scholarly journals Micromotor Manipulation Using Ultrasonic Active Traveling Waves

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Hiep Xuan Cao ◽  
Daewon Jung ◽  
Han-Sol Lee ◽  
Gwangjun Go ◽  
Minghui Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Acoustic Streaming ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Ultrasonic Manipulation

The ability to manipulate therapeutic agents in fluids is of interest to improve the efficiency of targeted drug delivery. Ultrasonic manipulation has great potential in the field of therapeutic applications as it can trap and manipulate micro-scale objects. Recently, several methods of ultrasonic manipulation have been studied through standing wave, traveling wave, and acoustic streaming. Among them, the traveling wave based ultrasonic manipulation is showing more advantage for in vivo environments. In this paper, we present a novel ultrasonic transducer (UT) array with a hemispherical arrangement that generates active traveling waves with phase modulation to manipulate a micromotor in water. The feasibility of the method could be demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo experiments conducted using a UT array with 16 transducers operating at 1 MHz. The phase of each transducer was controlled independently for generating a twin trap and manipulation of a micromotor in 3D space. This study shows that the ultrasonic manipulation device using active traveling waves is a versatile tool that can be used for precise manipulation of a micromotor inserted in a human body and targeted for drug delivery.

scholarly journals Polymer-Based Smart Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Application and Demonstration of Stimuli-Responsiveness

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Louise Van Gheluwe ◽  
Igor Chourpa ◽  
Coline Gaigne ◽  
Emilie Munnier
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

Progress in recent years in the field of stimuli-responsive polymers, whose properties change depending on the intensity of a signal, permitted an increase in smart drug delivery systems (SDDS). SDDS have attracted the attention of the scientific community because they can help meet two current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry: targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine. Controlled release of the active ingredient can be achieved through various stimuli, among which are temperature, pH, redox potential or even enzymes. SDDS, hitherto explored mainly in oncology, are now developed in the fields of dermatology and cosmetics. They are mostly hydrogels or nanosystems, and the most-used stimuli are pH and temperature. This review offers an overview of polymer-based SDDS developed to trigger the release of active ingredients intended to treat skin conditions or pathologies. The methods used to attest to stimuli-responsiveness in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of Piperine-Loaded Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Optimization, In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo, and In-Vivo Evaluation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2920
Author(s):  
Ameeduzzafar Zafar ◽  
Syed Sarim Imam ◽  
Nabil K. Alruwaili ◽  
Omar Awad Alsaidan ◽  
Mohammed H. Elkomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Globule Size

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that needs long-term medication. Oral delivery is the most common route for the administration of drugs. The present research is to develop piperine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (PE-SNEDDS) using glyceryl monolinoleate (GML), poloxamer 188, and transcutol HP as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The formulation was optimized by three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. PE-SNEDDs were characterized for globule size, emulsification time, stability, in-vitro release, and ex-vivo intestinal permeation study. The optimized PE-SNEDDS (OF3) showed the globule size of 70.34 ± 3.27 nm, percentage transmittance of 99.02 ± 2.02%, and emulsification time of 53 ± 2 s Finally, the formulation OF3 was transformed into solid PE-SNEDDS (S-PE-SNEDDS) using avicel PH-101 as adsorbent. The reconstituted SOF3 showed a globule size of 73.56 ± 3.54 nm, PDI of 0.35 ± 0.03, and zeta potential of −28.12 ± 2.54 mV. SEM image exhibited the PE-SNEDDS completely adsorbed on avicel. Thermal analysis showed the drug was solubilized in oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. S-PE-SNEDDS formulation showed a more significant (p < 0.05) release (97.87 ± 4.89% in 1 h) than pure PE (27.87 ± 2.65% in 1 h). It also exhibited better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and antioxidant activity as compared to PE dispersion. The in vivo activity in rats exhibited better (p < 0.05) antihypertensive activity as well as 4.92-fold higher relative bioavailability than pure PE dispersion. Finally, from the results it can be concluded that S-PE-SNEDDS might be a better approach for the oral delivery to improve the absorption and therapeutic activity.

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) Containing Rice Bran Oil for Enhanced Fenofibrate Oral Delivery: In Vitro Digestion, Ex Vivo Permeability, and In Vivo Bioavailability Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Karavasili ◽  
Ioannis I. Andreadis ◽  
Maria P. Tsantarliotou ◽  
Ioannis A. Taitzoglou ◽  
Paschalina Chatzopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterization of Interpolymeric Blend/Nanoenabled Gastroretentive Levodopa Delivery Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndidi C. Ngwuluka ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara ◽  
Girish Modi ◽  
Lisa C. du Toit ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Gastric Residence Time ◽  
Systemic Bioavailability ◽  
Absorption Window

One approach for delivery of narrow absorption window drugs is to formulate gastroretentive drug delivery systems. This study was undertaken to provide insight into in vivo performances of two gastroretentive systems (PXLNETand IPB matrices) in comparison to Madopar® HBS capsules. The pig model was used to assess gastric residence time and pharmacokinetic parameters using blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine samples. Histopathology and cytotoxicity testing were also undertaken. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that levodopa was liberated from the drug delivery systems, absorbed, widely distributed, metabolized, and excreted.Cmaxwere 372.37, 257.02, and 461.28 ng/mL and MRT were 15.36, 14.98, and 13.30 for Madopar HBS capsules,PXLNET, and IPB, respectively. In addition, X-ray imaging indicated that the gastroretentive systems have the potential to reside in the stomach for 7 hours. There was strong in vitro-in vivo correlation for all formulations withr2values of 0.906, 0.935, and 0.945 for Madopar HBS capsules,PXLNET, and IPB, respectively. Consequently,PXLNETand IPB matrices have pertinent potential as gastroretentive systems for narrow absorption window drugs (e.g., L-dopa) and, in this application specifically, enhanced the central nervous system and/or systemic bioavailability of such drugs.

A novel polymer-coated nanoparticle (NP) for urothelium penetration and drug delivery.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15543-e15543
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Hoimes ◽  
Darryl T Martin ◽  
Hristos K Kaimakliotis ◽  
Christopher J Cheng ◽  
William Kevin Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Human Ureter

e15543 Background: Up to 40% of patients with non-invasive bladder cancer (BC) will develop invasive disease progression despite locally-directed therapy. Overcoming the urothelial barrier is a challenge for intravesical drug delivery. We designed a biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NP coated with a novel cell penetrating polymer, poly (guanidinium oxanorbornene) (PGON) for testing against BC in vitro and in vivo. We chose to deliver the HDAC inhibitor belinostat (bel) for its BC cell cytotoxicity and inhibition of invasion & migration pathways; key mechanisms that enable progression of BC. Methods: Fluorophore (C6) or bel was encapsulated in PLGA using an oil/water nanoemulsion method, and surface coated with PGON, and then characterized for morphology, size, and loading. BC cell lines UM-UC-3 and T24 were treated with belinostat or NP-bel-PGON vs controls for assessment of cytotoxicity and acetyl-H4 histone expression over time. In vivo murine bladder and ex vivo human ureter were treated with NP-C6-PGON, and compared to NPs coated with chitosan or PEG for urothelial penetration using FACS analysis, tissue extraction, and fluorescence microscopy. UM-UC-3 murine flank xenografts were treated locally biweekly with NP-bel-PGON or controls and assessed for tumor size and acetyl-H4 expression. Results: C6 extraction of intravesically treated mouse bladder and ex-vivo human ureter showed uptake improved ten-fold in NP-C6-PGON compared to other NPs and corroborated by fluorescent microscopy. In vitro, NP-bel-PGON and bel had similar IC50 of ~2.0 μM in UM-UC-3 & T24 lines, and no effect from PGON. Significantly, the NP-bel-PGON treated groups retained 30% of max H4 hyperacetylation whereas bel groups declined to basal at 12hr post wash, which supports a mechanism of intracellular NP release and activity. In vivo, xenografts treated with NP-bel-PGON showed tumor volume reduced 70% and had 2.5 fold higher intratumoral acetyl-H4 expression compared to vehicle three days post final treatment. Conclusions: NP-bel-PGON penetrates the urothelium, is taken up by BC cells, sustains HDAC inhibition, and causes tumor regression. These data demonstrate the potential for NP-bel-PGON as an intravesical nanotherapy of BC.

Optimization of a novel in situ gel for sustained ocular drug delivery using Box-Behnken design: In vitro, ex vivo, in vivo and human studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 264-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan M. Ranch ◽  
Furqan A. Maulvi ◽  
Mausam J. Naik ◽  
Akshay R. Koli ◽  
Rajesh K. Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Box Behnken Design
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