scholarly journals The Development of Design and Manufacture Techniques for Bioresorbable Coronary Artery Stents

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Li Jiao ◽  
Shuoshuo Pang ◽  
Pei Yan ◽  
Xibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Biodegradable Stents ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading killer of humans worldwide. Bioresorbable polymeric stents have attracted a great deal of interest because they can treat CAD without producing long-term complications. Bioresorbable polymeric stents (BMSs) have undergone a sustainable revolution in terms of material processing, mechanical performance, biodegradability and manufacture techniques. Biodegradable polymers and copolymers have been widely studied as potential material candidates for bioresorbable stents. It is a great challenge to find a reasonable balance between the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of bioresorbable polymeric stents. Surface modification and drug-coating methods are generally used to improve biocompatibility and drug loading performance, which are decisive factors for the safety and efficacy of bioresorbable stents. Traditional stent manufacture techniques include etching, micro-electro discharge machining, electroforming, die-casting and laser cutting. The rapid development of 3D printing has brought continuous innovation and the wide application of biodegradable materials, which provides a novel technique for the additive manufacture of bioresorbable stents. This review aims to describe the problems regarding and the achievements of biodegradable stents from their birth to the present and discuss potential difficulties and challenges in the future.

CABG conduits and graft configuration

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
David Glineur
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Artery Disease

Coronary artery bypass surgery remains the gold standard in the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease. Success of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is dependent on the patency of the conduits used. Many conduits have been used in the practice of surgical revascularization with inherent advantages and limitation. Since the late 1960s, CABG using saphenous vein conduits has been championed as the solution to coronary artery disease. However, it was soon evident that CABG provides only palliation to an ongoing process that is further complicated by the rapid development of vein graft atherosclerosis. The various conduits used are discussed in detail in the following account including the anatomy, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes, in addition to technical aspects of graft configuration.

scholarly journals Understanding the predictive value and methods of risk assessment based on coronary computed tomographic angiography in populations with coronary artery disease: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-ming Li ◽  
Kai-yu Jia ◽  
Yu-heng Jia ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Yi-jun Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Tomographic Angiography

Abstract Risk assessment in coronary artery disease (CAD) plays an essential role in the early identification of high-risk patients. However, conventional invasive imaging procedures all require long intraprocedural times and high costs. The rapid development of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and related image processing technology has facilitated the formulation of noninvasive approaches to be performing comprehensive evaluations. Evidence has shown that CCTA has an outstanding performance in identifying the degree of stenosis, plaque features and functional reserve. Moreover, advancements in radiomics and machine learning allow more comprehensive interpretations of CCTA images. This paper reviews conventional as well as novel diagnostic and risk assessment tools based on CCTA.

Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2283-2299
Author(s):  
Apabrita Ayan Das ◽  
Devasmita Chakravarty ◽  
Debmalya Bhunia ◽  
Surajit Ghosh ◽  
Prakash C. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

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