scholarly journals Development of the Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using a Metal-to-Metal Imprinting Process for Improved Electrical Output

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonwoo La ◽  
Jun Choi ◽  
Jeong-Young Choi ◽  
Taek Hwang ◽  
Jeongjin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽  
Electrical Induction ◽  
Advantageous Effect ◽  
Electrical Output

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), which utilize contact electrification of two different material surfaces accompanied by electrical induction has been proposed and is considered as a promising energy harvester. Researchers have attempted to form desired structures on TENG surfaces and successfully demonstrated the advantageous effect of surface topography on its electrical output performance. In this study, we first propose the structured Al (SA)-assisted TENG (SA-TENG), where one of the contact layers of the TENG is composed of a structured metal surface formed by a metal-to-metal (M2M) imprinting process. The fabricated SA-TENG generates more than 200 V of open-circuit voltage and 60 µA of short-circuit current through a simple finger tapping motion. Given that the utilization of the M2M imprinting process allows for the rapid, versatile and easily accessible structuring of various metal surfaces, which can be directly used as a contact layer of the TENG to substantially enhance its electrical output performance, the present study may considerably broaden the applicability of the TENG in terms of its fabrication standpoint.

scholarly journals Omni-directional wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator with cross-shaped dielectric film

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseop Shin ◽  
Sungjun Cho ◽  
Sejin Han ◽  
Gun Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Dielectric Film ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
External Power ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are actively being researched and developed to become a new external power unit for various electronics and applications. Wind is proposed as a mechanical energy source to flutter the dielectric film in wind-driven TENGs as it is clean, abundant, ubiquitous, and sustainable. Herein, we propose a TENG structure with dielectric films bent in four directions to collect the wind energy supply from all directions, unlike the conventional wind-driven TENGs which can only harvest the wind energy from one direction. Aluminum (Al) layer was intercalated within the dielectric film to improve electrostatic induction, resulting in improved triboelectric performances. Maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 233 V, short-circuit current (Isc) of 348 µA, and output power density of 46.1 W m− 2 at an external load of 1 MΩ under a wind speed of 9 m s− 1 were revealed, and it faithfully lit “LED” characters composed of 25 LEDs.

scholarly journals A Highly Efficient and Durable Kirigami Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Rotational Energy Harvesting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Dae Sol Kong ◽  
Jae Yeon Han ◽  
Young Joon Ko ◽  
Sang Hyeok Park ◽  
Minbaek Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

While sliding-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (S-TENGs) have been considered as one of the most promising devices for rotational energy harvesting, their inherently poor durability has been a serious bottleneck for applications. Herein, we report a three-dimensional kirigami TENG as a highly efficient and durable rotational energy harvesting device. The kirigami TENG consisted of cube-shaped paper, aluminum (Al) foil electrode and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer film, and converted rotational motion into multiple folding-unfolding vibrations. The rotation-folding (R-F) kirigami TENG generated an open-circuit voltage of 31 V, a short-circuit current of 0.67 μA and an instantaneous power (power density) of 1.2 μW (0.13 μW/cm2) at 200 rpm, which was sufficient to turn on 25 light-emitting diodes and a thermo-hygrometer. The triboelectric outputs of the R-F kirigami TENG were only slightly decreased even after 288,000 continuous rotations, i.e., the output remained at 86% of its initial value. This work demonstrates that an R-F kirigami TENG could be a plausible candidate to efficiently harvest various forms of rotational energy with a long-term durability.

Fluttering Amplitude Amplification by Utilizing Flapping Moment in Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Ka Chung Chan ◽  
Sau Chung Fu ◽  
Christopher Yu Hang Chao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract Flutter-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (FTENG) is one of the most promising methods to harvest small-scale wind energy. Wind causes self-fluttering motion of a flag in the FTENG to generate electricity by contact electrification. A lot of studies have been conducted to enhance the energy output by increasing the surface charge density of the flag, but only a few researches tried to increase the converting efficiency by enlarging the flapping motion. In this study, we show that by simply replacing the rigid flagpole in the FTENG with a flexible flagpole, the energy conversion efficiency is augmented and the energy output is enhanced. It is found that when the flag flutters, the flagpole also undergoes aerodynamic force. The lift force generated from the fluttering flag applies a periodic rotational moment on the flagpole, and causes the flagpole to vibrate. The vibration of the flagpole, in turn amplifies the flutter of the flag. Both the fluttering dynamics of the flags with rigid and flexible flagpoles have been recorded by a high-speed camera. When the flag was held by a flexible flagpole, the fluttering amplitude and the contact area between the flag and electrode plates were increased. The energy enhancement increased as the flow velocity increased and the enhancement can be 113 times when the wind velocity is 10 m/s. The thickness of the flagpole was investigated. An optimal output of open-circuit voltage reaching 1128 V (peak-to-peak value) or 312.40 V (RMS value), and short-circuit current reaching 127.67 μA (peak-to-peak value) or 31.99 μA (RMS value) at 12.21 m/s flow velocity was achieved. This research presents a simple design to enhance the output performance of an FTENG by amplifying the fluttering amplitude. Based on the performance obtained in this study, the improved FTENG has the potential to apply in a smart city for driving electronic devices as a power source for IoT applications.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of the Electrical Output Characteristics of c-Si Solar Cells by Cut and Shading Phenomena

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Lim ◽  
Woo Shin ◽  
Hyemi Hwang ◽  
Young-Chul Ju ◽  
Suk Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Si Solar Cell ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Output

Cut solar cells have received considerable attention recently as they can reduce electrical output degradation when the c-Si solar cells (crystalline-silicon solar cells) are shaded. Cut c-Si solar cells have a lower short-circuit current than normal solar cells and the decrease in short-circuit currents is similar to the shading effect of c-Si solar cells. However, the results of this study’s experiment show that the shadow effect of a c-Si solar cell reduces the V o c (open circuit voltage) in the c-Si solar cell but the V o c does not change when the c-Si solar cell is cut because the amount of incident light does not change. In this paper, the limitations of the electrical power analysis of the cut solar cells were identified when only photo current was considered and the analysis of the electric output of the cut c-Si solar cells was interpreted with a method different from that used in previous analyses. Electrical output was measured when the shaded and cut rates of c-Si solar cells were increased from 0% to 25, 50 and 75%, and a new theoretical model was compared with the experimental results using MATLAB.

scholarly journals Facile Tailoring of Contact Layer Characteristics of the Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Portable Imprinting Device

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Cho ◽  
Sunmin Jang ◽  
Moonwoo La ◽  
Yeongcheol Yun ◽  
Taekyung Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Contact Electrification ◽  
One Step ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Electrical Output

Renewable energy harvesting technologies have been actively studied in recent years for replacing rapidly depleting energies, such as coal and oil energy. Among these technologies, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is operated by contact-electrification, is attracting close attention due to its high accessibility, light weight, high shape adaptability, and broad applications. The characteristics of the contact layer, where contact electrification phenomenon occurs, should be tailored to enhance the electrical output performance of TENG. In this study, a portable imprinting device is developed to fabricate TENG in one step by easily tailoring the characteristics of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) contact layer, such as thickness and morphology of the surface structure. These characteristics are critical to determine the electrical output performance. All parts of the proposed device are 3D printed with high-strength polylactic acid. Thus, it has lightweight and easy customizable characteristics, which make the designed system portable. Furthermore, the finger tapping-driven TENG of tailored PDMS contact layer with microstructures is fabricated and easily generates 350 V of output voltage and 30 μA of output current with a simple finger tapping motion-related biomechanical energy.

scholarly journals Spiral Steel Wire Based Fiber-Shaped Stretchable and Tailorable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wearable Power Source and Active Gesture Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjie Xie ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Zhen Wen ◽  
Yanqin Yang ◽  
Jihong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Device ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Wearable Electronic Device

Abstract Continuous deforming always leads to the performance degradation of a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator due to the Young’s modulus mismatch of different functional layers. In this work, we fabricated a fiber-shaped stretchable and tailorable triboelectric nanogenerator (FST–TENG) based on the geometric construction of a steel wire as electrode and ingenious selection of silicone rubber as triboelectric layer. Owing to the great robustness and continuous conductivity, the FST–TENGs demonstrate high stability, stretchability, and even tailorability. For a single device with ~ 6 cm in length and ~ 3 mm in diameter, the open-circuit voltage of ~ 59.7 V, transferred charge of ~ 23.7 nC, short-circuit current of ~ 2.67 μA and average power of ~ 2.13 μW can be obtained at 2.5 Hz. By knitting several FST–TENGs to be a fabric or a bracelet, it enables to harvest human motion energy and then to drive a wearable electronic device. Finally, it can also be woven on dorsum of glove to monitor the movements of gesture, which can recognize every single finger, different bending angle, and numbers of bent finger by analyzing voltage signals.

scholarly journals Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor Based on Multilayer Suspension Structure and TPU-RTV Film for Vibration Monitoring

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2763
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Han ◽  
Qiyuan Zhang ◽  
Junbin Yu ◽  
Jinsha Song ◽  
Zhengyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Monitoring ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Suspension Structure

In this paper, we designed a triboelectric acceleration sensor with excellent multiple parameters. To more easily detect weak vibrations, the sensor was founded on a multilayer suspension structure. To effectively improve the electrical properties of the sensor, a surface roughening and internal doping friction film, which was refined with a room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) and some thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) powder in a certain proportion, was integrated into the structure. It was found that the optimization of the RTV film increases the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by 223% and 227%, respectively. When the external vibration acceleration is less than 4 m/s2, the sensitivity and linearity are 1.996 V/(m/s2) and 0.999, respectively. Additionally, when it is in the range between 4 m/s2 and 15 m/s2, those are 23.082 V/(m/s2) and 0.975, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor was placed in a simulated truck vibration environment, and its self-powered monitoring ability validated by experiments in real time. The results show that the designed sensor has strong practical value in the field of monitoring mechanical vibration acceleration.

scholarly journals Flexible Ag Microparticle/MXene-Based Film for Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Jia ◽  
Yamin Pan ◽  
Chunfeng Wang ◽  
Chuntai Liu ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractUltra-thin flexible films have attracted wide attention because of their excellent ductility and potential versatility. In particular, the energy-harvesting films (EHFs) have become a research hotspot because of the indispensability of power source in various devices. However, the design and fabrication of such films that can capture or transform different types of energy from environments for multiple usages remains a challenge. Herein, the multifunctional flexible EHFs with effective electro-/photo-thermal abilities are proposed by successive spraying Ag microparticles and MXene suspension between on waterborne polyurethane films, supplemented by a hot-pressing. The optimal coherent film exhibits a high electrical conductivity (1.17×104 S m−1), excellent Joule heating performance (121.3 °C) at 2 V, and outstanding photo-thermal performance (66.2 °C within 70 s under 100 mW cm−1). In addition, the EHFs-based single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) give short-circuit transferred charge of 38.9 nC, open circuit voltage of 114.7 V, and short circuit current of 0.82 μA. More interestingly, the output voltage of TENG can be further increased via constructing the double triboelectrification layers. The comprehensive ability for harvesting various energies of the EHFs promises their potential to satisfy the corresponding requirements.

On the Effects of Electrical Conductivity on the Triboelectric Behavior of a PDMS-Based Composite Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Zhao ◽  
Jai Dhanani ◽  
Zoubeida Ounaies ◽  
Ola Rashwan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems

Abstract With the increasing demand for small and portable electronic devices, new energy conversion systems that can harvest energy from body motion and ambient environment are needed. Triboelectricity has recently become promising among the various energy conversion mechanisms because triboelectric devices can be small, flexible, and portable. The triboelectric output performance is closely related to the materials ‘properties employed. In this study, the effect of electrical conductivity on the electrical output of a triboelectric device is investigated experimentally. Experiments are conducted using a vertical contact/separation mode with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based material as one of the contacting materials. The electrical conductivity of PDMS is tuned by adding two different weight percent of multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT): 10wt% CNT and 20wt% CNT. The relationship between electrical conductivity and the triboelectric output performance is obtained by correlating the open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) with the different weight percent CNT-PDMS materials. A maximum Voc of 98V and a maximum Isc of 3.2μA were obtained with the 20wt% CNT-PDMS and Teflon pair; this increase is likely due to the combination of enhanced triboelectric polarity difference and electrical conductivity. The optimum external resistance was also measured for the different CNT-PDMS weight percent materials. The maximum triboelectric output power reached 180μW at 80MΩ for the 20wt% CNT-PDMS and Teflon pair.

scholarly journals Effects of Annealing on Characteristics of Cu2ZnSnSe4/CH3NH3PbI3/ZnS/IZO Nanostructures for Enhanced Photovoltaic Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chzu-Chiang Tseng ◽  
Gwomei Wu ◽  
Liann-Be Chang ◽  
Ming-Jer Jeng ◽  
Wu-Shiung Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Contact Layer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cells

This paper presents new photovoltaic solar cells with Cu2ZnSnSe4/CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3)/ZnS/IZO/Ag nanostructures on bi-layer Mo/FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) glasssubstrates. The hole-transporting layer, active absorber layer, electron-transporting layer, transparent-conductive oxide layer, and top electrode-metal contact layer, were made of Cu2ZnSnSe4, MAPbI3 perovskite, zincsulfide, indium-doped zinc oxide, and silver, respectively. The active absorber MAPbI3 perovskite film was deposited on Cu2ZnSnSe4 hole-transporting layer that has been annealed at different temperatures. TheseCu2ZnSnSe4 filmsexhibitedthe morphology with increased crystal grain sizesand reduced pinholes, following the increased annealing temperature. When the perovskitefilm thickness was designed at 700 nm, the Cu2ZnSnSe4 hole-transporting layer was 160 nm, and the IZO (indium-zinc oxide) at 100 nm, and annealed at 650 °C, the experimental results showed significant improvements in the solar cell characteristics. The open-circuit voltage was increased to 1.1 V, the short-circuit current was improved to 20.8 mA/cm2, and the device fill factor was elevated to 76.3%. In addition, the device power-conversion efficiency has been improved to 17.4%. The output power Pmax was as good as 1.74 mW and the device series-resistance was 17.1 Ω.

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