scholarly journals Enhancing Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy Using CNTs Mixed Electro-Discharge Process

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Timur Rizovich Ablyaz ◽  
Evgeny Sergeevich Shlykov ◽  
Karim Ravilevich Muratov ◽  
Amandeep Singh Bhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

This paper presents wear and corrosion resistance analysis of carbon nanotubes coated with Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by electro-discharge treatment. The reported work is carried out using Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array to design the experimental matrix by varying five input process parameters i.e., dielectric medium (plain dielectric, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed dielectric), current (1–4 A), pulse-on-time (30–60 µs), pulse-off-time (60–120 µs), and voltage (30–50 V). The output responses are assessed in terms of microhardness and surface roughness of the treated specimen. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the coated sample reveal the formation of intermetallic compounds, oxides, and carbides, whereas surface morphology is observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For the purpose of the in-vitro wear behavior of treated samples, the surface with superior microhardness values in plain dielectric and MWCNTs mixed dielectric is compared using a pin-on-disc type wear test. Furthermore, electrochemical corrosion test is also conducted to portray the dominance of treated substrate of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for biomedical applications. It is concluded that the wear-resistant and the corrosion protection efficiency of the MWCNTs treated substrate enhanced to 95%, and 96.63%, respectively.

Investigation on Biocompatibility and Mechanical Properties of Ti15Mg Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 557-564
Author(s):  
Haydar Abdul Hassan Al-Ethari ◽  
Sundus Abbas Jasim ◽  
Ekhlas Khalid Zamel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
Microscope Analysis ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Prepared Alloy

In this research work, bioactive Ti15Mg alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy route to investigate its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Many tests were performed including X-ray diffraction; optical microscope analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis, ultrasonic wave test, corrosion behavior test, Static immersion test, and the wet sliding wear test. The XRD result shows that the prepared alloy sample consist of (α-Ti phase) and Mg. The microstructure of the prepared alloy sample consisted of a biodegradable Mg or pore and alpha titanium. The effect of the Mg content on degradability was tested based on simulated body fluid of Ringer solutions using electrochemical corrosion. The findings indicate that an elastic modulus of 47GPa exhibits the alloy. There were low corrosion rates of the alloy. The Ti matrix remained integrity after 14 days of immersion in the Ringer solutions, and the magnesium phase dissolved in the solution, causing a layer to form on the alloy. The wear behavior of the prepared ally at wet sliding conditions was evaluated using pin on disc method. The in vitro analysis showed good biocompatibility with Ti15Mg alloy. The prepared alloy demonstrates good biocompatibility and bioactivity.

scholarly journals Knee Wear Assessment: 3D Scanners Used as a Consolidated Procedure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Affatato ◽  
Maria Cristina Valigi ◽  
Silvia Logozzo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Mobile Bearing ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Optical Scanners ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
3D Scanners

It is well known that wear occurring in polyethylene menisci is a significant clinical problem. At this regard, wear tests on biomaterials medical devices are performed in order to assess their pre-clinical performance in terms of wear, durability, resistance to fatigue, etc. The objective of this study was to assess the wear of mobile total knee polyethylene inserts after an in vitro wear test. In particular, the wear behavior of mobile bearing polyethylene knee configurations was investigated using a knee joint wear simulator. After the completion of the wear test, the polyethylene mobile menisci were analyzed through a consolidated procedure by using 3D optical scanners, in order to evaluate the 3D wear distribution on the prosthesis surface, wear depths, wear rates, amount of material loss and contact areas. The results in terms of wear rates and wear volumes were compared with results of gravimetric tests, finding equivalent achievements.

Wear Behavior of Enamel/Dentine and Veneering Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 1251-1254
Author(s):  
Q.P. Gao ◽  
Yong Lie Chao ◽  
X.Ch. Jian ◽  
F. Guo ◽  
Y.K. Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Frictional Coefficients ◽  
Ceramic Restorations

This in vitro study compared the wear behavior between the enamel/dentine, two types of dental veneering ceramics for all-ceramic restorations (Vita-alpha，Vintage -AL ). A variety of factors including hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength, frictional coefficients, wear scar width, element concentrations were considered. The wear scars of the samples were characterized by dynamic atomic force microscopy (DFM). The element concentrations of the surface before/after the wear test were determined with energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). In this study Enamel/dentine, Vita-alpha and Vintage-AL have showed good wear resistance. The results also showed that there were statistical significance in samples. The friction coefficient varied from time in each kind of materials. The analytical differences between materials were observed in wear width and properties of materials (p<0.05). The wear ability among four materials ranked from highest to lowest as follows, Vintage-AL, Vita-alpha, enamel and dentine. DFM results demonstrated the wear patterns of natural tooth detected as abrasive and denaturation of dental texture. Wear patterns of tested veneering ceramics consisted mainly of abrasive wear, adhesion and fatigue wear and the different pattern plays different roles in Vita-alpha and Vintage-AL. The EDS results showed the element concentration of Fe was obviously found on the samples. Resistance ability against wear of veneering ceramics is better than that of natural human teeth. And the ability may have some correlation with the ceramics mechanical properties.

Tribological Properties of Titanium Plate Coated with Carbon Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Umeda ◽  
Takanori Mimoto ◽  
Katsuyoshi Kondoh ◽  
Bunshi Fugetsu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Stainless Steel Ball ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This study investigated the tribological property and wear behavior of pure titanium (Ti) plate coated with un-bundled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The network-structured MWCNT films were formed on Ti substrate, and their tribological properties were examined by the ball-on-disk wear test equipment under dry sliding condition. SUS304 stainless steel ball was used as a counterpart material in this test. The mean friction coefficient of the Ti plate coated with MWCNTs was remarkably lower and stable compared to the as-received pure Ti plate without any coating films. SEM-EDS analysis showed the network-structured MWCNT films obviously remained after wear test for 3.6 ks in sliding and no seizure phenomena with the SUS304 ball. The above excellent tribological performance was due to CNTs self-lubricant, their bearing effects and the strong metallurgical bonding between Ti plate and MWCNT films by annealing.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF OPTIMAL ED MACHINING PARAMETERS FOR Ti-6Al-4V BIOMATERIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Bhui ◽  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu ◽  
Preetkanwal Singh Bains
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machining Rate ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time ◽  
Off Time ◽  
Time Pulse

The present study investigates optimal parameters for machining of Ti-6Al-4V using EDM with graphite electrode. Herein, another technique of modifying surface properties and enhancing machining rate using electrical discharge machining (EDM) was developed. In the present study, design of experiment (D.O.E) was developed using the Taguchi’s orthogonal array to examine the effect of the input machining factors on the machining characteristics, and to forecast the optimized EDM parameters in terms of peak current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time and applied gap voltage. Each experiment was performed to obtain a hole of 1mm depth on the workpiece. From the results, it is found that the discharge current has significant influence on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) followed by other selected parameters, i.e. pulse-on time, pulse-off time. The MRR augmented steeply with the current and was recorded as maximum at 4 Amps. In-vitro bioactivity test was conducted in the simulated body fluid to examine bioactivity confirming a significant apatite growth on the surface treated with ED sparks. The surface and chemical alteration were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) along with the identification of the substantially enhanced morphology for clinical success.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Tribological Attributes of Al-CNT-Sn Composites Prepared by Press and Sintering

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Vilas Dhore ◽  
Walmik Rathod ◽  
Kashinath Patil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composite

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown tremendous progress during the past two decades due to their extraordinary properties. With CNTs added as an alloying element, various engineering materials exhibit better mechanical properties. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were synthesized in-house by chemical vapor deposition process. Carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum composites were prepared by cold pressing (or compaction) and sintering using different fractions (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 weight percent) of MWCNTs. The Al-CNT composites consists of tin (Sn) at 1.0 wt. % in each composition. Tin promotes the sintering of aluminum matrix composite. The effect of CNT on the density, hardness, and wear behavior of the composites were studied. Wear tests were performed to determine friction and wear under dry, wet, and hot conditions under varying loads from 5 N to 20 N. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used for the characterization. This investigation shows that increased CNT content significantly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the composites. The friction and wear were found to increase with operating temperature. A significant reduction in coefficient of friction and wear rate was observed with the application of oil during the wear test.

Simultaneous Improvement of Micro-Hardness and Surface Finish in Die Steels by Powder-Mixed EDM Process

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Die Steels ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time ◽  
Off Time

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is widely used by the die and tool making industry for the accurate machining of complex internal profiles in various types of dies. Due to the absence of physical contact between the tool and the workpiece, the hardness of the workpiece is not a consideration in this process and die steels can be machined after hardening. Although EDM is a machining process, it has also been successfully used for improving the surface properties of dies and press tools. The intrinsic nature or the process causes some dissolution of the electrode and these particles may alloy with the machined surface under appropriate machining conditions. Breakdown of the hydrocarbon dielectric under intense heat of the spark contributes carbon to the plasma channel. Another method to produce similar alloying effect is the addition of powders of the desirable elements in the dielectric medium. If such powders are conductive in nature, they affect the energy distribution and sparking efficiency and consequently, the surface finish and micro-hardness. This paper presents the results of an experimental study into electrical discharge machining of H13 hot die steel with graphite powder mixed in the dielectric medium. Copper electrode and kerosene dielectric were used for the experiments and three operating parameters, namely peak current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time were varied. Results show increase in micro-hardness by 42% and improvement in surface finish by 68%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis show smooth surface devoid of any craters and significant presence of carbon in the machined surface which is expected to provide self-lubricating properties to the die surface. Chemical composition of the machined surface checked with an optical emission spectrometer shows increase in percentage of carbon from 0.44% to 3.23%. All three operating parameters emerge as significant and the favorable machining conditions for surface alloying are found to be low value of peak current, shorter pulse on-time, longer pulse off-time and negative polarity of the tool electrode.

Performance Analysis on Eco-friendly Machining of Ti6Al4V using Powder Mixed with Different Dielectrics in WEDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8128-8139
Author(s):  
S. Chakraborty ◽  
S. Mitra ◽  
D. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Fluids ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time ◽  
Wedm Process

The recent scenario of modern manufacturing is tremendously improved in the sense of precision machining and abstaining from environmental pollution and hazard issues. In the present work, Ti6Al4V is machined through wire EDM (WEDM) process with powder mixed dielectric and analyzed the influence of input parameters and inherent hazard issues. WEDM has different parameters such as peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, gap voltage, wire speed, wire tension and so on, as well as dielectrics with powder mixed. These are playing an essential role in WEDM performances to improve the process efficiency by developing the surface texture, microhardness, and metal removal rate. Even though the parameter’s influencing, the study of environmental effect in the WEDM process is very essential during the machining process due to the high emission of toxic vapour by the high discharge energy. In the present study, three different dielectric fluids were used, including deionised water, kerosene, and surfactant added deionised water and analysed the data by taking one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. From this study, it is established that dielectric types and powder significantly improve performances with proper set of machining parameters and find out the risk factor associated with the PMWEDM process.

Enhancement of EDM Performance by Using Copper-Silver Composite Electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358
Author(s):  
Saad K. Shather ◽  
Abbas A. Ibrahim ◽  
Zainab H. Mohsein ◽  
Omar H. Hassoon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

Discharge Machining is a non-traditional machining technique and usually applied for hard metals and complex shapes that difficult to machining in the traditional cutting process. This process depends on different parameters that can affect the material removal rate and surface roughness. The electrode material is one of the important parameters in Electro –Discharge Machining (EDM). In this paper, the experimental work carried out by using a composite material electrode and the workpiece material from a high-speed steel plate. The cutting conditions: current (10 Amps, 12 Amps, 14 Amps), pulse on time (100 µs, 150 µs, 200 µs), pulse off time 25 µs, casting technique has been carried out to prepare the composite electrodes copper-sliver. The experimental results showed that Copper-Sliver (weight ratio70:30) gives better results than commonly electrode copper, Material Removal Rate (MRR) Copper-Sliver composite electrode reach to 0.225 gm/min higher than the pure Copper electrode. The lower value of the tool wear rate achieved with the composite electrode is 0.0001 gm/min. The surface roughness of the workpiece improved with a composite electrode compared with the pure electrode.

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