrasensitive diagnostic platform called ‘NanoMonitor’ to enable rapid label-free glycosylation analysis. The technology is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy where capacitance changes are measured at the electrical double layer interface as a result of interaction of two molecules.The NanoMonitor platform consists of a printed circuit board with array of electrodes forming multiple sensor spots. Each sensor spot is overlaid with a nanoporous alumina membrane that forms a high density of nanowells. Lectins, proteins that bind to and recognize specific glycan structures, are conjugated to the surface of nanowells. When specific glycoproteins from a test sample bind to lectins in the nanowells, it produces a perturbation to the electrical double layer at the solid/liquid interface at the base of each nanowell. This perturbation results in a change in the impedance of the double layer which is dominated by the capacitance changes within the electrical double layer.The nanoscale confinement or crowding of biological macromolecules within the nanowells is likely to enhance signals from the interaction of glycoproteins with the lectins leading to a high sensitivity of detection with the NanoMonitor as compared to other electrochemical techniques.Using a panel of lectins, we were able to detect subtle changes in the glycosylation of fetuin protein as well as differentiate glycoproteins from normal versus cancerous cells. Our results indicate that NanoMonitor can be used as a cost-effective miniature electronic biosensor for the detection of glycan biomarkers.

A differential probe design for large-range metal detector

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qiu Xu ◽  
Xianze Xu ◽  
Zhongbing Li ◽  
Yi Le
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Error ◽  
Receiving Coil ◽  
Metallic Object

Purpose – The metal detector used as a wall scanner has become a kind of popular household instrument. It is important to possess the characteristics, including low-cost, reliability, easy repeatability and simple procedure in this device. The purpose of this paper is to found a model of differential probe applied to metal detector. Design/methodology/approach – The new model consists of an emitting coil and a differential receiving coil. The emitting coil uses winding inductance to produce a magnetic field and the receiving coil senses the change of magnetic flux. All turns of the receiving coil are designed in the same plane, so it can be fabricated with signal printed circuit board. The balance of differential probe is promised by the constraint relation of the parameters, including the radius and the turns of the receiving coil and the emitting coil. A novel fine adjustment has been proposed to offset the design error that can make the model more ideal. Findings – The differential probe can be produced easily and need not to be calibrated. In the design, the amplifier and the filter circuit is used for the output signal processing and the harmonic analysis based on Fourier transform is used to analyze the voltage signal in order to detect and distinguish the metallic object. The differential probe in the prototype, which area is π×352 (mm2), can detect the cylindrical metallic object including iron, and aluminum which thickness is 2 mm and radius is 30 mm in the distance of 120 mm. Originality/value – The model of differential probe proposed in the paper is feasible and effective to apply in the hand-held metal detector.

scholarly journals Detection of transient disturbing signals on PC boards

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Korte ◽  
O. Döring ◽  
H. Garbe
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Device Operation ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract. This paper shows a possibility to visualize signal propagation in electronic circuits. Instead of using various galvanic measurement points all over the circuit, a test method is shown which measures the radiated field of the printed circuit board. By use of a 2-dimensional positionable field probe it is possible to get an overview over the signals running on the different parts of the PCB. In order to measure transient disturbing signals and distinguish them from normal device operation, problems of probe design and triggering need to be discussed.

Silicon-Based Multichannel Probe Integrated with a Front End Low Power Neural Recording IC for Acute Neural Recording

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Ming Yuan Cheng ◽  
Kwan Ling Tan ◽  
Wei Guo Chen ◽  
Rui Qi Lim ◽  
Maria Ramona B. Damalerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Neural Signal ◽  
Front End ◽  
Silicon Based

This work presents a silicon-based multichannel probe integrated with a front end low power neural recording integrated circuit (IC) which is used in acute neural recording application. The low power neural recording IC contains 100-channel analog recording front-ends, 10 multiplexing successive approximation register ADCs, digital control modules and power management circuits. The 100-channel neural recording IC consumes 1.16-mW, making it the optimum solution for multi-channel neural recording systems. The neural recording IC and Si probe are integrated in a printed circuit board (PCB) which is fixed on the skull using dental resin. Digital neural signal is converted to analog signal and output by neural recording IC. The signal-to-noise ratio of neural recording signal can be increased through the reduction of interconnect length. The buckling strength of the fabricated probes was simulated using finite element analysis and measured by compression tester. The packaging method of 2D probe and neural recording IC was successfully demonstrated. The impedance of the assembled probe is also measured and discussed. To verify the functionality of Si probe integrated with neural recording IC, a pseudo neural signal acquisitions have been perform.

scholarly journals Rapid Inkjet-Printed Miniaturized Interdigitated Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing of Nitrite and Taste Stimuli

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Sohan Dudala ◽  
Sangam Srikanth ◽  
Satish Kumar Dubey ◽  
Arshad Javed ◽  
Sanket Goel
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Interdigitated Electrodes ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Direct Laser

This paper reports on single step and rapid fabrication of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) using an inkjet printing-based approach. A commercial inkjet-printed circuit board (PCB) printer was used to fabricate the IDEs on a glass substrate. The inkjet printer was optimized for printing IDEs on a glass substrate using a carbon ink with a specified viscosity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz was employed for chemical sensing applications using an electrochemical workstation. The IDE sensors demonstrated good nitrite quantification abilities, detecting a low concentration of 1 ppm. Taste simulating chemicals were used to experimentally analyze the ability of the developed sensor to detect and quantify tastes as perceived by humans. The performance of the inkjet-printed IDE sensor was compared with that of the IDEs fabricated using maskless direct laser writing (DLW)-based photolithography. The DLW–photolithography-based fabrication approach produces IDE sensors with excellent geometric tolerances and better sensing performance. However, inkjet printing provides IDE sensors at a fraction of the cost and time. The inkjet printing-based IDE sensor, fabricated in under 2 min and costing less than USD 0.3, can be adapted as a suitable IDE sensor with rapid and scalable fabrication process capabilities.

Characteristics of Radiated Emission from a Printed Circuit Board with a Slit

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Nakayama ◽  
Kenichi Kagoshima ◽  
Shigeki Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Radiated Emission

Confirming the Signal Integrity in Transmission of Digital Signals on Microstrip Straight Circuits via the Eye Diagrams

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-741
Author(s):  
Alejandro Dueñas Jiménez ◽  
Francisco Jiménez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulation ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Printed Circuit

Because of the high volume of processing, transmission, and information storage, electronic systems presently requires faster clock speeds tosynchronizethe integrated circuits. Presently the “speeds” on the connections of a printed circuit board (PCB) are in the order of the GHz. At these frequencies the behavior of the interconnects are more like that of a transmission line, and hence distortion, delay, and phase shift- effects caused by phenomena like cross talk, ringing and over shot are present and may be undesirable for the performance of a circuit or system.Some of these phrases were extracted from the chapter eight of book “2-D Electromagnetic Simulation of Passive Microstrip Circuits” from the corresponding author of this paper.

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