scholarly journals Direct-Write Spray Coating of a Full-Duplex Antenna for E-Textile Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Saber Soltani ◽  
Braden M. Li ◽  
Yuhao Wu ◽  
Inhwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Uv Curable

Recent advancements in printing technologies have greatly improved the fabrication efficiency of flexible and wearable electronics. Electronic textiles (E-textiles) garner particular interest because of their innate and desirable properties (i.e., conformability, breathability, fabric hand), which make them the ideal platform for creating wireless body area networks (WBANs) for wearable healthcare applications. However, current WBANs are limited in use due to a lack of flexible antennas that can provide effective wireless communication and data transfer. In this work, we detail a novel fabrication process for flexible textile-based multifunctional antennas with enhanced dielectric properties. Our fabrication process relies on direct-write printing of a dielectric ink consisting of ultraviolet (UV)-curable acrylates and urethane as well as 4 wt.% 200 nm barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles to enhance the dielectric properties of the naturally porous textile architecture. By controlling the spray-coating process parameters of BT dielectric ink on knit fabrics, the dielectric constant is enhanced from 1.43 to 1.61, while preserving the flexibility and air permeability of the fabric. The novel combination textile substrate shows great flexibility, as only 2 N is required for a 30 mm deformation. The final textile antenna is multifunctional in the sense that it is capable of operating in a full-duplex mode while presenting a relatively high gain of 9.12 dB at 2.3 GHz and a bandwidth of 79 MHz (2.260–2.339 GHz) for each port. Our proposed manufacturing process shows the potential to simplify the assembly of traditionally complex E-textile systems.

3-D Antenna Structures Using Novel Direct-Write Additive Manufacturing Method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Taibur Rahman ◽  
Rahul Panat ◽  
Deuk Heo
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
New Class ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Thermal Sintering

Sub-mm wavelength 3-D antennas are emerging as critical elements for ultrafast data transfer for various applications. The inherent 2-D nature of lithographic processes severely limits the available manufacturing routes to fabricate such antennas. In this work, we demonstrate a novel additive manufacturing method to fabricate 3-D metal-dielectric antenna structures at sub-mm length scale. A UV curable dielectric is dispensed from an Aerosol Jet system and instantaneously cured to form complex 3-D shapes. A metal nano particle ink is then dispensed over the 3-D dielectric, also by the Aerosol Jet technique, followed by thermal sintering. This novel method opens up the possibility of fabricating an entirely new class of 3-D antenna structures at sub-mm length scales.

Design and Implementation of a Multi-Channel HDLC Protocol Controller Based on FPGA

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 6840-6845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Gu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Qiao Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Error Control ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
High Level

To transmit and receive data over any network successfully, a protocol is required to manage the flow. High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol is defined in Layer 2 of OSI model and is one of the most commonly used Layer 2 protocol. HDLC supports both full-duplex and half-duplex data transfer. In addition, it offers error control and flow control. Currently on the market there are many dedicated HDLC chips, but these chips are neither of control complexity nor of limited number of channels. This paper presents a new method for implementing a multi-channel HDLC protocol controller using Altera FPGA and VHDL as the target technology. Implementing a multi-channel HDLC protocol controller in FPGA offers the flexibility, upgradability and customization benefits of programmable logic and also reduces the total cost of every project which involves HDLC protocol controllers.

The impact of different proportions of knitting elements on the resistive properties of conductive fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Liu ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Resistive Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistive Property

Conductive yarn is the key factor in fabricating electronic textiles. Generally, three basic fabric production methods (knit, woven, and non-woven) combined with two finishing processes (embroidery and print) are adopted to embed conductive yarns into fabrics to achieve flexible electronic textiles. Conductive yarns with knit structure are the most flexible and effective form of electronic textiles. Electronic textiles present many advantages over conventional electronics. However, in the process of commercialization of conductive knitted fabrics, it is a great challenge to control the complicated resistive networks in conductive knitted fabrics for the purpose of cost saving and good esthetics. The resistive networks in conductive knitted fabrics contain length-related resistance and contact resistance. The physical forms of conductive yarns in different fabrication structures can be very different and, thus, the contact resistance varies greatly in different fabrics. So far, study of controlling the resistive property of conductive fabrics has not been conducted. Therefore, establishing a systematic method for the industry as a reference source to produce wearable electronics is in great demand. During the industrialization of conductive knitted fabrics, engineers can estimate the resistive property of the fabric in advance, which makes the production process more effective and cost efficient. What is more, the resistive distribution in the same area of knitted fabrics can be fully controlled.

A novel yarn spinning method for fabricating conductive and nanofiber-coated hybrid yarns

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372091441
Author(s):  
Gizem Kayabaşı ◽  
Özgü Özen ◽  
Demet Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fabric Production

Electronic or conductive textiles have attracted particular attention because of their potential applications in the fields of energy storage, supercapacitors, solar cells, health care devices, etc. Contrary to solid materials, the properties of textile materials such as stretchability, foldability, washability, etc. make the textiles ideal support materials for electronic devices. Therefore, in recent years, various conductive materials and production methods have been researched extensively to make the textiles conductive. In the present study, an alternative method based on imparting the conductivity to the fiber-based structure for the production of conductive textiles was established. Considering the contribution of unique characteristics of the fiber-based structure to the clothing systems, imparting the conductivity to the fibrous structure before yarn and fabric production may help to protect the breathable, lightweight, softness, deformable and washable of textile structure, and hence to improve the wearability properties of the electronic textiles. In the study, carbon black nanoparticles were selected as a conductive material due to low cost and easy procurable while cotton fiber together with other fiber types such as polyester, acrylic and viscose rayon fibers were used due to their common usage in the textile industry. In addition, various production parameters (CB concentration, feeding rate, etc.) were analyzed and the results indicated that the developed alternative method is capable to produce conductive yarns and electrical resistance of the yarns was about 94–4481 kΩ. The yarns had comparable yarn tenacity and breaking elongation properties, and still carried conductive character even after washing. In literature, there has been no effort to get conductivity in this manner and the method can be considered to be a new application for added-on or built-in future wearable electronics. Also, in the study, produced conductive yarns were used as a collector to gather the nanofibers onto the yarn to produce hybrid yarns enabling the production of functional textile products.

Highly effective anti-corrosion epoxy spray coatings containing self-assembled clay in smectic order

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 2669-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Xingliang He ◽  
Tsao-Cheng Huang ◽  
Kevin L. White ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Aluminum Substrate ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposite ◽  
Spray Coatings ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Self Assembled

Epoxy nanocomposite coatings containing self-assembled α-zirconium phosphate nanoplatelets (ZrP) in smectic order were successfully prepared by spray-coating on an aluminum substrate using a simple, energy-efficient fabrication process that is suitable for industrial practices.

Direct-Write Stretchable Sensors Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Matrix

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Vatani ◽  
Yanfeng Lu ◽  
Kye-Shin Lee ◽  
Ho-Chan Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
3D Structural Electronics ◽  
Stretchable Sensors

There have been increasing demands and interests in stretchable sensors with the development of flexible or stretchable conductive materials. These sensors can be used for detecting large strain, 3D deformation, and a free-form shape. In this work, a stretchable conductive sensor has been developed using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and monofunctional acrylate monomers (cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate and acrylate ester). The suggested sensors have been fabricated using a screw-driven microdispensing direct-write (DW) technology. To demonstrate the capabilities of the DW system, effects of dispensing parameters such as the feed rate and material flow rate on created line widths were investigated. Finally, a stretchable conductive sensor was fabricated using proper dispensing parameters, and an experiment for stretchability and resistance change was accomplished. The result showed that the sensor had a large strain range up to 90% with a linear resistance change and gauge factor ∼2.7. Based on the results, it is expected that the suggested DW stretchable sensor can be used in many application areas such as wearable electronics, tactile sensors, 3D structural electronics, etc.

Nanotechnology in Textile Industry and Advantages

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Chow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Nanometer Particles ◽  
Textile Industries

Nanotechnology can be applied to various industries and textile industry is one of the foremost industries benefited. Starting 1997, textile industry pioneers with foresight already using the nanometer particles to coat on yarns, fibre and fabric to give innovation to the industry. There was estimation that in 2007, the market for the nanometer particles application, electronic textiles and wearable electronics had reached US$13.6 billion and projected to hit US$115 billion in 2012 (1). Despite this great potential, the textile industries find themselves like swimming in the big ocean when applying nanotechnology to their products. Consumers are hesitated to accept the nano-treated garments as they have little knowledge when comes to nanotechnology. A poll was taken out in August, 2007 showed that in United States, many Americans know little to nothing about nanotechnology. Only 6% of Americans have “heard a lot” about nanotechnology and 42% have heard “nothing at all” (2, 3).

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