scholarly journals Electroplating and Ablative Laser Structuring of Elastomer Composites for Stretchable Multi-Layer and Multi-Material Electronic and Sensor Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Simon P. Stier ◽  
Holger Böse
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Board ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
Silicone Foam ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Laser Structuring ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Conductive Elastomers ◽  
Metal Layers

In this work we present the concept of electroplated conductive elastomers and ablative multi-layer and multi-material laser-assisted manufacturing to enable a largely automated, computer-aided manufacturing process of stretchable electronics and sensors. Therefore, the layers (conductive and non-conductive elastomers as well as metal layers for contacting) are first coated over the entire surface (doctor blade coating and electroplating) and then selectively removed with a CO2 or a fiber laser. These steps are repeated several times to achieve a multi-layer-structured design. Is it not only possible to adjust and improve the work previously carried out manually, but also completely new concepts such as fine through-plating between the layers to enable much more compact structures become possible. In addition, metallized areas allow the direct soldering of electronic components and thus a direct connection between conventional and stretchable electronics. As an exemplary application, we have used the process for manufacturing a thin and surface solderable pressure sensor with a silicone foam dielectric and a stretchable circuit board.

scholarly journals Universal synthesis of conductive liquid network in polymers enabling elastic printed circuit board technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiheong Kang ◽  
Wonbeom Lee ◽  
Hyunjun Kim ◽  
Inho Kang ◽  
Hongjun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Acoustic Field ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
System Level ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Conductive Liquid ◽  
Printed Circuit

Abstract Stretchable electronics are considered next-generation electronic devices in a broad range of emerging fields, including soft robotics1,2, biomedical devices3,4, human-machine interfaces5,6, and virtual or augmented reality devices7,8. A stretchable printed circuit board (S-PCB) is a basic conductive framework for the facile assembly of system-level stretchable electronics with various electronic components. Since an S-PCB is responsible for electrical communications between numerous electronic components, the conductive lines in S-PCB should strictly satisfy the following features: (i) metallic conductivity, (ii) constant electrical resistance during dynamic stretching, and (iii) tough interface bonding with various components9. Despite recent significant advances in intrinsically stretchable conductors10,11,12, they cannot simultaneously satisfy the above stringent requirements. Here, we present a new concept of conductive liquid network-based elastic conductors. These conductors are based on unprecedented liquid metal particles assembled network (LMPNet) and an elastomer. The unique assembled network structure and reconfigurable nature of the LMPNet conductor enabled high conductivity, high stretchability, tough adhesion, and imperceptible resistance changes under large strains, which enabled the first elastic-PCB (E-PCB) technology. We synthesized LMPNet through an acoustic field-driven cavitation event in the solid state. When an acoustic field is applied, liquid metal nanoparticles (LMPnano) are remarkably generated from original LMPs and assemble into a highly conductive particle network (LMPNet). Finally, we demonstrated a multi-layered E-PCB, in which various electronic components were integrated with tough adhesion to form a highly stretchable health monitoring system. Since our synthesis of LMPNet is universal, we could synthesize LMPNet in various polymers, including hydrogel, self-healing elastomer and photoresist and add new functions to LMPNet.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Lead-Free Solder Paste Printing via Laser-Induced Forward Transfer for the Assembly of Ultra-Fine Pitch Electronic Components

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3353
Author(s):  
Marina Makrygianni ◽  
Filimon Zacharatos ◽  
Kostas Andritsos ◽  
Ioannis Theodorakos ◽  
Dimitris Reppas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Forward Transfer

Current challenges in printed circuit board (PCB) assembly require high-resolution deposition of ultra-fine pitch components (<0.3 mm and <60 μm respectively), high throughput and compatibility with flexible substrates, which are poorly met by the conventional deposition techniques (e.g., stencil printing). Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) constitutes an excellent alternative for assembly of electronic components: it is fully compatible with lead-free soldering materials and offers high-resolution printing of solder paste bumps (<60 μm) and throughput (up to 10,000 pads/s). In this work, the laser-process conditions which allow control over the transfer of solder paste bumps and arrays, with form factors in line with the features of fine pitch PCBs, are investigated. The study of solder paste as a function of donor/receiver gap confirmed that controllable printing of bumps containing many microparticles is feasible for a gap < 100 μm from a donor layer thickness set at 100 and 150 μm. The transfer of solder bumps with resolution < 100 μm and solder micropatterns on different substrates, including PCB and silver pads, have been achieved. Finally, the successful operation of a LED interconnected to a pin connector bonded to a laser-printed solder micro-pattern was demonstrated.

Superhydrophobic Coatings on Electronic Components

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 000113-000116
Author(s):  
Andrew Jones ◽  
Vinod Sikka
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Electrical Circuits ◽  
Electrical Device ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coatings ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Device Applications

Superhydrophobic coatings provide exceptional protection to electrical circuits, switches, and other electrical devices which operate in wet environments, such as food processing plants or outdoor applications. Among various electrical device applications, electric motors and electrical switches have been successfully tested in the field at two food processors for nearly 20 months with exceptionally good results. Coated microelectronic circuit board has been in operation without any incidence for over 1 year.

Materials for Stretchable Electronics Compliant with Printed Circuit Board Fabrication

2012 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Matthias Adler ◽  
Ruth Bieringer ◽  
Thomas Schauber ◽  
Jürgen Günther
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Printed Circuit

scholarly journals Conductive elastomer composites for fully polymeric, flexible bioelectronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1372-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Cuttaz ◽  
Josef Goding ◽  
Catalina Vallejo-Giraldo ◽  
Ulises Aregueta-Robles ◽  
Nigel Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Conductive Elastomers

Soft, flexible and stretchable conductive elastomers made of polyurethane and PEDOT:PSS blends were fabricated into fully polymeric implantable bioelectrode arrays.

scholarly journals Solidified Liquid Metal with Regulated Plasticity for Channel-Free Construction of 3D Structured Flexible Electronics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Mingyang Zhang ◽  
Sanhu Liu ◽  
Man Yuan ◽  
Junjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Integrated Electronics ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Led Array ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract Gallium alloy based liquid metals (LMs) have shown great promise for soft and stretchable electronics in virtue of intrinsic fluidity and metallic conductivity. However, it has been a challenge by using LM to construct 3D structured circuits which are crucial for building flexible electronics with high integration. Hereby, taking advantage of the solid-liquid phase transition and plastic deformation of a Ga-10In LM alloy, we propose a novel strategy to fabricate LM based flexible electronic devices, in particular comprised of 3D circuits, without the need to pre-fabricate microchannels. We demonstrate applications including 3D interconnect arches for the integration of a multi-channel LED array, a 3D structured wearable sensor and a multilayer flexible circuit board for monitoring of finger movement. The current work provides a facile strategy for constructing LM based flexible electronics, which is of particular interest for building highly integrated electronics of hierarchical structure involving complicated 3D circuits.

Reliability and Application Scenarios of Stretchable Electronics Realized Using Printed Circuit Board Technologies

2012 ◽  
pp. 207-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vanfleteren ◽  
Frederick Bossuyt ◽  
Thomas Löher ◽  
Yung-Yu Hsu ◽  
Mario Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Printed Circuit

scholarly journals Temperature analysis of driver and optical behavior of LED lamps

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Roberto Santos ◽  
Maurício Vicente Tavares ◽  
Antonio Celso Duarte ◽  
Hélio Akira Furuya
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Power Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Flashing Light ◽  
Optical Behavior

This exploratory study was carried out with the objective to know the optical behavior of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps used and the temperature reached by electronic components that compose the driver (electronic circuit situated inside the body LED lamp) responsible to convert electrical alternating current from power line to direct current to operate the LED devices. Then, two different experiments were carried out with LED lamps. In the first experiment, 131 LED lamps used were chosen randomly and bought from household appliances store (bargain market product) presenting different nominal powers, 8, 10, 12 and 15 watts. All LED lamps were polarized at the power line at 127 V and revealed different optical behaviors, such as: not turn-on; flashing light (as strobe effect); flashing light (as strobe effect) with high intensity (more intense than normal); flashing light (as strobe effect) with low intensity (less intense than normal); fast turnon and turn-off only; and turn-on with low intensity of light (less intense than normal). The hypothesis for these behaviors can be attributed by three different behaviors: in lamps not turn-on, this failure can be attributed for dark spots that are created on the surface of LED device. In these lamps, all LED devices are electrically connected in serial. When a LED is inoperative, the electrical current is interrupted for all LED devices; damage to the electronic components caused by internal high temperature confined inside the lamp body during the operation causing electrical oscillations, as observed from different behaviors from flashing light, flashing light with high intensity, flashing light with low intensity and fast turn-on and turn-off only; swelling of the electrolytic capacitors causing low energy storage and varying the electrical current flow, the electrical current for other electronic components altered the normal optical behavior of the LED lamps. In the second experiment, the temperatures of electronic components located in driver were obtained out of body lamp revealing: from 33 (lowest temperature attributed to inductor) to 52.5ºC (highest temperature attributed to electrolytic capacitor). These temperature values represent the ideal or normal condition of operation for electronic components, but, when they are operating inside the lamp body, the found temperature values increased considerably. This characteristic can be better evidenced by strong color change (caused by accumulative temperature during the elapsed days used) on the printed circuit board used in the driver.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastic Textile/Polymer Composites for Stretchable Electronics at Quasi-Static or Cyclic Mechanical Loads

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dils ◽  
Werft ◽  
Walter ◽  
Zwanzig ◽  
von Krshiwoblozki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Mechanical Loads

In the last decade, interest in stretchable electronic systems that can be bent or shaped three-dimensionally has increased. The application of these systems is that they differentiate between two states and derive there from the requirements for the materials used: once formed, but static or permanently flexible. For this purpose, new materials that exceed the limited mechanical properties of thin metal layers as the typical printed circuit board conductor materials have recently gained the interest of research. In this work, novel electrically conductive textiles were used as conductor materials for stretchable circuit boards. Three different fabrics (woven, knitted and nonwoven) made of silver-plated polyamide fibers were investigated for their mechanical and electrical behavior under quasi-static and cyclic mechanical loads with simultaneous monitoring of the electrical resistance. Thereto, the electrically conductive textiles were embedded into a thermoplastic polyurethane dielectric matrix and structured by laser cutting into stretchable conductors. Based on the characterization of the mechanical and electrical material behavior, a life expectancy was derived. The results are compared with previously investigated stretchable circuit boards based on thermoplastic elastomer and meander-shaped conductor tracks made of copper foils. The microstructural changes in the material caused by the applied mechanical loads were analyzed and are discussed in detail to provide a deep understanding of failure mechanisms.

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